Reused ontologies: BFO, RO, PMDco V3.0.0-alpha4, NFDIcore V3.0.0, MWO V3.0.0
Hossein Beygi Nasrabadi and Jörg Waitelonis. Vickers Testing Ontology (VTO). Revision: v3.0.0. Retrieved from: https://materialdigital.github.io/vickers-testing-ontology/3.0.0
Vickers Test Ontology (VTO) has developed for representing the Vickers testing process, testing equipment requirements, test pieces charactristics, and related testing parameters and their measurement procedure according to DIN EN ISO 6507-1 standard.
a Vickers hardness unit label that indicates a hardness value measured in a Vickers hardness test using a test force greater than 49.03 N (5 kgf).
HV 5
hardness unit label
measurement unit label that represents the scale or value used to express material hardness.
label
Vickers HV 5 ISO 6507
Vickers hardness test when test force is more than 49.03 N
definition source
Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007
Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w
vickers hardness
value obtained by dividing the applied force by the surface area of the indentation computed from the mean of the measured diagonals of the indentations, assuming that the indentation is an imprint of the undeformed indenter
verification process
A process of evaluating whether a system, component, or result meets specified requirements or standards.
planned process
Injecting mice with a vaccine in order to test its efficacy
A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification.
'Plan' includes a future direction sense. That can be problematic if plans are changed during their execution. There are however implicit contingencies for protocols that an agent has in his mind that can be considered part of the plan, even if the agent didn't have them in mind before. Therefore, a planned process can diverge from what the agent would have said the plan was before executing it, by adjusting to problems encountered during execution (e.g. choosing another reagent with equivalent properties, if the originally planned one has run out.)
We are only considering successfully completed planned processes. A plan may be modified, and details added during execution. For a given planned process, the associated realized plan specification is the one encompassing all changes made during execution. This means that all processes in which an agent acts towards achieving some objectives is a planned process.
inter indentations distance
The distance between the centres of two adjacent indentations
Length is a size that describes the spacial extend of its bearer in one dimension.
length
dimension
indentation to edge distance
The distance from the edge of the test piece to the centre of each indentation
vickers machine optical measuring system
An optical system integrated with a Vickers hardness testing machine to accurately measure the indentation and determine material hardness.
optical measuring system
A system that uses light-based techniques, such as lasers or cameras, to measure physical properties, dimensions, or geometries of objects.
The vickers certified reference material is equivalent to the hardness reference block, i.e. a piece of material with a certified value and associated uncertainty.
certified reference material
A material with one or more well-characterized properties, certified by an authoritative body, used to ensure accuracy and traceability in measurements.
indentation depth
Indent depth is the depth from the surface of the sample to the indenter tip or indentation depth of the indenter.
depth
The distance from a reference surface or point to a specific point or feature along a perpendicular or defined direction.
vickers testing machine callibration process
The process of calibration of Vickers testing machines and verification of Vickers hardness values.
calibration process
A process of comparing measurement values delivered by an instrument or system with known reference standards to ensure accuracy and traceability.
vickers hardness testing machine uncertainty
Standard uncertainty of hardness testing machine when measuring CRM
vickers hardness uncertainty
Vickers hardness measurement uncertainty is the expression of the statistical dispersion of the values attributed to a measured quantity.
vickers hardness measurement resolution uncertainty
The uncertainty derived from maximum permissible error
vickers hardness bias uncertainty
Standard uncertainty due to resolution of the indentation diognal measuring system
Vickers HV 0.2 ISO 6507
Low-force Vickers hardness test when ranges of test force is between 1.961 and 49.03 N
Vickers HV 0.001 ISO 6507
Vickers microhardness test when ranges of test force is between 0,009 807 and 1,961 N
electropolishing process
An electrochemical process that smooths and brightens a metal surface by selectively removing material through anodic dissolution.
polishing process
surface finishing process that smooths or shines a material by mechanical, chemical, or electrochemical means to improve its appearance or properties.
Vickers test piece role
role of an object that serves as the prepared portion of a specimen specifically intended for performing a Vickers hardness test â having defined dimensions, surface conditions, and preparation suitable for indentation and measurement according to the Vickers testing procedure.
Proben-Rolle
test piece role
ANMERKUNG: Ein Test Piece ist ein Teilstück (potenziell alles) eines Specimens, welches die Bedingungen erfüllt, die durch ein anzuwendendes Prüfverfahren gestellt werden. Ein Specimen erfüllt diese Anforderungen im Allgemeinen erst nach weiterer Bearbeitung. CAVE: Diese Anmerkung beschreibt das Objekt, welches die Rolle, die durch diese owl:Class definiert wird, realisiert. ANMERKUNG: Die exakte Wortwahl der EN 10021 wurde verallgemeinert.
Mitunter kann der Probenabschnitt (Sample) oder der Prüfling (Specimen) unmittelbar als Probe dienen.
In certain cases, the test piece can be the sample or the specimen itself.
NOTE: A Test Piece is a piece that is taken from a specimen (potentially the whole specimen), which fulfills the requirements, that are set by the test procedure in which the test piece is about to be used. A specimen fulfills this requierements generally speaking only after further treatment/processing. CAVE: This note describes the object, that realizes the role defined by this owl:Class. NOTE: The wording used in EN 10021 was generalized.
EN 10021:2006-12 (European standardization committee: CEN/TC 459/SC 12/WG 4)
Rolle eines Objekts, welches eine Probe ist, die aus einem Prüfling (Specimen) oder Probenabschnitt (Sample) entnommen wurde; die Probe hat festgelegte Dimensionen, kann maschinell bearbeitet sein, wurde in einen für die Verwendung in einem Prüfverfahren notwendigen Zustand gebracht
role of object which is a part taken from a specimen or sample; the part has specified dimensions, is machined or un-machined, brought to a required condition for submission to a given test
Vickers hardness equation
an equation used to calculate the Vickers hardness value from the applied load and the indentation size.
participates in
this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation
this input material (or this output material) participates in this process
this investigator participates in this investigation
a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
Vickers hardness calculating
a process in which the hardness of a material is determined by measuring the size of an indentation made by a diamond pyramid under a known load and calculating the Vickers hardness value from it.
part of
my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities)
my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity)
this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood)
a core relation that holds between a part and its whole
Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other.
Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/
Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'.
Vickers hardness testing process
A hardness testing process where hardness value of a material measured normally using a diamond indenter. A diamond indenter, in the form of a right pyramid with a square base and with a specified angle between opposite faces at the vertex, is forced into the surface of a test piece followed by measurement of the diagonal length of the indentation left in the surface after removal of the test force.
equation textual entity
A textual entity that represents mathematical or logical relationships using symbolic notation in text form.
Vickers hardness uncertainty equation
an equation used to calculate the measurement uncertainty associated with a Vickers hardness value.
uncertainty calculating
A process in which the possible errors or variations in measurement results are quantified to estimate the reliability or confidence level of the measured value.
Vickers_certified_reference_material_designation
Vickers certified reference material designation
an object designation that identifies a certified reference material used for calibration or verification in a Vickers hardness test.
information content entity
Examples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs.
An information content entity is an entity that is generically dependent on some artifact and stands in relation of aboutness to some entity.
A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing.
2014-03-10: The use of "thing" is intended to be general enough to include universals and configurations (see https://groups.google.com/d/msg/information-ontology/GBxvYZCk1oc/-L6B5fSBBTQJ).
information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some digital_entity in obi before split (040907). information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some physical_document in obi before split (040907). Previous. An information content entity is a non-realizable information entity that 'is encoded in' some digital or physical entity.
Vickers_indenter_angel_value
Vickers indenter angel value
a value specification that specifies the angle of the Vickers indenter.
Vickers_indenter_designation
Vickers indenter designation
an identifier assigned to distinguish and reference a specific Vickers hardness test indenter.
Vickers_indenter_material_designation
Vickers indenter material designation
a material designation that identifies the material from which a Vickers hardness test indenter is made.
Vickers_test_average_diagonal_value
Vickers test average diagonal value
a value specification that specifies the average length of the indentation diagonals in a Vickers hardness test.
Vickers_test_average_hardness_value
Vickers test average hardness value
a value specification that specifies the average hardness value from a Vickers hardness test.
Vickers_test_force_value
Vickers test force value
a value specification that specifies the applied test force in a Vickers hardness test.
Vickers_test_hardness_range_value
Vickers test hardness range value
a value specification that specifies the range of hardness values obtained in a Vickers hardness test.
Vickers_test_loading_time_value
Vickers test loading time value
a value specification that specifies the duration of load application in a Vickers hardness test.
Vickers_test_machine_designation
Vickers test machine designation
an identifier assigned to distinguish and reference a specific Vickers hardness testing machine.
Vickers_test_operator_identification
Vickers test operator identification
A textual entity intended to identify the operator who performed the Vickers hardness test.
Vickers_test_piece_chemical_composition_specification
Vickers test piece chemical composition specification
an information content entity that specifies the values of the chemical components of the material used for a Vickers test piece.
Vickers_test_piece_dimension_value
Vickers test piece dimension value
a value specification that specifies the dimensions of a test piece used in a Vickers hardness test.
Vickers_test_piece_material_designation
Vickers test piece material designation
an identifier assigned to specify the material of a test piece used in a Vickers hardness test, like its name or ID
Vickers_test_piece_preparation_specification
Vickers test piece preparation specification
an action specification that defines how a test piece is to be prepared for a Vickers hardness test.
Vickers_test_related_project
Vickers test related project
a project designation that identifies the project associated with a specific Vickers hardness test.
Vickers_test_standard
Vickers test standard
a standard that defines the procedures, conditions, and requirements for performing and evaluating the Vickers hardness test.
Vickers_test_standard_deviation_hardness_value
Vickers test standard deviation hardness value
a value specification that specifies the standard deviation of hardness values measured in a Vickers hardness test.
Vickers_test_temperature_value
Vickers test temperature value
a value specification that specifies the temperature at which a Vickers hardness test is performed.
Vickers_test_uncertainty_hardness_value
Vickers test uncertainty hardness value
a value specification that specifies the uncertainty associated with a Vickers hardness value.
Vickers_testing_date
Vickers testing date
a date datum that specifies when a Vickers hardness test was performed.
preceded by
b preceded by c =Def b precedes c
The temporal region occupied by the second half of the match is preceded by the temporal region occupied by the first half of the match
occurrent
(Elucidation) An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the start or end of such an entity or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region
As for process, history, process boundary, spatiotemporal region, zero-dimensional temporal region, one-dimensional temporal region, temporal interval, temporal instant.
precedes
(Elucidation) precedes is a relation between occurrents o, o' such that if t is the temporal extent of o & t' is the temporal extent of o' then either the last instant of o is before the first instant of o' or the last instant of o is the first instant of o' & neither o nor o' are temporal instants
The temporal region occupied by Mary's birth precedes the temporal region occupied by Mary's death.
has proper occurrent part
b has proper occurrent part c =Def b has occurrent part c & b and c are not identical
As for has occurrent part.
has occurrent part
b has occurrent part c =Def c occurrent part of b
Mary's life has occurrent part Mary's 5th birthday
proper occurrent part of
b proper occurrent part of c =Def b occurrent part of c & b and c are not identical
As for occurrent part of.
proper temporal part of
b proper temporal part of c =Def b temporal part of c & not (b = c)
As for temporal part of.
temporal part of
b temporal part of c =Def b occurrent part of c & (b and c are temporal regions) or (b and c are spatiotemporal regions & b temporally projects onto an occurrent part of the temporal region that c temporally projects onto) or (b and c are processes or process boundaries & b occupies a temporal region that is an occurrent part of the temporal region that c occupies)
Your heart beating from 4pm to 5pm today is a temporal part of the process of your heart beating; the 4th year of your life is a temporal part of your life, as is the process boundary which separates the 3rd and 4th years of your life; the first quarter of a game of football is a temporal part of the whole game
has proper temporal part
b has proper temporal part c =Def c proper temporal part of b
As for has temporal part.
temporally projects onto
(Elucidation) temporally projects onto is a relation between a spatiotemporal region s and some temporal region which is the temporal extent of s
The world line of a particle temporally projects onto the temporal region extending from the beginning to the end of the existence of the particle
spatiotemporal region
(Elucidation) A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent that is an occurrent part of spacetime
The spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumour; the spatiotemporal region occupied by an orbiting satellite
temporal region
(Elucidation) A temporal region is an occurrent over which processes can unfold
As for zero-dimensional temporal region and one-dimensional temporal region
history of
(Elucidation) history of is a relation between history b and material entity c such that b is the unique history of c
This life is the history of this organism
history
(Elucidation) A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by the material part of a material entity
The life of an organism from the beginning to the end of its existence
material entity
(Elucidation) A material entity is an independent continuant has some portion of matter as continuant part
A human being; the undetached arm of a human being; an aggregate of human beings
has history
b has history c =Def c history of b
This organism has history this life
occupies temporal region
p occupies temporal region t =Def p is a process or process boundary & the spatiotemporal region occupied by p temporally projects onto t
The Second World War occupies the temporal region September 1, 1939 - September 2, 1945
process
(Elucidation) p is a process means p is an occurrent that has some temporal proper part and for some time t, p has some material entity as participant
An act of selling; the life of an organism; a process of sleeping; a process of cell-division; a beating of the heart; a process of meiosis; the taxiing of an aircraft; the programming of a computer
process boundary
p is a process boundary =Def p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts
The boundary between the 2nd and 3rd year of your life
occupies spatiotemporal region
(Elucidation) occupies spatiotemporal region is a relation between a process or process boundary p and the spatiotemporal region s which is its spatiotemporal extent
A particle emitted by a nuclear reactor occupies the spatiotemporal region which is its trajectory
temporal interval
(Elucidation) A temporal interval is a one-dimensional temporal region that is continuous, thus without gaps or breaks
The year 2018.
one-dimensional temporal region
(Elucidation) A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is a whole that has a temporal interval and zero or more temporal intervals and temporal instants as parts
The temporal region during which a process occurs
first instant of
t first instant of t' =Def t is a temporal instant & t' is a temporal region t' & t precedes all temporal parts of t' other than t
An hour starting at midnight yesterday has first instant midnight yesterday
temporal instant
(Elucidation) A temporal instant is a zero-dimensional temporal region that has no proper temporal part
The millennium
has first instant
t has first instant t' =Def t' first instant of t
The first hour of a year has first instant midnight on December 31
last instant of
t last instant of t' =Def t is a temporal instant & t' is a temporal region & all temporal parts of t' other than t precede t
Last midnight is the last instant of yesterday
has last instant
t has last instant t' =Def t' last instant of t
The last hour of a year has last instant midnight December 31
A carbon group element atom with a symbol Fl and atomic number 114.
definition
The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with.
An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity.
A boron group element atom with a symbol Nh and atomic number 113.
A pnictogen atom with a symbol Mc and atomic number 115.
A chalcogen atom with a symbol Lv and atomic number 116.
A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element.
A halogen atom with a symbol Ts and atomic number 117.
A p-block element atom with a symbol Og and atomic number 118.
Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity.
We are assuming that every molecular entity has to be completely connected by chemical bonds. This excludes protein complexes, which are comprised of minimally two separate molecular entities. We will follow up with Chebi to ensure this is their understanding as well
A defined linked collection of atoms or a single atom within a molecular entity.
An atom of an element that exhibits properties that are between those of metals and nonmetals, or that has a mixture of them. The term generally includes boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium, while carbon, aluminium, selenium, polonium, and astatine are less commonly included.
A radioactive metallic element discovered in 1898 by Marie Sklodowska Curie and named after her home country, Poland (Latin Polonia).
A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45.
A copper group element atom with atomic number 111. The the ninth member of the 6d series of transition metals, it is an extremely radioactive, synthetic element. Average mass is around 281.
A zinc group element atom with a symbol Cn and atomic number 112. All its isotopes are intensely radioactive. Prior to its discovery, it had the placeholder name ununbium (in accordance with IUPAC recommendations). Following its discovery (in Darmstadt, 1996) and subsequent confirmation, the name copernicium was adopted in 2010.
has measurement value
scalar measurement datum
10 feet. 3 ml.
A scalar measurement datum is a measurement datum that is composed of two parts, numerals and a unit label.
2009-03-16: we decided to keep datum singular in scalar measurement datum, as in this case we explicitly refer to the singular form
Would write this as: has_part some 'measurement unit label' and has_part some numeral and has_part exactly 2, except for the fact that this won't let us take advantage of OWL reasoning over the numbers. Instead use has measurment value property to represent the same. Use has measurement unit label (subproperty of has_part) so we can easily say that there is only one of them.
symbol
a serial number such as "12324X"
a stop sign
a written proper name such as "OBI"
An information content entity that is a mark(s) or character(s) used as a conventional representation of another entity.
20091104, MC: this needs work and will most probably change
2014-03-31: We would like to have a deeper analysis of 'mark' and 'sign' in the future (see https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/154).
based on Oxford English Dictionary
example of usage
A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold.
editor note
An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology.
has measurement unit label
measurement unit label
Examples of measurement unit labels are liters, inches, weight per volume.
A measurement unit label is as a label that is part of a scalar measurement datum and denotes a unit of measure.
2009-03-16: provenance: a term measurement unit was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000176) , edited by Chris Stoeckert and Cristian Cocos, and subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definition of this, different, term.
2009-03-16: review of this term done during during the OBI workshop winter 2009 and the current definition was considered acceptable for use in OBI. If there is a need to modify this definition please notify OBI.
has part
my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities)
my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity)
this year has part this day (occurrent parthood)
a core relation that holds between a whole and its part
Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part.
Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'.
curation status specification
The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.
Better to represent curation as a process with parts and then relate labels to that process (in IAO meeting)
data about an ontology part
Data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term
example to be eventually removed
metadata complete
Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete.
organizational term
Term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release
ready for release
Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release."
metadata incomplete
Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors.
uncurated
Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term.
pending final vetting
All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor.
to be replaced with external ontology term
Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology.
requires discussion
A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues.
failed exploratory term
The term was used in an attempt to structure part of the ontology but in retrospect failed to do a good job
is quality measurement of
m is a quality measurement of q at t. When q is a quality, there is a measurement process p that has specified output m, a measurement datum, that is about q
8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: The strategy is to be rather specific with this relationship. There are other kinds of measurements that are not of qualities, such as those that measure time. We will add these as separate properties for the moment and see about generalizing later
From the second IAO workshop [Alan Ruttenberg 8/6/2009: not completely current, though bringing in comparison is probably important] This one is the one we are struggling with at the moment. The issue is what a measurement measures. On the one hand saying that it measures the quality would include it "measuring" the bearer = referring to the bearer in the measurement. However this makes comparisons of two different things not possible. On the other hand not having it inhere in the bearer, on the face of it, breaks the audit trail. Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which we are awaiting details. -- From the second IAO workshop, various comments, [commented on by Alan Ruttenberg 8/6/2009] unit of measure is a quality, e.g. the length of a ruler. [We decided to hedge on what units of measure are, instead talking about measurement unit labels, which are the information content entities that are about whatever measurement units are. For IAO we need that information entity in any case. See the term measurement unit label] [Some struggling with the various subflavors of is_about. We subsequently removed the relation represents, and describes until and only when we have a better theory] a represents b means either a denotes b or a describes describe: a describes b means a is about b and a allows an inference of at least one quality of b We have had a long discussion about denotes versus describes.
From the second IAO workshop: An attempt at tieing the quality to the measurement datum more carefully. a is a magnitude means a is a determinate quality particular inhering in some bearer b existing at a time t that can be represented/denoted by an information content entity e that has parts denoting a unit of measure, a number, and b. The unit of measure is an instance of the determinable quality.
From the second meeting on IAO: An attempt at defining assay using Barry's "reliability" wording assay: process and has_input some material entity and has_output some information content entity and which is such that instances of this process type reliably generate outputs that describes the input.
This one is the one we are struggling with at the moment. The issue is what a measurement measures. On the one hand saying that it measures the quality would include it "measuring" the bearer = referring to the bearer in the measurement. However this makes comparisons of two different things not possible. On the other hand not having it inhere in the bearer, on the face of it, breaks the audit trail. Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which we are awaiting details.
measurement datum
Examples of measurement data are the recoding of the weight of a mouse as {40,mass,"grams"}, the recording of an observation of the behavior of the mouse {,process,"agitated"}, the recording of the expression level of a gene as measured through the process of microarray experiment {3.4,luminosity,}.
A measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device.
2/2/2009 is_specified_output of some assay?
is about
This document is about information artifacts and their representations
A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity.
7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. Following discussion with Jonathan Rees, and introduction of "mentions" relation. Weaken the is_about relationship to be primitive. We will try to build it back up by elaborating the various subproperties that are more precisely defined. Some currently missing phenomena that should be considered "about" are predications - "The only person who knows the answer is sitting beside me" , Allegory, Satire, and other literary forms that can be topical without explicitly mentioning the topic.
Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy
is quality measured as
inverse of the relation of is quality measurement of
2009/10/19 Alan Ruttenberg. Named 'junk' relation useful in restrictions, but not a real instance relationship
placeholder removed
terms merged
An editor note should explain what were the merged terms and the reason for the merge.
term imported
This is to be used when the original term has been replaced by a term imported from an other ontology. An editor note should indicate what is the URI of the new term to use.
term split
This is to be used when a term has been split in two or more new terms. An editor note should indicate the reason for the split and indicate the URIs of the new terms created.
publication
journal article, newspaper story, book, etc.
A document that is the output of a publishing process.
document
A journal article, patent application, laboratory notebook, or a book
A collection of information content entities intended to be understood together as a whole
publishing process
A planned process of making information, such as literature, music, and software etc., available to the public for sale or for free.
is specified output of
A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
universal
Hard to give a definition for. Intuitively a "natural kind" rather than a collection of any old things, which a class is able to be, formally. At the meta level, universals are defined as positives, are disjoint with their siblings, have single asserted parents.
A Formal Theory of Substances, Qualities, and Universals, http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bfo/SQU.pdf
is quality specification of
A relation between a data item and a quality of a material entity where the material entity is the specified output of a material transformation which achieves an objective specification that indicates the intended value of the specified quality.
quality is specified as
inverse of the relation of is quality specification of
defined class
A defined class is a class that is defined by a set of logically necessary and sufficient conditions but is not a universal
"definitions", in some readings, always are given by necessary and sufficient conditions. So one must be careful (and this is difficult sometimes) to distinguish between defined classes and universal.
named class expression
A named class expression is a logical expression that is given a name. The name can be used in place of the expression.
named class expressions are used in order to have more concise logical definition but their extensions may not be interesting classes on their own. In languages such as OWL, with no provisions for macros, these show up as actuall classes. Tools may with to not show them as such, and to replace uses of the macros with their expansions
plan
The plan of researcher X to perform an experiment according to a protocol.
A plan is a realizable entity that is the inheres in a bearer who is committed to realizing it as a planned process.
This class is included to make clear how the plan specification, the plan, and the planned process relate. OBI will however only subclass and work under the 'plan specification', and 'planned process' class, as we want to avoid to get deep into discussions of 'intend' etc.
branch derived
realizable entity
(Elucidation) A realizable entity is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region & which is of a type some instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type
The role of being a doctor; the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet; the function of your reproductive organs; the disposition of your blood to coagulate; the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity
A person or organization that has a manufacturer role.
has role
this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator)
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
With respect to The Accuri C6 Flow Cytometer System, the organization Accuri bears the role manufacturer role. With respect to a transformed line of tissue culture cells derived by a specific lab, the lab whose personnel isolated the cll line bears the role manufacturer role. With respect to a specific antibody produced by an individual scientist, the scientist who purifies, characterizes and distributes the anitbody bears the role manufacturer role.
Manufacturer role is a role which inheres in a person or organization and which is realized by a manufacturing process.
organization
PMID: 16353909.AAPS J. 2005 Sep 22;7(2):E274-80. Review. The joint food and agriculture organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives and its role in the evaluation of the safety of veterinary drug residues in foods.
An entity that can bear roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members.
BP: The definition summarizes long email discussions on the OBI developer, roles, biomaterial and denrie branches. It leaves open if an organization is a material entity or a dependent continuant, as no consensus was reached on that. The current placement as material is therefore temporary, in order to move forward with development. Here is the entire email summary, on which the definition is based: 1) there are organization_member_roles (president, treasurer, branch editor), with individual persons as bearers 2) there are organization_roles (employer, owner, vendor, patent holder) 3) an organization has a charter / rules / bylaws, which specify what roles there are, how they should be realized, and how to modify the charter/rules/bylaws themselves. It is debatable what the organization itself is (some kind of dependent continuant or an aggregate of people). This also determines who/what the bearer of organization_roles' are. My personal favorite is still to define organization as a kind of 'legal entity', but thinking it through leads to all kinds of questions that are clearly outside the scope of OBI. Interestingly enough, it does not seem to matter much where we place organization itself, as long as we can subclass it (University, Corporation, Government Agency, Hospital), instantiate it (Affymetrix, NCBI, NIH, ISO, W3C, University of Oklahoma), and have it play roles. This leads to my proposal: We define organization through the statements 1 - 3 above, but without an 'is a' statement for now. We can leave it in its current place in the is_a hierarchy (material entity) or move it up to 'continuant'. We leave further clarifications to BFO, and close this issue for now.
A relation between a value specification and a number that quantifies it.
A range of 'real' might be better than 'float'. For now we follow 'has measurement value' until we can consider technical issues with SPARQL queries and reasoning.
The value of 'positive' in a classification scheme of "positive or negative"; the value of '20g' on the quantitative scale of mass.
An information content entity that specifies a value within a classification scheme or on a quantitative scale.
This term is currently a descendant of 'information content entity', which requires that it 'is about' something. A value specification of '20g' for a measurement data item of the mass of a particular mouse 'is about' the mass of that mouse. However there are cases where a value specification is not clearly about any particular. In the future we may change 'value specification' to remove the 'is about' requirement.
has specified value
A relation between a value specification and a literal.
This is not an RDF/OWL object property. It is intended to link a value found in e.g. a database column of 'M' (the literal) to an instance of a value specification class, which can then be linked to indicate that this is about the biological gender of a human subject.
The term was added to the ontology on the assumption it was in scope, but it turned out later that it was not.
This obsolesence reason should be used conservatively. Typical valid examples are: un-necessary grouping classes in disease ontologies, a phenotype term added on the assumption it was a disease.
function of
this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme
a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.
function
(Elucidation) A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of its bearer's physical make-up & this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artefacts) in order to realize processes of a certain sort
The function of a hammer to drive in nails; the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity
characteristic of
this fragility is a characteristic of this vase
this red color is a characteristic of this apple
a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence.
has function
this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function)
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.
derives from
this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division)
this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division)
a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'.
derives into
this parent cell derives into this cell (cell division)
this parent nucleus derives into this nucleus (nuclear division)
a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops into'. To avoid making statements about a future that may not come to pass, it is often better to use the backward-looking 'derives from' rather than the forward-looking 'derives into'.
location of
my head is the location of my brain
this cage is the location of this rat
a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location
Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/
located in
my brain is located in my head
this rat is located in this cage
a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location
Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus
simultaneous with
x simultaneous with y iff Ï(x) = Ï(y) and Ï(Î± ) = Ï(Î±), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and Ï is a function that maps a process to an end point and '=' indicates the same instance in time.
starts
starts with
Every insulin receptor signaling pathway starts with the binding of a ligand to the insulin receptor
x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) â§ Ï(y) < Ï(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and Ï is a function that maps a process to an end point.
ends
ends with
x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) â§ Ï(y) = Ï(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and Ï is a function that maps a process to an end point.
assay measures characteristic
A mass measurement assay measures an material's mass characteristic. A radioactivity detection assay measures the amount of radiation (alpha, beta or gamma ray emmissions) coming from a material.
A relation between an assay and a characteristic, in which the assay generates a data item which is a measure of a characteristic.
specifically dependent continuant
b is a specifically dependent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region & which is such that b specifically depends on c
(with multiple bearers) John's love for Mary; the ownership relation between John and this statue; the relation of authority between John and his subordinates
(with one bearer) The mass of this tomato; the pink colour of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its centre; the smell of this portion of mozzarella; the disposition of this fish to decay; the role of being a doctor; the function of this heart to pump blood; the shape of this hole
characteristic measured by assay
Inverse of 'assay measures characteristic'
relationship between a planned process and the plan specification that it carries out; it is defined as equivalent to the composed relationship (realizes o concretizes)
realizes
(Elucidation) realizes is a relation between a process b and realizable entity c such that c inheres in some d & for all t, if b has participant d then c exists & the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c
A balding process realizes a disposition to go bald; a studying process realizes a student role; a process of pumping blood realizes the pumping function of a heart
concretizes
An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process).
A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant or process and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant or process also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants or processes can concretize the same generically dependent continuant.
"A unit which is a standard measure of the dimension in which events occur in sequence." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A unit of measurement is a standardized quantity of a physical quality." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A concentration unit which denotes the number of moles of solute as a proportion of the total number of moles in a solution." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of a substance in a mixture as a percentage of the mass of the entire mixture." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]
"A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of the substance in a mixture as a percentage of the volume of the entire mixture." [UOC:GVG]
Abstand zwischen den Eindrücken und Rand
Bestimmung der erweiterten Unsicherheit UM1
Bestimmung der Unsicherheit Härtemesswerte â Methode M1 nach DIN
Durchschnittlicher Durchmesser der Vertiefung
Messunsicherheit aufgrund der Standardunsicherheit der systematischen uHTM
Standardunsicherheit aufgrund der Auflösung der Anzeige für den Härtewert ums
Standardunsicherheit aufgrund des Mangels an Wiederholpräzision
has value
data property that relates an information content entity to a literal
vector field specification
also see "The Ontology of Fields" - Report of a Specialist Meeting Held under the Auspices of the Varenius Project: Donna Peuquet, Barry Smith, and Berit Brogaard; Bar Harbor, Maine 1998
a value specifcation that represents an assignment of a vector to each point in a discretized spacial region
has process attribute
has process attribute from OEO https://openenergyplatform.org/ontology/oeo/OEO_00000500
A relation between a process and a process attribute that depends on it.
Tensile testing process has process attribute tensile rate
Process attribute for a process has a similar application to specifically dependened continuant (SDC) for an independent continuant (IC). Furthermore, process attribute describes how SDCs of some participants, i.e., ICs, change in a process. Specific rates, e.g., tensile rate, cooling rate, etc. should be added as subclasses of this class.
process attribute
process attribute from OEO https://openenergyplatform.org/ontology/oeo/OEO_00030019
Renamed to avoid confusion with has characteristic object property
process characteristic
a process attribute is a dependent occurrent that existentially depends on a process.
Tensile rate in a tensile testing process. Cooling rate in a quenching process
simulation entity role
Simulation entity role is a role that inheres in an independent continuant (IC) and is realized in a simulation process. This role enables the IC to participate in the simulation as a proxy, model, or representative of a real or hypothetical entity within the simulated context
role
(Elucidation) A role b is a realizable entity such that b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be & b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed
The priest role; the student role; the role of subject in a clinical trial; the role of a stone in marking a property boundary; the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighbouring administrative territories; the role of a building in serving as a military target
has realization
b has realization c =Def c realizes b
As for realizes
Simulationsprozess
simulation process
Ein Datenverarbeitungsprozess, der das Verhalten eines Systems im Laufe der Zeit mit mathematischen oder rechnerischen Techniken modelliert
A Computing Process that models the behavior of a system over time using mathematical or computational techniques.
role of
this investigator role is a role of this person
a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
independent continuant
b is an independent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is no c such that b specifically depends on c or b generically depends on c
An atom; a molecule; an organism; a heart; a chair; the bottom right portion of a human torso; a leg; the interior of your mouth; a spatial region; an orchestra
Schmelzprozess
melting process
Ein Schmelzvorgang ist ein thermisch induzierter Prozess, bei dem ein festes Material einen Phasenübergang in einen flüssigen Zustand erfährt. Er beinhaltet die Absorption von Wärme und findet bei oder oberhalb des Schmelzpunkts des Materials statt.
A melting process is a thermally induced process during which a solid material undergoes a phase transition into a liquid state. It involves the absorption of heat and occurs at or above the material's melting point.
The process of melting aluminum ingots in preparation for extrusion.
has specified input
see is_input_of example_of_usage
The inverse property of is specified input of
8/17/09: specified inputs of one process are not necessarily specified inputs of a larger process that it is part of. This is in contrast to how 'has participant' works.
has specified output
The inverse property of is specified output of
Schmelze
melt
Eine Schmelze ist ein Objekt (eine materielle Einheit), das aufgrund des Phasenübergangs von einem Festkörper durch thermische Energiezufuhr in einem flüssigen Zustand vorliegt. In der Werkstoffkunde bezieht sich der Begriff in der Regel auf Metalle, Legierungen oder andere Stoffe, die oberhalb ihres Schmelzpunkts gehalten werden.
A melt is an object (material entity) that exists in a liquid state as a result of the phase transition from solid due to thermal energy input. In materials science, it typically refers to metals, alloys, or other substances maintained above their melting point.
A pool of molten steel during casting.
Herstellungsprozess
manufacturing process
Ein geplannter Prozess, der von der primären Absicht angetrieben wird, Objekte zu transformieren. Ein Herstellungsprozess ist immer ein Transformationsprozess.
A planned process that is driven by the primary intent to transform objects A manufacturing process is always a transformative process.
An electric arc furnace used in steelmaking.
Schmelzofen
melting furnace
Ein Schmelzofen ist ein Gerät, das eine Schmelzfunktion hat und in der Regel dazu dient, die Temperatur eines festen Materials zu erhöhen, um seine Umwandlung in eine Schmelze einzuleiten und aufrechtzuerhalten.
A melting furnace is a device that bears a melting function, typically designed to raise the temperature of a solid material to initiate and sustain its transformation into a melt.
Ofen
furnace
âFurnace.â Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/furnace. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023.
Eine geschlossene Struktur, in der Wärme erzeugt wird (z. B. zum Heizen eines Hauses oder zum Einschmelzen von Erz).
An enclosed structure in which heat is produced (as for heating a house or for reducing ore).
Schmelzfunktion
melting function
Eine Schmelzfunktion ist eine Heizfunktion, die es einem Gerät oder System ermöglicht, den Phasenübergang eines festen Materials in eine Flüssigkeit einzuleiten oder aufrechtzuerhalten, indem seine Temperatur über den Schmelzpunkt angehoben wird.
A melting function is a heating function that, when realized, enables a device or system to initiate or sustain the phase transition of a solid material into a liquid by raising its temperature above the melting point.
The function of an induction coil in a furnace to heat metal until it melts.
Wärmebehandlungsgerät
heat treatment device
Ein Gerät zur Behandlung von Materialien durch Erwärmungs- und Abkühlungsprozesse zur Veränderung ihrer Eigenschaften.
A device used for treating materials through heating and cooling processes to alter their properties.
Indicates whether the ontology element is part of the minimal profile of the ontology. Useful for modularization, simplified views, or lightweight implementations.
isInMinimalProfile
term tracker annotation
A term tracker annotation is an editor note used to track the history of an entity. For each change, it records the related GitHub issue and pull request.
hijacked from http://openenergy-platform.org/ontology/oeo/OEO_00020426
An editor note referring to a pattern which shows the usage of this class or property.
pattern example
input assignment
input assignment is a process boundary which is part of a computing process and which connects a material entity or i.c.e as input to the computing process
https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/184 https://github.com/pyiron/semantikon/pull/278
Datenverarbeitung
Rechenprozess
computing process
The subclass trees of "Computing Process" are currently still proposals and serve as a working basis for the discussion round with the simulation/workflow domain experts.
Ein Prozess, der die systematische Verwendung von rechnerischen Methoden und Werkzeugen umfasst, um Simulationen, Analysen oder Datenumwandlungen durchzuführen, um spezifische wissenschaftliche oder technische Ziele zu erreichen.
A process that involves the systematic use of computational methods and tools to perform simulations, analyses, or data transformations to achieve specific scientific or engineering goals.
has participant
this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot
this investigation has participant this investigator
this process has participant this input material (or this output material)
a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time.
output assignment
output assignment is a process boundary which is part of a computing process and which connects a material entity or i.c.e as output to the computing process
has state
relates a temporally qualified continuant to the unique anchor continuant that it is a temporal phase of
continuant
(Elucidation) A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity
A human being; a tennis ball; a cave; a region of space; someone's temperature
temporally qualified continuant
For any temporally qualified continuant x@t, there exists a continuant y such that x@t has_state y, meaning that y is the anchor continuant of which x@t is a temporal phase existing at temporal regions t. The relation has_state is functional and signifies that all such temporally qualified continuants are uniquely associated with their basic anchor continuant.
A temporally qualified continuant is a continuant that, by reference to a determinate temporal region, is such as to possess its properties only for so long as that period obtains, being otherwise in its essentiality unchanged.
is state of
mold device
A form used to cast an object of a desired shape.
Gerät
device
Ein physisches oder virtuelles Objekt, das verwendet wird, um eine bestimmte Funktion oder Aufgabe auszuführen, häufig im Zusammenhang mit der Messung, Manipulation oder Analyse von Materialien.
A physical or virtual entity used to perform a specific function or task, often involving measurement, manipulation, or analysis of materials.
Ab Initio MD Simulation
ab initio molecular dynamics simulation
Ein Simulationsprozess, der quantenmechanische Berechnungen verwendet, um das Verhalten molekularer Systeme ohne empirische Parameter vorherzusagen.
A Simulation Process that uses quantum mechanical calculations to predict the behavior of molecular systems without empirical parameters.
Simulating the electronic structure and dynamics of a new alloy to predict its mechanical properties.
accoustic absorption coefficient
The accoustic absorption coefficient is an accoustic property representing a measure of how much sound energy is absorbed by a material per unit area.
responds with
The realizable entity must be "stimulated" by some Stimulus in order to respond with the Response. The bearer of the realizable entity must participate in Stimulation as well as in Response.
emission of accoustic wave
The emission of (an) accoustic wave is a deformation describing the release of sound waves by a material or system, often due to vibration or stress.
accoustic property
An accoustic property is a mechanical property representing characteristics of a material that determine its interaction with sound waves, such as absorption, reflection, and transmission.
Akustische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren
acoustical property analyzing process
Eine Analyse, die die akustischen Eigenschaften von Materialien misst, indem es analysiert, wie Schallwellen mit dem Material interagieren. Dieser Prozess umfasst die Erzeugung von Schallwellen und die Beobachtung ihrer Reflexion, Ãbertragung, Absorption oder Streuung, um Eigenschaften wie akustische Impedanz, Absorptionskoeffizient und Schallgeschwindigkeit zu bestimmen.
An assay, that measures the acoustic properties of materials by analyzing how sound waves interact with the material. This process involves generating sound waves and observing their reflection, transmission, absorption, or scattering to determine properties such as acoustic impedance, absorption coefficient, and sound speed.
For example, acoustic emission testing (AET) is used to monitor the release of energy from a material under stress, which can indicate the onset of failure or the presence of defects.
assay
Assay the wavelength of light emitted by excited Neon atoms. Count of geese flying over a house.
A planned process that has the objective to produce information about a material entity (the evaluant) by examining it.
12/3/12: BP: the reference to the 'physical examination' is included to point out that a prediction is not an assay, as that does not require physical examiniation.
Discussion on OBI call 2023-05-01 resulted in an agreement to revise the textual definition of 'assay'. https://github.com/obi-ontology/obi/issues/1683.
OBI branch derived
Adhäsionsprüfverfahren
adhesion testing process
Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Stärke der Haftung zwischen zwei verklebten Oberflächen misst und die Qualität der Klebeverbindungen bewertet.
A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that measures the strength of adhesion between two bonded surfaces, assessing the quality of adhesive joints.
Adhesion testing of epoxy bonds in composite materials to ensure structural integrity in aircraft components.
Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren
mechanical property analyzing process
Eine Analyse, die die mechanischen Eigenschaften von Materialien bewertet, wie z.B. Festigkeit, Härte, Elastizität und Zugfestigkeit, oft durch Tests, die die Reaktion auf Kräfte und Lasten messen.
An assay that evaluates the mechanical characteristics of materials, such as strength, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties, often through tests that measure response to forces and loads.
Einstellungsgeräterolle
adjustment device role
A screwdriver used to adjust a grub screw.
Rolle eines Gerätes, das zum Einstellen eines anderen Gerätes (SubjectOfAdjustmentRole) verwendet wird. Die Rolle wird in einem Einstellungsprozess realisiert.
Role of a device that is used to adjust another device (SubjectOfAdjustmentRole). The role is realized in an adjustment process.
Rolle eines Gerätes
device role
Rolle, die ein Geräte inne haben kann.
Alterungsprozess
aging process
Das Aging oder Auslagern ist ein Anlassvorgang, der den Martensit (Härtungsgefüge) wieder duktil und verformbar macht. Dabei wird ein Agingvorgang genutzt, nämlich die Bildung von Ausscheidungen in Form von FeXCY - Carbiden
The process of hardening an alloy by a method that causes a constituent to precipitate from solid solution.
The Process of austenitizing and quenching a steel alloy to achieve a martensitic microstructure for hardness increase.
application of elastic impact
An application of (an) elastic impact represents an application of (a) mechanical load describing the process of applying a force or impact to a material to observe its elastic response.
application of mechanical load
An application of mechanical load is the process of applying force or stress to a material to observe its response or measure its properties.
Assemblierungsprozess
assembling process
A process to mount or demount a component.
Atomkraftmikroskop
atomic force microscope
Ein Atomkraftmikroskop (AFM) ist ein Messgerät, das die Oberflächentopographie von Materialien im Nanobereich durch Abtasten mit einer mechanischen Sonde kartiert.
An Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) is a Measuring Device that maps the surface topography of materials at the nanoscale by scanning it with a mechanical probe.
Mikroskop
microscope
Ein Gerät zur VergröÃerung und Betrachtung kleiner Objekte oder Details, die mit bloÃem Auge nicht sichtbar sind.
A device used to magnify and view small objects or details that are not visible to the naked eye.
atomic structure
The atomic structure is a material structure that describes the arrangement and composition of atoms in a material, influencing its physical and chemical properties.
object aggregate
(Elucidation) An object aggregate is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality (â¥1) of objects as member parts which together form a unit
The aggregate of the musicians in a symphony orchestra and their instruments; the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint; the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere; a collection of cells in a blood biobank
Atomistische Monte Carlo Simulation
atomistic monte carlo simulation
Ein Monte Carlo Simulationsprozess, der sich auf die atomare Skala konzentriert, bei dem die Eigenschaften und das Verhalten von Materialien durch die Betrachtung einzelner Atome und ihrer Wechselwirkungen modelliert werden.
A Monte Carlo Simulation process that focuses on the atomic scale, where the properties and behaviors of materials are modeled by considering individual atoms and their interactions.
Simulating the behavior of electrons in a new alloy to predict its electrical conductivity.
Monte Carlo Simulation
monte carlo simulation
Ein Simulationsprozess, der zufällige Stichproben verwendet, um physikalische und mathematische Probleme zu lösen.
A Simulation Process that uses random sampling to solve physical and mathematical problems.
Predicting the diffusion behavior of atoms in a metal at high temperatures.
Bandsäge
bandsaw
Eine Bandsäge ist eine Art von Säge, die ein kontinuierliches, endloses Sägeblatt in Form eines Bands verwendet. Dieses Sägeblatt ist in der Regel eine schmale, flexible Stahlklinge mit Zähnen entlang einer Kante. Die Bandsäge ist in eine geschlossene Schleife montiert und wird über zwei Räder geführt, von denen mindestens eines angetrieben wird. Die Funktionsweise der Bandsäge ermöglicht präzise und effiziente Schnitte in unterschiedlichen Materialien, einschlieÃlich Holz, Metall und Kunststoff.
A band saw is a type of saw that uses a continuous, endless saw blade in the form of a band. This blade is usually a narrow, flexible steel blade with teeth along one edge. The band saw is mounted in a closed loop and is guided by two wheels, at least one of which is driven. The operation of the band saw enables precise and efficient cuts to be made in a variety of materials, including wood, metal and plastic.
saw
Eine Säge ist ein Gerät, das zum Zerteilen von Materialien, insbesondere von Holz, verwendet wird. Sie besteht in der Regel aus einem dünnen, scharfen Metallblatt, das mit Zähnen versehen ist, und einem Griff oder Rahmen, der es dem Benutzer ermöglicht, die Säge zu führen. Es gibt verschiedene Arten von Sägen, die für verschiedene Anwendungen konzipiert sind, darunter Handsägen, Kreissägen, Bügelsägen und Bandsägen. Jede Art von Säge ist auf bestimmte Aufgaben und Materialien abgestimmt, um effizientes Schneiden zu ermöglichen.
Säge
A saw is a device used to cut materials, especially wood. It usually consists of a thin, sharp metal blade fitted with teeth and a handle or frame that allows the user to guide the saw. There are different types of saws designed for different applications, including handsaws, circular saws, hacksaws and band saws. Each type of saw is designed for specific tasks and materials to enable efficient cutting.
Biegeversuchmaschine
bending testing machine
Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Biegefestigkeit und Flexibilität von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Last und Messung der Verformung.
A device used to test the bending strength and flexibility of materials by applying a load and measuring deformation.
Biegeprüfverfahren
bending testing process
Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Biegekräfte misst und seine Biegefestigkeit und Steifigkeit bestimmt.
A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that measures the resistance of a material to bending forces, determining its flexural strength and stiffness.
Testing the flexural strength of a plastic beam to ensure it can withstand the required load in an engineering application.
Analyseverfahren der Biokompatibilität
biocompatibility analyzing process
Ein Biologisches Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Verträglichkeit eines Materials mit lebenden Geweben bewertet, um sicherzustellen, dass es keine nachteilige biologische Reaktion hervorruft.
A Biological Property Analyzing Process that evaluates the compatibility of a material with living tissues to ensure it does not provoke an adverse biological response.
An example of a biocompatibility analyzing process is an in vitro cell culture test, where cells are cultured in the presence of the implant material to observe any cytotoxic effects, such as changes in cell morphology, proliferation rate, or cell viability.
Biologische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren
biological property analyzing process
Eine Analyse, die die Wechselwirkung von Materialien mit biologischen Systemen untersucht, einschlieÃlich Biokompatibilität, Abbaubarkeit, Toxizität und der Auswirkungen von Materialien auf lebende Organismen und Zellen.
An assay that examines the interaction of materials with biological systems, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, toxicity, and the effects of materials on living organisms and cells.
Brinell 2.5 62.5 ISO 6506
A Brinell Hardness measured with 2.5mm diameter ball and a load of 62.5 kgf.
brinell hardness
The Brinell hardness is a scalar representing a measure of material hardness obtained by indenting the material with a steel or tungsten carbide ball under a specific load.
bulk modulus
The bulk modulus is an elastic modulus representing a measure of a material's resistance to uniform compression.
object
(Elucidation) An object is a material entity which manifests causal unity & is of a type instances of which are maximal relative to the sort of causal unity manifested
An organism; a fish tank; a planet; a laptop; a valve; a block of marble; an ice cube
bulk
The bulk is a fiat object part that describes the volume or mass of material considered as a whole, often in contrast to surface or interface phenomena.
elastic modulus
An elastic modulus is a measure of a material's stiffness, defined as the ratio of stress to strain in the elastic deformation region.
Brennen
burning
Firing
Ein Stoffeigenschaftsänderungsprozess, der das Brennen beinhaltet, bezieht sich in der Regel auf die Anwendung groÃer Hitze, die oft zu einer Verbrennung oder thermischen Zersetzung führt, um die physikalischen oder chemischen Eigenschaften eines Materials zu verändern, was zu Veränderungen wie Härtung, Ãnderung der chemischen Zusammensetzung oder Verringerung der Masse führt,
A changing the properties of material process that involves burning typically refers to the application of high heat, often resulting in combustion or thermal degradation, to alter the physical or chemical properties of a material, leading to changes like hardening, alteration in chemical composition, or reduction in mass,
Firing in Pottery
Stoffeigenschaft Ãndern
changing properties of material
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 5, 3.1.6 Stoffeigenschaften ändern - Definition
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 5, 3.1.6 Stoffeigenschaften ändern - Definition
Changing Of Material Properties
Property Alteration
Ein Herstellungsprozess, der die Merkmale des Materials, aus dem ein Werkstück gefertigt ist, modifiziert, was unter anderem durch Vorgänge im submikroskopischen oder atomaren Bereich erfolgt, wie etwa durch Atomdiffusion, die Versetzungsentstehung und -bewegung im Atomgitter oder durch chemische Reaktionen, wobei die dabei auftretenden Formveränderungen nicht charakteristisch für diese Verfahren sind.
A manufacturing process that modifies the characteristics of the material from which a workpiece is made, including by processes at the submicroscopic or atomic scale, such as atomic diffusion, dislocation formation and movement in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, whereby the resulting shape changes are not characteristic of these processes.
Heat Treatment
CNC-SchweiÃmaschine
cnc welding machine
Eine CNC-SchweiÃmaschine ist ein Gerät, das SchweiÃoperationen durch ein computergesteuertes System ausführt.
A CNC Welding Machine is a Device that performs welding operations controlled by a computer numerical control system.
CNC-Maschine
cnc machine
Eine CNC-Maschine ist eine Formmaschine, die zur präzisen Steuerung von Bearbeitungswerkzeugen für Schneid-, Bohr-, Fräs- und andere Aufgaben computergestützte numerische Steuerung verwendet.
A CNC Machine is a Forming Machine that uses computer numerical control to precisely control machining tools for cutting, drilling, milling, and other tasks.
SchweiÃgerät
welding device
Ein Gerät zum Verbinden von Materialien durch Schmelzen, üblicherweise unter Zugabe eines Füllmaterials.
A device used for joining materials by melting them together, typically with the addition of a filler material.
Kalibrierungsgeräterolle
calibration device role
Rolle eines Geräts, das zum Kalibirieren sich selbst oder eines anderen Gerätes, das die "Subject Of Calibration Role" inne hat, verwendet wird. Die Rolle wird in einem Kalibrierungsprozess realisiert.
Role of a device that is used for calibration of itself or another device, which has the "Subject Of Calibration Role". The role is realized in a calibration process.
Messschieber
caliper
Messgerät mit zwei in der Regel verstellbaren Armen, Schenkeln oder Klemmbacken, das vor allem zur Messung der Abmessungen von Gegenständen, wie z. B. des Durchmessers oder der Dicke, verwendet wird
A measuring device having two usually adjustable arms, legs, or jaws used especially to measure the dimensions of objects, such as diameters or thicknesses
Analyseverfahren für die chemische Zusammensetzung
chemical composition analyzing process
Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die chemische Zusammensetzung eines Materials bestimmt, indem es dessen Bestandteile und Verbindungen identifiziert und quantifiziert.
A Structural Property Analyzing Process that determines the chemical composition of a material by identifying and quantifying its constituent elements and compounds.
Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren
structural property analyzing process
Eine Analyse, die die äuÃere und innere Struktur und Morphologie von Materialien untersucht, einschlieÃlich der Anordnung von Atomen, Kristallen, Körnern und Phasen, oft unter Verwendung von Techniken wie Mikroskopie und Beugung.
An assay that examines the external and internal structure and morphology of materials, including the arrangement of atoms, crystals, grains, and phases, often using techniques like microscopy and diffraction.
Chemische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren
chemical property analyzing process
Eine Analyse, die die chemische Zusammensetzung, Reaktivität und chemische Stabilität von Materialien bestimmt, einschlieÃlich der Identifizierung und Quantifizierung chemischer Elemente und Verbindungen.
An assay that determines the chemical composition, reactivity, and chemical stability of materials, including the identification and quantification of chemical elements and compounds.
Chromatographiefunktion
chromatography function
Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um Verbindungen in einer Mischung basierend auf ihrer Verteilung zwischen einer stationären Phase und einer mobilen Phase zu trennen.
A function performed to separate compounds in a mixture based on their distribution between a stationary phase and a mobile phase.
Tischkreissäge
circular table saw
Eine stationäre Kreissäge, die in eine Tischplatte eingebaut ist. Sie wird oft in Werkstätten für präzise Holzschnitte verwendet.
A stationary circular saw that is built into a table top. It is often used in workshops for precise wood cuts.
Kreissäge
circular saw
Die Kreissäge ist eine elektrische oder motorisierte Säge, die durch ein rundes, kreisförmiges Sägeblatt angetrieben wird. Das Sägeblatt einer Kreissäge ist mit Zähnen entlang seines Randes ausgestattet, die dazu dienen, das Material zu schneiden, wenn es in die Säge eingespeist wird. Kreissägen sind vielseitige Werkzeuge und können für verschiedene Materialien wie Holz, Metall, Kunststoff und sogar Gestein verwendet werden, abhängig vom spezifischen Sägeblatt, das installiert ist.
The circular saw is an electric or motorized saw that is powered by a round, circular saw blade. The blade of a circular saw is equipped with teeth along its edge that are used to cut the material as it is fed into the saw. Circular saws are versatile tools and can be used for different materials such as wood, metal, plastic and even rock, depending on the specific saw blade that is installed.
Reinigen
cleaning
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8592
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8592
Ein Trennprozess, bei dem unerwünschtes Material von einer Oberfläche durch Reinigungsmethoden entfernt wird, die Verfahren wie Strahlen, Waschen oder chemische Reinigung umfassen können.
A Seperating process that involves removing unwanted material from a surface through cleaning methods, which may include processes like blasting, washing, or chemical cleaning.
Chemical Cleaning, Mechanical Cleaning
Trennen
separating
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 4, 3.1.3 Trennen - Definition
Ein Herstellungsprozess, bei dem die Bindung zwischen Objekten aufgehoben wird, was zu einer teilweisen oder vollständigen Verringerung der Kohäsion führt.
A manufacturing process in which the bond between objects is broken, resulting in a partial or complete reduction in cohesion.
Disassembling, Removal
Cutting
Coarse Grained Simulation
coarse grained simulation
Ein Multiskalensimulation Prozess, der das System vereinfacht, indem Atome oder Moleküle zu gröÃeren Partikeln zusammengefasst werden, wodurch die Rechenkomplexität verringert wird und die Untersuchung gröÃerer Systeme oder längerer Zeitskalen ermöglicht wird.
multiscale simulation process that simplifies the system by grouping atoms or molecules into larger particles, thereby reducing computational complexity and allowing for the study of larger systems or longer time scales
In materials science, coarse-grained simulations are often used to study the mechanical properties of polymers. For instance, in the simulation of polymer chains, each segment of the chain might represent a group of several monomers, rather than modeling every single atom. This approach allows researchers to investigate the behavior of polymeric materials over larger scales and longer time periods, such as the viscoelastic properties of a polymer melt.
Multiskalensimulation
multiscale simulation
Ein Simulationsprozess, der Modelle auf verschiedenen Skalen integriert, um das Verhalten eines Systems zu untersuchen.
A Simulation Process that integrates models at different scales to study a system's behavior.
Studying the interaction between microstructural and macroscopic properties in metallic alloys.
Beschichtungsanwendungsfunktion
coating application function
Eine Unterfunktion der Beschichtung, die durchgeführt wird, um eine Beschichtung auf eine Oberfläche aufzutragen.
A subfunction of coating performed to apply a coating to a surface.
Beschichtungsfunktion
coating function
Eine Funktion, die ausgeführt wird, um eine Schicht oder Beschichtung auf eine Oberfläche aufzutragen, um deren Eigenschaften oder Aussehen zu verbessern.
A function performed to apply a layer or coating to a surface to enhance its properties or appearance.
Beschichten Durch Löten
coating by soldering
Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung mittels Löten beinhaltet.
A Coating process that involves applying a coating using soldering techniques.
Applying a protective solder layer on electronic circuit boards.
Beschichten
coating
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 5, 3.1.5 Beschichten - Definition
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 5, 3.1.5 Beschichten - Definition
Ein Herstellungsprozess, der darauf abzielt, eine dauerhaft haftende Schicht aus einem Material ohne Form auf ein Werkstück aufzubringen, wobei der unmittelbare Zustand des Beschichtungsmaterials direkt vor dem Auftragen entscheidend ist.
A manufacturing process that aims to deposit a permanently adhering layer of a material without a form onto a workpiece, whereby the immediate state of the coating material directly before application is essential.
Chemical Vapour Deposition, Physical Vapour Deposition
Beschichten Durch Schweissen
coating by welding
Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung mittels SchweiÃen beinhaltet.
A Coating process that involves applying a coating using welding techniques.
Cladding a metal surface with a corrosion-resistant alloy using weld overlay.
Beschichtungsgerät
coating device
Ein Gerät zum Auftragen einer Beschichtung oder Schicht auf Materialien zur Verbesserung ihrer Eigenschaften oder ihres Aussehens.
A device used for applying a coating or layer to materials to enhance their properties or appearance.
Beschichten Aus Dem Gasförmigen Oder Dampfförmigen Zustand
coating from the gaseous or vapour state
Vakuumbeschichten
Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem gasförmigen oder dampfförmigen Zustand beinhaltet.
A Coating process that involves applying a coating from a gaseous or vapor state.
Applying a thin film of material using chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
Beschichten Aus Dem Körnigen Oder Pulverförmigen Zustand
coating from the granular or powdery state
Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem körnigen oder pulverförmigen Zustand beinhaltet.
A Coating process that involves applying a coating from a granular or powdery state.
Powder coating of metal parts.
Beschichten Aus Dem Ionisierten Zustand
coating from the ionized state
Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem ionisierten Zustand beinhaltet.
A Coating process that involves applying a coating from an ionized state.
Plasma spraying of ceramic coatings.
Beschichten Aus Dem Flüssigen Zustand
coating from the liquid state
Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem flüssigen Zustand beinhaltet.
A Coating process that involves applying a coating from a liquid state.
Electroplating of metals.
Beschichten Aus Dem Plastischen Zustand
coating from the plastic state
Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem plastischen Zustand beinhaltet.
A Coating process that involves applying a coating from a plastic state.
Applying a plastic film through hot melt coating.
Beschichten Aus Dem Breiigen Oder Pastösen Zustand
coating from the pulpy or pasty state
Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem breiigen oder pastösen Zustand beinhaltet.
A Coating process that involves applying a coating from a pulpy or pasty state.
Painting, a protective layer of plaster on walls.
Farbmessgerät
colorimeter
Ein Gerät zur Messung der Farbe einer Probe, häufig verwendet in der Qualitätskontrolle und Materialanalyse.
A device used to measure the color of a sample, often used in quality control and material analysis.
composite material
A Composite Material is an Engineered Material that 'consists of' some Material that has a Matrix role and of some Material that has a Filler role.
We recognize that some of the materials in the subclasses also occur naturally. However, these are not within the scope of our consideration for technical use.
engineered material
An Engineered Material is a Material that is output of a Manufacturing Process.
matrix role
Matrix is the role of a PortionOfConnectedMatter that implies to host the Filler.
filler role
Filler is the role of a PortionOfDisconnectedMatter that implies being hosted in a Matrix.
Zusammensetzen
compounding
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-1
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-1
Putting Together
Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem verschiedene Komponenten oder Unterbaugruppen zu einer komplexen Einheit zusammengefügt werden. Es wird üblicherweise in Fertigungsprozessen verwendet, bei denen mehrere Teile zu einem Endprodukt zusammengefügt werden.
A joining process that involves assembling various components or sub-assemblies to form a complex unit, commonly used in manufacturing processes where multiple parts are put together to create a final product.
Interlocking, Layering
Fügen
joining
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 5, 3.1.4 Fügen - Definition & DIN 8593-0
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 5, 3.1.4 Fügen - Definition & DIN 8593-0
Ein Herstellungsprozess, der das dauerhafte Verbinden oder das Zusammenfügen von zwei oder mehr Werkstücken mit spezifischer, fester Form oder von solchen Werkstücken mit einem formlosen Material ermöglicht, wobei der Zusammenhalt an spezifischen Stellen erzeugt und insgesamt verstärkt wird.
A manufacturing process that enables the continuous bonding or joining of two or more workpieces with a specific, fixed shape or of such workpieces with a shapeless material, whereby the cohesion is created at specific points and reinforced overall.
Joining By Welding, Assembling
Compoundiermaschine
compounding machine
Ein Gerät zur Mischung oder Compoundierung von Materialien, um gewünschte Eigenschaften zu erreichen.
A device used for mixing or compounding materials to achieve desired properties.
Druckprüfmaschine
compression testing machine
Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Druckfestigkeit von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Druckkraft.
A device used to test the compressive strength of materials by applying a compressive force.
Druckprüfverfahren
compression testing process
Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das das Verhalten eines Materials unter Druckkräften bestimmt und seine Druckfestigkeit und seinen Druckmodul misst.
A Mechanical Property Analyzing Processs that determines a material's behavior under compressive forces, measuring its compressive strength and modulus.
Compression testing of concrete samples to ensure they meet the required strength standards for construction.
Konditionierungsprozess
conditioning process
Diese Aktivität beschreibt den Prozess und die MaÃnahmen, die ergriffen werden, um einen materiellen Gegenstand auf vordefinierte Umgebungsbedingungen einzustellen.
This activity describes the process of and the measures taken to set a tangible object to pre-defined environmental conditions.
continuous simulation
a simulation approach where changes in a system are modeled continuously over time.
simulation method specification
A plan specification that specifies the method of creating a computational or physical model to replicate the behavior of a material or system under specific conditions.
corpuscular irradiation
The corpuscular irradiation is an irradiation describing the exposure of a material to streams of particles, such as electrons or ions.
irradiation process
An irradiation process is a process in which a radiation source (bearing a stimulus role) emits radiation towards a material entity (bearing the target role)
Kriechprüfmaschine
creep testing machine
Ein Gerät zur Prüfung des Kriechverhaltens von Materialien unter konstanter Belastung bei hohen Temperaturen.
A device used to test the creep behavior of materials under constant stress at high temperatures.
Kriechprüfverfahren
creep testing process
Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Verformung eines Materials über die Zeit unter konstanter Belastung und Temperatur bewertet und sein Kriechverhalten bestimmt.
A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that evaluates a material's deformation over time under constant stress and temperature, determining its creep behavior.
Creep testing of turbine blades to ensure they can withstand prolonged high temperatures without deforming.
Kryogefrierschrank
cryogenic freezer
Ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um Materialien bei extrem niedrigen Temperaturen zu konservieren, typischerweise unter -150°C.
Ein Kryogefrierschrank ist ein Temperaturwechselgerät, das Materialien bei extrem niedrigen Temperaturen konserviert, oft unter -150°C.
A Cryogenic Freezer is a Temperature Change Device that preserves materials at extremely low temperatures, often below -150°C.
A device used to preserve materials at extremely low temperatures, typically below -150°C.
Temperaturänderungswerkzeug
temperature change device
Diese Entität beschreibt allgemein jedes Werkzeug, das zur Ãnderung und Einstellung der Temperatur eines materiellen Objekts oder der Umgebung verwendet wird, z. B. einen Ofen und Kühlmittel.
A device that is used for the alteration and adjustment of the temperature of a tangible object or the environment, e.g., a furnace and cooling media.
deteriorative property
The deteriorative property is a material property representing characteristics that describe the susceptibility of a material to degradation over time.
application of substance
The application of (a) substance is the process of applying a material or substance to a surface or within a system.
Technical materials are complex object aggregates. The properties that are determined for those object aggregates are intrinsically associated with the methodologies employed in the measurement process. This is in contrast to typical 'physical' properties, which like e.g. mass that can be determined to high accuracy independently of the measurement process. As a consequence, the behavoiral material properties in the ontology are differeciated according to their measurement method, e.g. Brinell hardness and Vickers hardness are different types of indentation hardness rather than different measures/quantification (GDC) of the materials property 'indentation hardness'. The 'unit idenifieres' of such properties (e.g. "HV1", "HV10", "HBW") are strictly speaking not units but rather references to the measurement methodology used to determine a numeric value that quantifies the property.
behavioral material property
A property is a material trait in terms of the kind and magnitude of response to a specific imposed stimulus. Generally, definitions of properties are made independent of material shape and size. (Callister, W.D., Rethwisch, D.G., Materials Science and Engineering, Wiley, 2014) We only deal with intensive (system-size independent) materrial properties. Extensive properties that depend on the testpiece/specimen/probe size should be found in the respective testing method modules.
deterministic simulation
a simulation approach where outcomes are precisely determined through known relationships without random variability.
dielectric constant
The dielectric constant is an electrical property representing a measure of a material's ability to store electrical energy in an electric field.
electrical property
An electrical property is a material property that represents the characteristics of a material that determine its behavior under the influence of an electric field, such as conductivity, resistivity, and permittivity.
electrical conductivity
The electrical conductivity is an electrical property describing the ability of a material to conduct electric current, influenced by its structure and composition.
Differential-Scanning-Kalorimeter
differential scanning calorimeter
Ein Gerät zur Messung des Wärmeflusses, der mit Phasenübergängen in einer Probe in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur verbunden ist.
A device used to measure the heat flow associated with phase transitions in a sample as a function of temperature.
Dynamische Differenzkalorimetrie-Verfahren
differential scanning calorimetry process
Ein Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das den Wärmestrom in oder aus einem Material misst, während es erhitzt, gekühlt oder bei konstanter Temperatur gehalten wird, um seine thermischen Ãbergänge wie Schmelzen, Kristallisation und Glasübergänge zu bestimmen.
A Thermal Property Analyzing Process that measures the heat flow into or out of a material as it is heated, cooled, or held at a constant temperature, determining its thermal transitions such as melting, crystallization, and glass transitions.
Differential scanning calorimetry of a polymer to determine its melting temperature and crystallization behavior.
DSC
Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren
thermal property analyzing process
Eine Analyse, die das thermische Verhalten von Materialien misst, einschlieÃlich Wärmekapazität, Wärmeleitfähigkeit, thermischer Ausdehnung und Phasenübergängen in Reaktion auf Temperaturänderungen.
An assay that measures the thermal behavior of materials, including heat capacity, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, and phase transitions in response to temperature changes.
abbreviation
A textual annotation used to specify a commonly accepted abbreviation, acronym, or shortened form of a class label. This property is intended to support concise referencing of ontology classes, especially when standard abbreviations are widely used in practice.
"DNA" for "Deoxyribonucleic Acid"
Differenzthermoanalyse-Verfahren
differential thermal analysis process
Ein Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Temperaturdifferenz zwischen einer Probe und einem Referenzmaterial misst, während sie einem kontrollierten Temperaturprogramm unterzogen werden, um Phasenübergänge und Reaktionen zu identifizieren.
A Thermal Property Analyzing Process that measures the temperature difference between a sample and a reference material as they are subjected to a controlled temperature program, identifying phase transitions and reactions.
Differential thermal analysis of a ceramic material to identify its phase transition temperatures and reaction kinetics.
DTA
Differentialthermometer
differential thermal analyzer
Ein Gerät zur Messung des Temperaturunterschieds zwischen einer Probe und einem Referenzmaterial beim Erhitzen oder Abkühlen.
A device used to measure the temperature difference between a sample and a reference material as they are heated or cooled.
Dimensionierungsfunktion
dimension measuring function
Eine Unterfunktion des Messens, die durchgeführt wird, um die Abmessungen eines Objekts oder Materials zu bestimmen.
A subfunction of measuring performed to determine the dimensions of an object or material.
Messfunktion
measuring function
Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um das AusmaÃ, die Menge oder den Zustand einer physikalischen Eigenschaft zu bestimmen.
A function performed to determine the magnitude, quantity, or extent of a physical property or condition.
Dimensions Messprozess
dimension measuring process
Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die physikalischen Dimensionen eines Materials oder Objekts, wie Länge, Breite, Höhe, Durchmesser und Dicke, mit hoher Genauigkeit und Präzision bestimmt.
A Structural Property Analyzing Process that determines the physical dimensions of a material or object, such as length, width, height, diameter, and thickness, with high accuracy and precision.
Zerlegen
disassembling
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8591
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8591
Ein Trennprozess, bei dem eine zusammengesetzte oder montierte Einheit in ihre Einzelteile oder Abschnitte zerlegt wird.
A Seperating process that involves disassembling a composite or assembled unit into its constituent parts or sections.
Dismantling, Emptying
discrete-event simulation
a simulation method where events are processed at distinct points in time, commonly used for modeling systems with discrete state changes.
Zerteilen
dividing
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8588
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8588
Ein Trennprozess, bei dem das Material durch Techniken wie Scherschneiden, Spalten, ReiÃen oder Brechen in verschiedene Teile zerlegt wird. Es wird in der Regel bei Prozessen eingesetzt, bei denen eine genaue Kontrolle über den Schnitt weniger wichtig ist.
A Seperating process that involves separating material into distinct parts using techniques like shear cutting, splitting, tearing, or breaking, typically employed in processes where precise control over the cut is less critical.
Shearing, Cracking
Bohrmaschine
drilling machine
Eine Bohrmaschine ist ein Gerät, das Löcher in ein Werkstück durch ein sich drehendes Bohrwerkzeug erzeugt.
A Drilling Machine is a Device that creates holes in a workpiece by means of a rotating drill bit.
Formmaschine
forming machine
Ein Gerät zur Formgebung von Materialien unter verschiedenen Bedingungen, einschlieÃlich Zug-, Druck- und Scherbedingungen.
A device used for shaping materials under various conditions, including tensile, compressive, and shearing.
Dynamisch-mechanische Analyse-Verfahren
dynamic mechanical analysis process
Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, welcher die mechanischen Eigenschaften eines Materials in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur, Zeit, Frequenz und Spannung misst und dessen viskoelastisches Verhalten bestimmt.
A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that measures the mechanical properties of a material as a function of temperature, time, frequency, and stress, determining its viscoelastic behavior.
Dynamic mechanical analysis of a rubber compound to assess its stiffness and damping properties over a range of temperatures.
DMA
Dynamischer mechanischer Analysator
dynamic mechanical analyzer
Ein Gerät zur Messung der mechanischen Eigenschaften von Materialien als Funktion von Temperatur, Frequenz und Zeit.
A device used to measure the mechanical properties of materials as a function of temperature, frequency, and time.
Elektrische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren
electrical property analyzing process
Eine Analyse, die die elektrischen Eigenschaften von Materialien bestimmt, einschlieÃlich elektrischer Leitfähigkeit, Widerstand, dielektrischer Festigkeit und elektrischer Ladungsspeicherkapazitäten.
An assay that determines the electrical properties of materials, including electrical conductivity, resistivity, dielectric strength, and electrical charge storage capabilities.
ElektronenstrahlschweiÃmaschine
electron beam welding machine
Eine ElektronenstrahlschweiÃmaschine ist ein SchweiÃgerät, das einen hochgeschwindigen Elektronenstrahl verwendet, um Materialien miteinander zu verschmelzen, typischerweise in einer Vakuumumgebung.
An Electron Beam Welding Machine is a Welding Device that uses a high-velocity electron beam to fuse materials together, typically in a vacuum environment.
Elektronenmikroskop
electron microscope
âElectron microscope.â Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/electron%20microscope. Accessed 24 Nov. 2022.
Ein Gerät, das einen Elektronenstrahl verwendet, um hochauflösende Bilder der Oberfläche oder Struktur einer Probe zu erstellen.
A device that uses a beam of electrons to create high-resolution images of a sample's surface or structure.
An electron-optical instrument in which a beam of electrons is used to produce an enlarged image of a minute object.
Elektronenmikroskopie
electron microscopy
Ein Mikroskopieverfahren, das einen Elektronenstrahl verwendet, um ein Bild eines Objekts zu erzeugen, wodurch eine hochauflösende Visualisierung der Oberfläche und der inneren Strukturen des Materials ermöglicht wird.
A Microscopy Process that uses a beam of electrons to create an image of an object, allowing for high-resolution visualization of the material's surface and internal structures.
An example of an electron microscopy process is Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), which provides detailed images of the surface topography and composition of a material. Another example is Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), which can visualize the internal structure of a sample at atomic resolution.
Mikroskopie Verfahren
microscopy process
Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das verschiedene Arten von Mikroskopietechniken verwendet, um die Mikrostruktur und Morphologie von Materialien auf verschiedenen Ebenen zu visualisieren und zu analysieren.
A Structural Property Analyzing Process that uses various types of microscopy techniques to visualize and analyze the microstructure and morphology of materials at different scales.
Examples of Microscopy Processes include Electron Microscopy, which provides detailed images at high resolution; Ion Microscopy, which offers high-precision imaging and material milling capabilites; and Optical Microscopy, which uses visible light to study e.g. the microstructure of materials.
Mikroskopie
Elektronenspektroskopie
electron spectroscopy
Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das die Energieverteilung von Elektronen untersucht, die aus einer Probe emittiert werden, wenn diese mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung bestrahlt oder mit Teilchen bombardiert wird.
A Spectroscopy Process, that studies the energy distribution of electrons emitted from a sample when it is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation or bombarded with particles.
Examples are e.g. Auger electron spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, secondary electron spectroscopy.
Spektroskopie Verfahren
spectroscopy process
Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Wechselwirkung von elektromagnetischer Strahlung mit Materie misst, um die Zusammensetzung, Struktur und physikalischen Eigenschaften von Materialien zu bestimmen.
A Structural Property Analyzing Process that measures the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter to determine e.g. the composition, structure, and other properties of materials.
emission of corpuscular radiation
The emission of corpuscular radiation is an emission of radiation describing the release of particle-based radiation, such as alpha or beta particles, from a material or system.
emission of radiation
The emission radiation is a process describing the release of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles from a material.
emission of wave radiation
The emission of wave radioation is an emission of radiation describing the release of energy in the form of waves, such as electromagnetic or acoustic waves, by a material or system.
Empirische Potential MD Simulation
empirical potential molecular dynamics simulation
Ein Simulationsprozess, der empirische Potentiale verwendet, die aus experimentellen Daten abgeleitet sind, um das Verhalten molekularer Systeme zu modellieren.
A Simulation Process that uses empirical potentials derived from experimental data to model the behavior of molecular systems.
Simulating the diffusion of atoms in a crystal using Lennard-Jones potentials.
Umweltschrank
environmental chamber
Ein Gerät zur Simulation von Umweltbedingungen wie Temperatur, Feuchtigkeit und Druck zur Prüfung von Materialien und Geräten.
A device used to simulate environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and pressure to test materials and devices.
extensometer
âExtensometer.â Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/extensometer. Accessed 5 Dec. 2022.
A device for measuring minute deformations of test specimens caused by tension, compression, bending, or twisting.
Materialermüdungsprüfmaschine
fatigue testing machine
Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Ermüdungsresistenz von Materialien, indem diese wiederholten Belastungszyklen ausgesetzt werden.
A device used to test the fatigue resistance of materials by subjecting them to repeated stress cycles.
Ermüdungsprüfverfahren
fatigue testing process
Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Fähigkeit eines Materials bewertet, zyklischen Belastungen standzuhalten, und seine Ermüdungslebensdauer und -grenze bestimmt.
A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that assesses a material's ability to withstand cyclic loading, determining its fatigue life and endurance limit.
Fatigue testing of metal components in bridges to predict their lifespan under repetitive loading conditions.
Füllen
filling
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-2
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-2
Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem ein Füllmaterial verwendet wird, um Teile zu verbinden.
A joining process that involves the use of a filler material to connect parts.
Impregnating, Soaking
Durchflusszytometer
flow cytometer
Ein Durchflusszytometer ist ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um die physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften einer Zell- oder Partikelpopulation zu messen.
A Flow Cytometer is a Device used to measure the physical and chemical characteristics of a population of cells or particles.
Kraftmessfunktion
force measuring function
Eine Unterfunktion des Messens, die durchgeführt wird, um die auf ein Objekt ausgeübte oder von ihm ausgeübte Kraft zu bestimmen.
A subfunction of measuring performed to determine the force applied to or by an object.
formation of notch or scratch
The formation of (a) notch or (a) scratch is a process that describes the creation of small surface imperfections, which can influence a material's mechanical properties.
Biegeumformen
forming by bending
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8586
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8586
Ein Umform Prozess, der das Biegen von Materialien beinhaltet und typischerweise bei der Bearbeitung von Blechen, Rohren oder Profilen zu gekrümmten Formen oder Winkeln eingesetzt wird, wie es in der Metallverarbeitung und in der verarbeitenden Industrie üblich ist.
A forming process that involves bending materials, typically used in manipulating sheets, tubes, or profiles into curved shapes or angles, common in metalworking and fabrication industries.
Bending With Linear Die Movement, Bending With Rotary Die Movement
Umformen
forming
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 4, 3.1.2 Umformen - Definition
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 4, 3.1.2 Umformen - Definition
Shaping
Ein Herstellungsprozess, der durch plastische Umformung die Gestalt eines festen Körpers verändert, wobei sowohl die Masse als auch die strukturelle Integrität erhalten bleiben.
A manufacturing process that changes the shape of a solid body through plastic deformation while retaining both mass and structural integrity.
Tension Forming, Compression Forming
Zugdruckumformen
forming under compressive and tensile conditions
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8584-1
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8584-1
Ein Umform Prozess, bei dem sowohl Zug- als auch Druckkräfte auf ein Material ausgeübt werden.
A forming process that involves applying both tensile and compressive forces to a material.
Stripping, Deep Drawing, Spinning
Druckumformen
forming under compressive conditions
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8583-1
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8583-1
Ein Umform Prozess, bei dem Materialien unter Druck verformt werden. Er wird üblicherweise bei Techniken wie Walzen und Gesenkformen eingesetzt, bei denen Metall durch Druck in Form gebracht wird.
A forming process that involves deforming materials under compressive forces, commonly used in techniques like rolling and die forming where metal is shaped by applying pressure.
Rolling, Coining
Schubumformen
forming under shearing conditions
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8587
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8587
Ein Umform Prozess, bei dem Werkstoffe durch Verschieben oder Verdrehen verformt werden. Es wird häufig bei Verfahren verwendet, bei denen Werkstoffe durch Anwendung von Torsionskräften geformt werden.
A forming process that involves displacement or twisting materials to achieve deformation, often used in operations where materials are shaped by applying torsional forces.
Twisting, Displacement
Zugumformen
forming under tensile conditions
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8585-1
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8585-1
Ein Umform Prozess, bei dem Materialien gestreckt oder gedehnt werden, um die gewünschten Abmessungen oder Formen zu erreichen.
A forming process that involves stretching or elongating materials to achieve desired dimensions or shapes.
Expanding, Stretch Forming
Bruchzähigkeitsprüfverfahren
fracture toughness testing process
Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Fähigkeit eines Materials bewertet, der Rissausbreitung zu widerstehen, und seine Bruchzähigkeit bestimmt.
A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that assesses a material's ability to resist crack propagation, determining its fracture toughness.
Measuring the fracture toughness of ceramic materials used in aerospace components to ensure reliability under stress.
Gaschromatographie Verfahren
gas chromatography process
Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das Verbindungen trennt und analysiert, die ohne Zersetzung verdampft werden können, indem ein Gas als mobile Phase und eine feste oder flüssige stationäre Phase verwendet wird.
A Chromatography Process that separates and analyzes compounds that can be vaporized without decomposition, using a gas as the mobile phase and a solid or liquid stationary phase.
Gas chromatography is used to analyze the composition of volatile organic compounds in a polymer matrix.
Chromatographieverfahren
chromatography process
Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Trennung und Analyse von Verbindungen in einem Gemisch durch ihre Verteilung zwischen einer mobilen und einer stationären Phase ermöglicht.
A Structural Property Analyzing Process that enables the separation and analysis of compounds in a mixture by their distribution between a mobile and a stationary phase.
Gel-Permeations-Chromatographie Verfahren
gel permeation chromatography process
Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das Moleküle basierend auf ihrer GröÃe trennt, indem die Probe durch eine poröse Gelmatrix geleitet wird, auch bekannt als GröÃenausschlusschromatographie.
A Chromatography Process that separates molecules based on their size by passing the sample through a porous gel matrix, also known as size exclusion chromatography.
Gel permeation chromatography is used to determine the molecular weight distribution of a polymer sample.
Gelpermeations-Chromatographiesystem
gel permeation chromatography system
Ein Gerät zur Trennung und Analyse von Polymeren basierend auf ihrer MolekülgröÃe durch Gelpermeationschromatographie.
A device used for separating and analyzing polymers based on their molecular size using gel permeation chromatography.
Chromatographiesystem
chromatography system
Ein Gerät zur Trennung von Gemischen in einzelne Komponenten unter Verwendung einer chromatographischen Säule und einer mobilen Phase.
A device used for separating mixtures into individual components using a chromatographic column and a mobile phase.
Generatives Deep Learning
generative deep learning
Ein Deep Learning-Prozess, der Modelle erstellt, die in der Lage sind, neue Dateninstanzen zu erzeugen, die den Trainingsdaten ähneln.
A Deep Learning process that involves creating models capable of generating new data instances that resemble the training data.
Using generative adversarial networks to design new molecular structures with desired properties, such as improved conductivity or strength.
Deep Learning
deep learning
Ein Simulationsprozess, der künstliche neuronale Netze mit vielen Schichten verwendet, um komplexe Muster in Daten zu modellieren.
A Simulation Process that employs artificial neural networks with many layers to model complex patterns in data.
Using deep learning to predict the formation of defects in crystalline materials.
Kleben
glueing
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-8
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-8
Bonding
Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem Klebstoffe verwendet werden, um Materialien miteinander zu verbinden. Es eignet sich für eine Vielzahl von Materialien, darunter Metalle, Kunststoffe und Verbundstoffe, und wird in verschiedenen Anwendungen von der Automobilindustrie bis zur Luft- und Raumfahrt eingesetzt.
A joining process that involves using adhesives to bond materials together, suitable for a wide range of materials including metals, plastics, and composites, and used in various applications from automotive to aerospace.
Bonding With Physically Hardening Adhesives, Bonding With Chemically Hardening Adhesives (Reaction Bonding)
Korn
crystal grain
A crystal grain is a crystal that is continuant part of a polycrystal.
crystal
A crystal is an object that has part some entities that concretize a Bravais lattice.
Gravimetrischer Analysator
gravimetric analyzer
Ein Gerät zur Messung der Masse einer Probe zur Bestimmung ihrer Zusammensetzung oder Konzentration.
A device used to measure the mass of a sample to determine its composition or concentration.
Gravimetrisches Analyseverfahren
gravimetrical analyzing process
Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Menge einer Substanz durch ihre Masse misst und dabei häufig die Fällung, Filtration, Trocknung und Wägung der Substanz umfasst.
A Structural Property Analyzing Process that measures the quantity of a substance by its mass, often involving the precipitation, filtration, drying, and weighing of the substance.
An example of a Gravimetrical Analyzing Process is the determination of sulfate content in a sample by precipitating it as barium sulfate, filtering, drying, and weighing the precipitate.
Schleifmaschine
grinding machine
Eine Schleifmaschine ist eine Formmaschine, die ein Schleifrad verwendet, um Material von der Oberfläche eines Werkstücks zu entfernen, typischerweise für Feinarbeiten oder Präzisionsarbeiten.
A Grinding Machine is a Forming Machine that uses an abrasive wheel to remove material from the surface of a workpiece, typically for finishing or precision work.
Halterungsklemmen
grips
Diese Gerät beschreibt ein Bauelement / Teil, mit dem etwas, normalerweise ein materielles Objekt, fest gegriffen oder eingespannt wird. Typischerweise sind Halterungen, Klemm- bzw. Spannsysteme Teil eines Befestigungssystems (Prozessknoten), das sich auf ein Prüfsystem bezieht.
This device is a part by which something, usually a tangible object, is grasped. Typically, grips are part of a mounting system (processing node) referring to a testing system.
Bügelsäge
hacksaw
Eine Bügelsäge ist eine Art Handsäge zum Schneiden verschiedener Materialien, insbesondere Metall. Sie besteht aus einem fein gezahnten Blatt, das in einem Rahmen gespannt ist, und einem Griff. Der Rahmen einer Bügelsäge ist in der Regel C-förmig, so dass das Blatt bei Bedarf leicht ausgewechselt werden kann. Bügelsägen werden häufig bei der Metallbearbeitung und anderen Anwendungen eingesetzt, bei denen ein kontrollierter und präziser Schnitt durch Metall erforderlich ist. Die feinen Zähne des Sägeblatts ermöglichen ein effizientes Schneiden durch Metall, und der gespannte Rahmen sorgt für Stabilität während des Schneidens. Bügelsägen sind vielseitige Werkzeuge und werden häufig für Aufgaben wie das Schneiden von Rohren, Stangen und Blechen verwendet. Sie sind in verschiedenen GröÃen und Zahnkonfigurationen erhältlich, um verschiedenen Schneidanforderungen gerecht zu werden.
A hacksaw is a hand saw designed for cutting various materials, particularly metal. It consists of a fine-toothed blade, tensioned in a frame, and a handle. The frame of a hacksaw is typically C-shaped, allowing the blade to be easily replaced when necessary. Hacksaws are commonly used in metalworking and other applications where a controlled and precise cut through metal is required. The fine teeth on the hacksaw blade enable it to cut through metal with efficiency, and the tensioned frame provides stability during the cutting process. Hacksaws are versatile tools and are often used for tasks such as cutting pipes, rods, and metal sheets. They are available in different sizes and tooth configurations to suit various cutting needs.
half-life
The half-life is a process attribute describing the time it takes for a material entity or a quality of a material entity to reduce its initial value to a half
radioactive decay, material degradation
Handkreissäge
hand circular saw
Die Handkreissäge is eine tragbare Kreissäge, die von Hand geführt wird. Sie eignet sich gut für präzise Schnitte bei Bau- und Holzarbeiten.
A handheld circular saw is a portable circular saw that is guided by hand. It is well suited for precise cuts in construction and woodwork.
has disposition
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
in der Hand haltbar
hand holdable disposition
Disposion eines Objektes, das per Hand gehalten, betrieben oder verwendet werden kann.
Disposition of an object that can be hold, operated or used manually.
hand held device
A device that has the disposition to be grasped and operated by a human hand and is designed for manual use.
Handsäge
handsaw
Die Handsäge ist eine manuell betriebene Säge, die dazu dient, verschiedene Materialien, insbesondere Holz, zu schneiden. Diese Art von Säge besteht typischerweise aus einem langen, dünnen Blatt mit Zähnen, das an einem Griff befestigt ist. Der Griff ermöglicht es dem Benutzer, die Säge von Hand zu führen und den Schnitt durch Vor- und Zurückbewegen des Blatts zu erzeugen. Handsägen sind in verschiedenen Ausführungen erhältlich, je nach der beabsichtigten Anwendung. Es gibt beispielsweise Handsägen für Holz, Metall oder Kunststoff, und sie können unterschiedliche Zahngeometrien und Blattlängen aufweisen, um optimal auf verschiedene Schneidanforderungen abgestimmt zu sein.
The handsaw is a manually operated saw that is used to cut various materials, especially wood. This type of saw typically consists of a long, thin blade with teeth attached to a handle. The handle allows the user to guide the saw by hand and make the cut by moving the blade back and forth. Handsaws are available in different designs, depending on the intended application. For example, there are handsaws for wood, metal or plastic, and they can have different tooth geometries and blade lengths to best suit different cutting requirements.
Verfestigen Durch Umformen
hardening by forming
Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ãndern Prozess, der die Eigenschaften des Materials durch mechanische Verformung verändert.
A Changing Properties Of Material process, that involves altering material properties by mechanical deformation.
Sheet Metal Rolling to Achieve Higher Strength.
heat capacity
The heat capacity is a thermal property describing the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a material by a given amount.
change of temperature
A change of temperature is a process describing the variation in thermal energy within a material or system over time or due to external influences.
thermal property
A thermal property is a material property representing attributes of a material that describe its behavior under temperature changes, such as thermal conductivity and expansion.
thermal conductivity
The thermal conductivity is a thermal property describing the ability of a material to conduct heat.
Mixing two fluids. Adding salt into water. Injecting a mouse with PBS.
A material processing with the objective to combine two or more material entities as input into a single material entity as output.
Wärmebehandlung
heat treatment
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN EN ISO 4885:2018 Wärmebehandlung Seite 21, 3.108 Wärmebehandlung - Definition
Official definition can be found in: DIN EN ISO 4885:2018 Wärmebehandlung Page 21, 3.108 Wärmebehandlung - Definition
Wärmebehandeln
Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ãndern Prozess, bei dem durch eine Reihe von Verfahrensschritten ein festes (Eisen-)Produkt ganz oder teilweise bestimmten Zeit-Temperatur-Abfolgen ausgesetzt wird, mit dem Ziel, seine Eigenschaften und/oder seine innere Struktur zu modifizieren.
A Changing Properties of Materials process in which a solid (ferrous) product is fully or partially exposed to specific time-temperature sequences through a series of process steps with the aim of modifying its properties and/or its internal structure.
Annealing, Ageing, Hardening
Wärmebehandlungsfunktion
heat treatment function
Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um die Eigenschaften von Materialien durch kontrollierte Wärme- und Abkühlungsprozesse zu verändern.
A function performed to alter the properties of materials through controlled heating and cooling processes.
Hochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatographie Verfahren
high-performance liquid chromatography process
Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das Komponenten in einer flüssigen Probe trennt, identifiziert und quantifiziert, indem hoher Druck verwendet wird, um die Probe durch eine mit einer stationären Phase gefüllte Säule zu leiten.
A Chromatography Process that separates, identifies, and quantifies components in a liquid sample using high pressure to pass the sample through a column packed with a stationary phase.
High-performance liquid chromatography is used to analyze the purity and concentration of pharmaceutical compounds in a formulation.
Hochdurchsatzsimulation
high throughput simulation
Ein Simulationsprozess, der eine groÃe Anzahl von Simulationen automatisch durchführt, um eine breite Palette von Bedingungen zu erkunden.
A Simulation Process that performs a large number of simulations automatically to explore a wide range of conditions.
Screening thousands of potential material compounds to identify those with optimal properties for battery applications.
Hochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatographiesystem
high performance liquid chromatography system
Ein Gerät zur Trennung, Identifizierung und Quantifizierung von Verbindungen in Flüssigkeitsproben durch Hochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatographie.
A device used for separating, identifying, and quantifying compounds in liquid samples through high performance liquid chromatography.
Hochtemperatur-Gaschromatographiesystem
high temperature gas chromatography system
Ein Gerät zur Trennung und Analyse von Verbindungen in einem Gasgemisch bei hohen Temperaturen unter Verwendung einer chromatographischen Säule.
A device used for separating and analyzing compounds in a gas mixture at high temperatures using a chromatographic column.
Gaschromatographiesystem
gas chromatography system
Ein Gerät zur Trennung und Analyse von Verbindungen in einem Gasgemisch unter Verwendung einer chromatographischen Säule.
A device used for separating and analyzing compounds in a gas mixture using a chromatographic column.
hybrid simulation
a simulation approach that combines physical and computational models to analyze material behavior.
Schlagprüfverfahren
impact testing process
Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Fähigkeit eines Materials bestimmt, Energie zu absorbieren und Schlagkräfte zu widerstehen, typischerweise unter Verwendung von Pendel- oder Fallgewichtsprüfgeräten.
A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that determines a material's ability to absorb energy and withstand impact forces, typically using pendulum or drop-weight testers.
Impact testing of helmet materials to ensure they provide adequate protection against head injuries.
index of refraction
The index of refraction is an optical property representing a measure of how much light bends when passing through a material, affecting its optical properties.
optical property
An optical property is a material property representing the characteristics that describe how a material interacts with light, including reflection, refraction, and absorption.
reflectivity
The reflectivity is an optical property that describes the proportion of incident light or radiation that a material reflects.
Induktionsofen
induction furnace
Ein Induktionsofen ist ein Ofen, der Materialien durch elektromagnetische Induktion erhitzt, wobei die Wärme direkt im Material erzeugt wird.
An Induction Furnace is a Furnace that heats materials using electromagnetic induction, generating heat directly within the material.
SpritzgieÃmaschine
injection molding machine
Eine SpritzgieÃmaschine ist ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um Kunststoffteile durch Einspritzen von geschmolzenem Kunststoff in Formen unter hohem Druck herzustellen.
An Injection Molding Machine is a Device used to produce plastic parts by injecting molten plastic into molds under high pressure.
Ionenaustauschchromatographie Verfahren
ion exchange chromatography process
Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das Ionen und polare Moleküle basierend auf ihrer Ladung trennt, indem ein Ionenaustauscherharz verwendet wird, um die Ionen aus der Probe anzuziehen und zu halten.
A Chromatography Process that separates ions and polar molecules based on their charge by using an ion exchange resin to attract and retain the ions from the sample.
Ion exchange chromatography is used to purify and separate proteins in a solution for material characterization.
Ionenaustausch-Chromatographiesystem
ion exchange chromatography system
Ein Gerät zur Trennung von Ionen in einer Probe unter Verwendung von Ionenaustauschharzen in einer chromatographischen Säule.
A device used for separating ions in a sample using ion exchange resins in a chromatographic column.
Ionenmikroskop
ion microscope
Ein Gerät, das Ionen verwendet, um hochauflösende Bilder der Oberfläche oder Struktur einer Probe zu erstellen.
A device that uses ions to create high-resolution images of the surface or structure of a sample.
Ionenmikroskopie
ion microscopy
Ein Mikroskopieverfahren, das einen fokussierten Ionenstrahl verwendet, um ein Bild einer Probe zu erzeugen, hochauflösende Bilder und Zusammensetzungsinformationen liefert und häufig für Oberflächenanalysen und Tiefenprofilierung verwendet wird.
A Microscopy Process that uses a focused beam of ions to image a specimen, providing high-resolution images and compositional information, often used for surface analysis and depth profiling.
An example of an ion microscopy process is Helium Ion Microscopy (HIM), which offers high-resolution imaging with minimal sample damage, or Field Ion Microscopy, which provides atomic-level resolution imaging by using a strong electric field to ionize atoms at the surface of a sharp tip, or Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM), which allows for high-precision material removal and imaging by using a focused beam of ions to mill the sample surface while simultaneously capturing detailed SEM images.
Ionen-Spektrometer
ion spectrometer
Ein Gerät zur Analyse von Ionen in einer Probe zur Bestimmung ihrer Zusammensetzung und Konzentration.
A device used for analyzing ions in a sample to determine their composition and concentration.
Ionenspektroskopie
ion spectroscopy
Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das die Eigenschaften und das Verhalten von Ionen in einer Probe analysiert, indem es ihre Wechselwirkung mit elektromagnetischen Feldern oder anderen Ionen misst.
A Spectroscopy Process, that analyzes the properties and behavior of ions in a sample by measuring their interaction with electromagnetic fields or other ions.
Examples are e.g. ion mobility spectroscopy, ion-beam spectroscopy.
Bestrahlen
irradiating
Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ãndern Prozess, bei dem die physikalischen oder chemischen Eigenschaften eines Materials durch Bestrahlung verändert und verbessert werden.
A Changing Properties Of Material process that employs radiation exposure, to alter and enhance a material's physical or chemical attributes.
Polymer Curing
Irradiationsgerät
irradiation device
Ein Gerät zum Aussetzen von Materialien gegenüber Strahlung zur Induktion von Veränderungen ihrer Eigenschaften.
A device used for exposing materials to radiation to induce changes in their properties.
Irradiationsfunktion
irradiation function
Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um Materialien Strahlung auszusetzen, um deren Eigenschaften zu verändern.
A function performed to expose materials to radiation for altering their properties.
Fügen durch Urformen
joining by primary shaping
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-4
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-4
Joining By Master Forming
Ein Fügeverfahren, bei dem ein Teil oder eine Komponente aus einem flüssigen oder halbflüssigen Material in seine endgültige Form gebracht wird.
A joining process that involves creating a part or component in its final shape from a liquid or semi-liquid material.
Pouring, Embedding, Encasing
Fügen Durch Umformen
joining by shaping
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-5
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-5
Joining By Forming
Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem eine oder mehrere Komponenten verformt werden, um eine mechanische Verriegelung oder Passung zu erreichen, die üblicherweise für Pressverbindungen, Crimpen oder Schmieden verwendet wird.
A joining process that involves deforming one or more components to achieve a mechanical interlock or fit, commonly used for press-fit joints, crimping, or swaging.
Joining By Riveting, Joining By Forming Wire-Shaped Bodies
Fügen Durch Löten
joining by soldering
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-7
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-7
Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem ein Füllmaterial (Lot) verwendet wird, um Metallteile zu verbinden, indem das Lot zwischen ihnen geschmolzen wird, ohne die Grundmaterialien zu schmelzen. Diese Technik wird häufig in der Elektronik und im Sanitärbereich eingesetzt. Durch dieses Verfahren entsteht eine starke, leitfähige Verbindung, die für verschiedene Anwendungen geeignet ist.
A joining process that involves using a filler material (solder) to join metal parts by melting the solder between them without melting the base materials, a technique widely used in electronics and plumbing. This process creates a strong, conductive bond suitable for various applications.
Joint Soft Soldering, Joint Hard Soldering
Fügen Durch SchweiÃen
joining by welding
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-6
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-6
Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem zwei oder mehr Metallteile durch Anwendung von Hitze, Druck oder beidem verschmolzen werden, oft unter Zugabe eines Füllstoffs. Durch dieses Verfahren entsteht eine dauerhafte und starke Verbindung, die in der Fertigung und im Bauwesen für dauerhafte Strukturen und Komponenten unerlässlich ist.
A joining process that involves fusing two or more metal parts by applying heat, pressure, or both, often with the addition of a filler material. This method creates a permanent and strong bond, essential in manufacturing and construction for durable structures and components.
Pressure Welding, Fusion Welding
Verbindungsgerät
joining device
Ein allgemeines Gerät zum Verbinden von Materialien durch verschiedene Methoden, einschlieÃlich SchweiÃen und Löten.
A general device used for joining materials through various methods, including welding and soldering.
Messer
knife
Ein Werkzeug mit einer scharfen Schneide, üblicherweise aus Metall, das zum Schneiden von Lebensmitteln, Materialien oder anderen Substanzen verwendet wird.
A tool with a sharp edge, typically made of metal, used for cutting food, materials, or other substances.
cutting device
A device designed to cut, slice, divide, or sever objects.
Laserspektroskopie
laser spectroscopy
Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das Laserlicht verwendet, um die Eigenschaften von Materialien zu untersuchen.
A Spectroscopy Process, that uses laser light to probe the properties of materials.
Examples are e.g. laser absorption spectroscopy, laser emission spectroscopy, ultra-fast laser spectroscopy.
Laserschneider
lasercutter
Ein Gerät, das Laserstrahlen verwendet, um präzise Schnitte in verschiedenen Materialien wie Holz, Kunststoff, Metall usw. zu erzeugen.
A device that utilizes laser beams to create precise cuts in various materials such as wood, plastic, metal, etc.
Lichtmikroskopie
light microscopy
Ein optisches Mikroskopieverfahren, das sichtbares Licht und Linsen verwendet, um Proben zu vergröÃern und zu visualisieren, wodurch die Untersuchung der Mikrostruktur und Morphologie von Materialien ermöglicht wird.
An Optical Microscopy process that uses visible light and lenses to magnify and visualize specimens, enabling the study of the microstructure and morphology of materials.
An example of a light microscopy process is Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, which uses laser light to scan specimens and create high-resolution, three-dimensional images. Another example is Fluorescence Microscopy, which uses fluorescent dyes to label specific components of the specimen, allowing for the visualization of structures that are otherwise difficult to see. A third example is Polarized Light Microscopy, which utilizes polarized light to enhance contrast in samples with birefringent properties, such as crystalline materials.
Ein Mikroskopieverfahren, das sichtbares Licht und Linsen verwendet, um eine Probe zu vergröÃern und abzubilden, und weit verbreitet zur Untersuchung der Mikrostruktur und Morphologie von Materialien ist.
Optische Mikroskopie
optical microscopy
A Microscopy Process that uses visible light and lenses to magnify and image a specimen, widely used for examining the microstructure and morphology of materials.
An example is Light Microscopy.
Kraftmessdose
load cell
A load cell converts a force such as tension, compression, pressure, or torque into an electrical signal that can be measured and standardized. It is a force transducer. As the force applied to the load cell increases, the electrical signal changes proportionally. The most common types of load cell are pneumatic, hydraulic, and strain gauges.
Spanen Mit Geometrisch Bestimmten Schneiden
machining geometrically defined
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8589-0
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8589-0
Ein Trennprozess, bei dem Material mit einem Werkzeug mit definierter Form und scharfen Kanten entfernt wird, wie z. B. beim Sägen und Bohren.
A Seperating process that involves removing material with a tool that has a defined shape and sharp edges, such as in sawing and drilling operations.
Drilling, Turning
Spanen Mit Geometrisch Unbestimmten Schneiden
machining geometrically undefined
Ein Trennprozess, bei dem Material mit Werkzeugen mit undefinierten Schneiden abgetragen wird, wie z. B. beim Schleifen oder bei der abrasiven Bearbeitung, bei der die genaue Form des zu schneidenden Teils nicht klar definiert ist.
A Seperating process that involves removing material using tools with undefined cutting edges, such as grinding or abrasive machining, where the exact shape of the cutting part isn't clearly defined.
Grinding, Blasting
magnetic property
A magnetic property is a material property representing characteristics that describe how a material responds to magnetic fields, such as permeability and coercivity.
stimulated by
inverse of stimulates
application of magnetic field
An application of (a) magnetic field is the process of subjecting a material to a magnetic field to study its magnetic properties or induce magnetization.
Magnetisieren
magnetizing
Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ãndern Prozess, bei dem ferromagnetische Stoffe einem äuÃeren Magnetfeld ausgesetzt werden wodurch der Stoff magnetische Eigenschaften übernimmt.
A Changing Properties Of Material process in which ferromagnetic materials are exposed to an external magnetic field, causing the material to take on magnetic properties.
Static Magnetization, Pulse Magnetization.
Magnetisierungsgerät
magnetizing device
Ein Gerät zur Induktion eines Magnetfelds in Materialien, um deren magnetische Eigenschaften zu verändern.
A device used for inducing a magnetic field in materials to alter their magnetic properties.
Magnetisierungsfunktion
magnetizing function
Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um ein Magnetfeld in Materialien zu induzieren, um deren magnetische Eigenschaften zu verändern.
A function performed to induce a magnetic field in materials to modify their magnetic properties.
Magnetische Elektrische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren
magneto electrical property analyzing process
Eine Analyse, die die magnetischen und elektrischen Eigenschaften von Materialien untersucht, einschlieÃlich Leitfähigkeit, Widerstand, Permittivität, Permeabilität und Magnetisierung.
An assay that investigates the magnetic and electrical properties of materials, including conductivity, resistivity, permittivity, permeability, and magnetization.
Fertigungsfunktion
manufacturing function
Eine Funktion, die in Geräten oder Prozessen besteht, die zur Herstellung oder Montage von Waren oder Komponenten verwendet werden.
A function that inheres in devices or processes that are used to produce or assemble goods or components.
Massenspektrometer
mass spectrometer
Ein Gerät zur Messung des Massen-zu-Ladung-Verhältnisses von Ionen zur Identifizierung und Quantifizierung von Verbindungen in einer Probe.
A device used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions to identify and quantify compounds in a sample.
Massenspektroskopie
mass spectrometry
Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das das Masse-zu-Ladung-Verhältnis von Ionen misst, um Moleküle in einer Probe zu identifizieren und zu quantifizieren.
A Spectroscopy Process, that measures the mass-to-charge ratio of ions to identify and quantify molecules in a sample.
Examples are e.g. time-of-flight mass spectroscopy, particle beam mass spectrometry.
Bügelmessschraube
micrometer gauge
Diese Entität beschreibt ein Werkzeug zur Durchführung präziser Messungen mit einer Spindel, die durch eine Feingewindeschraube bewegt wird.
A measuring device for making precise measurements having a spindle moved by a finely threaded screw.
The focus of interest when looking at an object throught the microstructure perspective is often its morphology.
microstructure
The microstructure represents the small-scale structure of a material, including grains, phases, and defects, visible under a microscope.
It is also representing a distinct physical or conceptual part of a material or substance. The open energy ontology OEO defines portion of matter as a subclass of object aggregate, which implies countability. Our portion is not (precisely) countable and thus bearer of intensive properties.
Lome explanation for portion of matter: "What is a molecule cluster at the cellular level? Contrary to the molecular level, at the cellular level of granularity the boundary of each molecule is outside of the level of granular focus. What forms a discontinuous cluster of countable individual molecules and thus bona fide objects at the molecular level, is a continuous and non-countable molecular substance at coarser levels of granularity. At these coarser levels, the individual molecules cannot be differentiated and demarcated anymore and the cluster as a whole possesses only fiat inner boundaries."
portion of matter
A material entity that is not demarcated by any physical discontinuities. At some finer level of granularity it is an object aggregate, at some coarser level of granularity it is a fiat object part,but at this level of granularity it is neither.
Mikrotom
microtome
Ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um extrem dünne Scheiben von Material zu schneiden, oft für mikroskopische Untersuchungen.
Ein Mikrotom ist ein Messgerät, das extrem dünne Scheiben von Material schneidet, oft zur Untersuchung unter einem Mikroskop.
A Microtome is a Measuring Device that cuts extremely thin slices of material, often for examination under a microscope.
A device used to cut extremely thin slices of material, often for microscopic examination.
Fräsmaschine
milling machine
Eine Fräsmaschine ist ein Gerät, das Bearbeitungsoperationen durchführt, um Material von einem Werkstück mithilfe von Fräsern zu entfernen.
A Milling Machine is a Device that performs machining operations to remove material from a workpiece using rotary cutters.
mohs hardness
Mohs Hardness is a scalar (scale) used to rank materials based on their ability to scratch one another.
scratch hardness
A measure of a material's resistance to deformation or scratching by a harder material.
The scratch hardness is a hardness representing a measure of a material's resistance to deformation or scratching by a harder material.
Multimodales Deep Learning
multimodal deep learning
Ein Deep Learning-Prozess, der Daten aus mehreren Modalitäten (z.B. Text, Bilder und Audio) integriert und verarbeitet, um die Leistung zu verbessern und ein umfassenderes Verständnis zu erlangen.
A Deep Learning process that integrates and processes data from multiple modalities (e.g., text, images, and audio) to improve performance and gain a more comprehensive understanding.
Combining microscopy images and spectroscopic data to predict the properties of new materials more accurately.
Nanoindentationsverfahren
nanoindentation process
Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Härte und den elastischen Modulus von Materialien im NanomaÃstab mittels eines scharfen Eindringkörpers misst.
A Mechanical Property Analyzing Processs that measures the hardness and elastic modulus of materials at the nanoscale using a sharp indenter.
Nanoindentation of thin films to evaluate their mechanical properties for use in microelectronic devices.
natural organic material
Natural organic materials are materials derived from natural biological sources, primarily composed of carbon-based compounds.
Instances of Portions Of Matter whose shape is relevant for their dispostion to participate in a Manufacturing Process may be SemiFinishedProdcuts.
The sum of portions of matter of the same type form a portion of matter of that type.
Material
material
Portion of Material
A Material is a Portion Of Matter that may participate in some Manifacturing Process and whose shape is not relevant for its participation in the Manifacuring Process.
Optisches Mikroskop
optical microscope
Ein Mikroskop, das sichtbares Licht und Linsen verwendet, um kleine Objekte oder Details zu vergröÃern und zu betrachten.
A microscope that uses visible light and lenses to magnify and view small objects or details.
Optisches Profilometer
optical profilometer
Ein optisches Profilometer ist ein Gerät, das Oberflächenprofile und Rauheit misst, indem es die Interferenzmuster von Licht analysiert, das von der Oberfläche eines Präparats reflektiert wird.
An Optical Profilometer is a device that measures surface profiles and roughness by analyzing the interference patterns of light reflected from a specimen's surface.
Oberflächenprofilometer
surface profilometer
Ein Gerät zur Messung des Oberflächenprofils und der Textur von Materialien.
A device used to measure the surface profile and texture of materials.
Optische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren
optical property analyzing process
Eine Analyse, die die optischen Eigenschaften von Materialien bewertet, wie z.B. Brechungsindex, Absorption, Transmission, Reflexion und Lumineszenz.
An assay that assesses the optical characteristics of materials, such as refractive index, absorption, transmission, reflectivity, and luminescence.
Photochemische Verfahren
photochemical process
Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ãndern Prozess, bei dem Licht, in der Regel ultraviolettes (UV) Licht, zur Auslösung chemischer Reaktionen verwendet wird. In der Druckindustrie und bei einigen additiven Fertigungsverfahren wird diese Lichteinwirkung zur Härtung von Fotolacken oder zur Aushärtung von Tinten und Harzen verwendet. Das Verfahren beruht auf den spezifischen Wellenlängen des Lichts, um chemische Veränderungen im Material auszulösen.
A Changing Properties Of Material process in which light, typically ultraviolet (UV) light is used to trigger chemical reactions. In the printing industry and some additive manufacturing methods, this light exposure is used to harden photoresists or cure inks and resins. The process relies on the specific wavelengths of light to initiate chemical changes in the material.
Exposure
physical simulation
a simulating approach describing the use of computational or experimental methods to replicate physical behaviors or processes under defined conditions.
pole figure
A pole figure is a map representing a graphical representation of the orientation of crystallographic planes in a polycrystalline sample.
map
A map is a 2-D information content entity describing a representation of spatial data or relationships, often used in material science for visualizing properties or distributions.
crystallographic texture
The crystallographic texture is a morphological quality describing the arrangement and orientation of grains in a metallic material, observed through crystallographic analysis.
Poliermaschine
polishing machine
Eine Poliermaschine ist eine Formmaschine, die die Oberfläche eines Materials durch Reiben mit einem Werkzeug, Schleifmittel oder Chemikalien glättet.
A Polishing Machine is a Forming Machine that smooths the surface of a material by rubbing it with a tool, abrasive, or chemical.
powder
A powder is a dry, solid disconnected material entity aggragate composed of many very fine particles. These particles can flow freely when shaken or tilted.
disconnected material entity aggregate
A material entity aggregate that is a mereological sum of scattered (i.e. spatially separated) material entities, which do not adhere to one another through chemical bonds or physical junctions but, instead, relate to one another merely on grounds of metric proximity. The material entities are separated from one another through space or through other material entities that do not belong to the group.
a heap of stones, a colony of honeybees, a group of synapses, the trees of a forest, the canopy of a forest, the fish of a shoal, a group of commuters on the subway, the patients in a hospital
Präzisionsdrehmaschine
precision lathe
Eine Präzisionsdrehmaschine ist eine Drehmaschine, die ein Werkstück um eine Achse dreht, um verschiedene Operationen wie Schneiden, Schleifen, Bohren oder Verformung mit extremer Genauigkeit durchzuführen.
A Precision Lathe is a Lathe that rotates a workpiece about an axis to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, drilling, or deformation with extreme accuracy.
Drehmaschine
lathe
Eine Drehmaschine ist ein Gerät, das ein Werkstück um seine Achse dreht, um verschiedene Operationen wie Schneiden, Schleifen, Bohren oder Verformung durchzuführen.
A Lathe is a Device that rotates a workpiece on its axis to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, drilling, or deformation.
Anpressen - Einpressen
pressing on - in
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-3
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-3
Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem ein Bauteil mechanisch in oder auf ein anderes gepresst wird, um eine sichere Passung und damit eine feste mechanische Verbindung herzustellen.
A joining process that involves mechanically pressing one component into or onto another to create a secure fit, thereby establishing a strong mechanical connection.
Clamps, Brackets, Wedging
Druckmessfunktion
pressure measuring function
Eine Unterfunktion des Messens, die durchgeführt wird, um den Druck von Gasen oder Flüssigkeiten zu bestimmen.
A subfunction of measuring performed to determine the pressure of gases or liquids.
Urformen Durch Additive Fertigung
primary shaping by additive manufacturing
Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien durch additive Fertigungstechniken beinhaltet.
A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials through additive manufacturing techniques.
3D printing of polymer objects.
Urformen
primary shaping
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 4, 3.1.1 Urformen - Definition
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 4, 3.1.1 Urformen - Definition
Primary Forming
Ein Herstellungsprozess, der aus formlosem Stoff durch das Herstellen von Kohäsion ein definiertes Werkstück schafft, wobei die charakteristischen Eigenschaften des Materials im Endprodukt sichtbar werden.
A manufacturing process that creates a defined workpiece from shapeless material by producing cohesion, whereby the characteristic properties of the material become visible in the end product.
Casting, Sintering
Urformen Durch Schweissen
primary shaping by welding
Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien durch SchweiÃen beinhaltet.
A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials by welding.
Fabrication of steel structures using welding techniques.
Urformen Aus Dem Spanförmigen Oder Faserförmigen Zustand
primary shaping from the chip or fiber state
Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem span- oder faserförmigen Zustand beinhaltet.
A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials from a chip or fiber state.
Compression molding of wood chips into particle boards.
Urformen Aus Dem Gasförmigen Oder Dampfförmigen Zustand
primary shaping from the gaseous or vapor state
Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem gasförmigen oder dampfförmigen Zustand beinhaltet.
A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials from a gaseous or vapor state.
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for thin film production.
Urformen Aus Dem Körnerförmigen Oder Pulverförmigen Zustand
primary shaping from the granular or powdered state
Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem körnigen oder pulverförmigen Zustand beinhaltet.
A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials from a granular or powdered state.
Powder metallurgy for creating metal parts.
Urformen Aus DemIonisierten Zustand
primary shaping from the ionized state
Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem ionisierten Zustand beinhaltet.
A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials from an ionized state.
Plasma arc welding.
Urformen Aus Dem Flüssigen Zustand
primary shaping from the liquid state
Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem flüssigen Zustand beinhaltet.
A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials from a liquid state.
Casting of molten metal into molds.
Urformen Aus Dem Plastischen Zustand
primary shaping from the plastic state
Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem plastischen Zustand beinhaltet.
A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials from a plastic state.
Thermoforming of plastic sheets.
Urformen Aus Dem Breiigen Oder Pastösen Zustand
primary shaping from the pulpy or pasty state
Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien durch den Ãbergang aus einem breiigen oder pastösen Zustand in eine feste Form beinhaltet.
A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials through the transition from a pulpy or pasty state into a solid form.
Pottery
rebound hardness
The rebound hardness is representing a measure of a material's hardness based on the height of rebound of a hammer dropped on the material.
hardness
The hardness is a mechanical property used as a measure of a material's resistance to localized plastic deformation, often tested by indentation or scratch methods.
Reinforcement Learning
reinforcement learning
Ein Deep Learning Prozess, der Modelle darin trainiert, Abfolgen von Entscheidungen zu treffen, indem gewünschte Aktionen belohnt und unerwünschte bestraft werden.
A Deep Learning process that involves training models to make sequences of decisions by rewarding desired actions and punishing undesired ones.
Using RL to optimize the process parameters in additive manufacturing (3D printing) to achieve the desired material properties and reduce defects.
Abtragen
removing
Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8590
Official definition can be found in: DIN 8590
Ein Trennprozess, bei dem Material durch thermische, chemische und elektrochemische Methoden abgetragen wird.
A Seperating process that involves removing material through thermical, chemical and electrochemical methods.
Electrical Discharge Machining, Thermal Ablation
Rheometer
rheometer
Ein Gerät zur Messung der FlieÃ- und Verformungseigenschaften von Materialien, insbesondere von Flüssigkeiten und Halbfeststoffen.
A device used to measure the flow and deformation properties of materials, particularly liquids and semi-solids.
Rheometry
rheometry
Ein Rheologisches Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das das FlieÃ- und Verformungsverhalten von Materialien misst, einschlieÃlich komplexer Flüssigkeiten und weicher Feststoffe, um umfassende Daten zu viskoelastischen Eigenschaften unter Verwendung von Rheometern zu liefern.
A Rheological Property Analyzing Process that measures the flow and deformation behavior of materials, including complex fluids and soft solids, to provide comprehensive data on viscoelastic properties using rheometers.
Rheologische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren
rheological property analyzing process
Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das das FlieÃ- und Deformationsverhalten von Materialien unter Einwirkung von Kräften bestimmt, einschlieÃlich Viskosität, Elastizität und Plastizität, oft durch Rheometrie- und Viskosimetrie-Techniken.
A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that determines the flow and deformation behavior of materials under applied forces, including viscosity, elasticity, and plasticity, often through rheometry and viscometry techniques.
Probe-Rolle
sample role
ANMERKUNG: Ein Sample ist ein Teil (oder das Ganze) eines Probestücks. Das Probestück wird bei der Herstellung eines industriell verwendeten Produktes gezielt für die Ãberprüfung des Produkteigenschaften bereitgestellt. CAVE: Diese Anmerkung beschreibt das Objekt, welches die Rolle, die durch diese owl:Class definiert wird, realisiert. ANMERKUNG: Die exakte Wortwahl der EN 10021 wurde verallgemeinert.
Mitunter kann der Probenabschnitt (Sample) unmittelbar als Prüfling (Specimen) oder Probe dienen.
In certain cases, the sample can be the specimen or the test piece itself.
NOTE: A Sample is a part (or the whole) of a Sample product. The Sample product is specifically produced portion of an industrially used and traded product for the purpose of determining the properties/quality of the product. CAVE: This note describes the object, that realizes the role defined by this owl:Class. NOTE: The wording used in EN 10021 was generalized.
Rolle eines Objektes, das eine von einem Probestück/Material entnommene Menge ist, welche (vom Umfang her) geeignet ist Proben (Test Pieces) herzustellen.
Role of an object, which is a quantity of material taken from a (sample) product, that is sufficient for the purpose of obtaining test pieces.
Rasterelektronenmikroskop
scanning electron microscope
Ein Rasterelektronenmikroskop (REM) ist ein Messgerät, das hochauflösende Bilder einer Probenoberfläche erzeugt, indem es sie mit einem fokussierten Elektronenstrahl abtastet.
A Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is a Measuring Device that produces high-resolution images of a sample surface by scanning it with a focused beam of electrons.
Schere
pair of scissors
Ein Werkzeug mit zwei scharfen Klingen, die durch Druck auf die Griffe zusammengeführt werden, um Papier, Stoff oder andere Materialien zu schneiden.
A tool with two sharp blades that are brought together by pressure on the handles to cut paper, fabric, or other materials.
Kratzprüfmaschine
scratch testing machine
Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Kratzfestigkeit von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Kratzkraft.
A device used to test the scratch resistance of materials by applying a scratching force.
Ritzhärteprüfverfahren
scratch testing process
Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Kratzer bewertet und seine Härte- und Haftungseigenschaften misst.
A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that evaluates a material's resistance to scratching, measuring hardness and adhesion properties.
Scratch testing of a coated surface to determine the adhesion quality of the coating to the substrate.
Schubprüfmaschine
shear testing machine
Ein Gerät zur Messung der Scherfestigkeit von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Schubkraft und Messung der Verformung.
A device used to measure the shear strength of materials by applying a shearing force and measuring deformation.
Schubprüfverfahren
shear testing process
Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Reaktion eines Materials auf Scherkräfte misst und seine Scherfestigkeit und seinen Schermodul bestimmt.
A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that measures a material's response to shear forces, determining its shear strength and shear modulus.
Shear testing of rivets to ensure they can hold structural components together under lateral loads.
Simulationsknoten
simulation device
A processing node that implements foo as well as consumes and creates simulation objects and parameters.
Computer
computing device
Ein Rechnersystem, das eine Ausführungsumgebung bspw. für Simulationsprozesse oder Vorhersagemodelle bereitstellt. Ein Rechenknoten kann virtuell (bspw. ein Container oder eine virtuelle Maschine) oder physisch (z. B. ein Bare-Metal-Server) ausgestaltet sein und verwendet in der Regel digitale Repräsentationen von Objekten als Eingaben und erzeugt digitale Messungen, wie z.B. Simulationsergebnisse oder Vorhersagen, als Ausgaben.
A computing system that provides an execution environment for, e.g., simulation processes or prediction models. A computing system can be virtual (e.g., a container or virtual machine) or physical (e.g., a bare-metal servers), uses digital representations of objects as inputs and produces digital measurements, such as simulation results or predictions, as outputs.
Sintern
sintering
Ein Stoffeigenschaftsänderungsprozess, bei dem körnige und pulverförmige Stoffe, welche im ersten Schritt bereits in Form gebracht wurden, vermischt und durch Erwärmung verbunden und verdichtet werden.
A changing properties of materials process in which granular and powdery materials, which have already been shaped in the first step, are mixed and combined and compacted by heating.
Metal Powder Sintering, Ceramic Sintering
Formatkreissäge
sizing saw
Eine Formatkreissäge ist eine industrielle Kreissäge, die für groÃe Schnittformate in der Holzverarbeitung und Möbelherstellung ausgelegt ist.
A sizing saw is an industrial circular saw designed for large cutting formats in woodworking and furniture production.
Schlitten
slide
A moving piece that is guided by a part along its path, providing the mount for objects.
Lötgerät
soldering device
Ein Gerät zum Verbinden von Materialien durch Schmelzen und Auftragen eines Füllmetalls.
A device used for joining materials together by melting and applying a filler metal.
Lötfunktion
soldering function
Eine Unterfunktion des Verbindens, die durchgeführt wird, um Materialien durch Löttechniken zu verbinden.
A subfunction of joining performed to connect materials using soldering techniques.
Verbindungsfunktion
joining function
Eine Funktion, die ausgeführt wird, um Materialien durch verschiedene Methoden wie SchweiÃen oder Löten zu verbinden.
A function performed to connect or bond materials together through various methods such as welding or soldering.
Abplatzprüfmaschine
spalling testing machine
Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Widerstandsfähigkeit von Materialien gegenüber Abplatzungen oder Abblätterungen unter verschiedenen Bedingungen.
A device used to test the resistance of materials to spalling or flaking under various conditions.
Abplatzprüfverfahren
spalling testing process
Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Widerstandsfähigkeit eines Materials gegen Oberflächenabplatzungen oder Abblättern unter hohen StoÃ- oder thermischen Belastungen bewertet.
A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that evaluates the resistance of a material to surface spalling or flaking under high impact or thermal stresses.
Spalling testing of refractory bricks used in furnaces to ensure their longevity and performance under extreme conditions.
Spektrometer
spectrometer
Ein Spektrometer ist ein Messgerät, das die Eigenschaften von Licht über einen bestimmten Teil des elektromagnetischen Spektrums misst, typischerweise zur Analyse der Zusammensetzung eines Materials.
A Spectrometer is a Measuring Device that measures the properties of light over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, typically to analyze the composition of a material.
spectrum
A spectrum is a 1-D information content entity that describes the range of wavelengths or frequencies of a physical property, often used in reference to light, sound, or electromagnetic radiation.
1-D is an information content entity representing a one-dimensional structure or model representing a single linear dimension, often used in material science simulations or analysis.
time series
A time series is a 1-D information content entity defined by a sequence of data points collected or recorded at successive time intervals, used for analyzing temporal properties or trends.
speed of sound
The speed of sound is an accoustic property representing the rate at which sound waves travel through a material, dependent on its density and elastic properties.
stochastic simulation
a simulation approach that incorporates random variables to model probabilistic systems or processes.
structural material
Classified by the role in a system.
A Structural Material S is an Engineered Material which has the disposition to be used for an Object O (O consists of S) and O's function is primarily mechanical load carrying.
functional material
A Functional Material F is an Engineered Material which has the disposition to be used for an Object O (O consists of F) and O's function is other/more than mechanical load carrying.
mechanical function
A mechanical function is a function that is realised via mechanical work (through an certain amount of energy transferred by some force).
Strukturoptimierungssimulation
structural optimization simulation
Ein Simulationsprozess, der darauf abzielt, die stabilste Struktur eines molekularen Systems durch Minimierung seiner Energie zu finden.
A Simulation Process that aims to find the most stable structure of a molecular system by minimizing its energy.
Optimizing the atomic structure of a catalyst to enhance its performance.
Einstellungsgegenstandsrolle
subject of adjustment role
Rolle eines Gerätes (Einstellungsgegenstand), das eingestellt wird. Die Rolle wird ein einem Einstellungsprozess realisiert.
Role of a device that is being adjusted. The role is realized in an adjustment process.
Kalibrierungsgegenstandsrolle
subject of calibration role
Rolle eines Gerätes (Kalibrierungsgegenstand), das kalibriert wird. Die Rolle wird ein einem Kalibrierungsprozess realisiert.
Role of a device that is being calibrated. The role is realized in a calibration process.
Ãberkritische Fluidchromatographie Verfahren
supercritical fluid chromatography process
Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das ein überkritisches Fluid als mobile Phase verwendet, um Komponenten zu trennen, und im Vergleich zu traditionellen Methoden eine höhere Geschwindigkeit und Effizienz bietet.
A Chromatography Process that utilizes a supercritical fluid as the mobile phase to separate components, offering higher speed and efficiency compared to traditional methods.
Supercritical fluid chromatography is used to separate and analyze complex mixtures of polymers and plastics.
Ãberkritisches Fluid-Chromatographiesystem
supercritical fluid chromatography system
Ein Gerät zur Trennung und Analyse von Verbindungen unter Verwendung von überkritischen Flüssigkeiten als mobile Phase in der Chromatographie.
A device used for separating and analyzing compounds using supercritical fluids as the mobile phase in chromatography.
supervised learning
Ein Maschinelles Lernen Prozess, der eine Funktion erlernt, die Eingabedaten auf beschriftete Ausgabedaten abbildet.
A Machine Learning process that learns a function mapping from input data to labeled output data.
Training a model to predict the tensile strength of a material based on its composition and manufacturing process parameters. This involves using a dataset where the tensile strength is already known (labeled data) to train the model.
Maschinelles Lernen
machine learning
Ein Simulationsprozess, der Algorithmen verwendet, um Computern das Lernen aus Daten und das Treffen von Vorhersagen zu ermöglichen.
A Simulation Process that uses algorithms to enable computers to learn from and make predictions based on data.
Predicting the mechanical properties of composite materials based on their composition.
Temperaturmessfunktion
temperature measuring function
Eine Unterfunktion des Messens, die durchgeführt wird, um die Temperatur eines Objekts oder einer Umgebung zu bestimmen.
A subfunction of measuring performed to determine the temperature of an object or environment.
temporal property
A temporal property is a material property that represents attributes related to the time-dependent behavior of a material or process.
passing of time
Passing of time is a process that describes the progression of time, which can influence material aging and property changes.
Zugprüfmaschine
tensile testing machine
A device used to test the tensile strength and elongation of materials by applying a stretching force.
Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Zugfestigkeit und Dehnung von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Dehnkraft.
Zugprüfverfahren
tensile testing process
Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Reaktion eines Materials auf Zugkräfte bestimmt und seine Zugfestigkeit, Dehnung und seinen Elastizitätsmodul misst.
A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that determines a material's response to tensile forces, measuring its tensile strength, elongation, and Young's modulus.
Tensile testing of polymer films to ensure they can stretch without breaking in packaging applications
Testfunktion
testing function
Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um die Eigenschaften, Leistung oder Qualität von Materialien oder Geräten zu bewerten.
A function performed to assess or evaluate the properties, performance, or quality of materials or devices.
Textiles Fügen
textile joining
Keine offizielle Definition in DIN
No offical definition in DIN
Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem textile Materialien miteinander verbunden werden.
A joining process that involves connecting textile materials.
Sewing, Stapling
Wärmeleitfähigkeitsmessverfahren
thermal conductivity measurement process
Ein Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Wärmeleitfähigkeit eines Materials misst und dessen Fähigkeit bestimmt, Wärme zu leiten.
A Thermal Property Analyzing Process that measures the thermal conductivity of a material, determining its ability to conduct heat.
Measuring the thermal conductivity of a composite material used in aerospace applications to ensure efficient heat dissipation.
TCMP
Wärmeleitfähigkeitsmessfunktion
thermal conductivity measuring function
Eine Funktion, die in Geräten besteht, die zur Messung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit von Materialien verwendet werden.
A function that inheres in devices used to measure the thermal conductivity of materials.
Thermoelement
thermocouple
âThermocouple.â Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thermocouple. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023.
Ein Gerät zur Temperaturmessung, bei dem ein Paar Drähte aus unterschiedlichen Metallen (z. B. Kupfer und Eisen) verbunden und die freien Enden der Drähte mit einem Instrument (z. B. einem Voltmeter) verbunden werden, das die an der Verbindungsstelle erzeugte der beiden Metalle Potentialdifferenz misst .
A device for measuring temperature in which a pair of wires of dissimilar metals (such as copper and iron) are joined and the free ends of the wires are connected to an instrument (such as a voltmeter) that measures the difference in potential created at the junction of the two metals.
Thermocycler
thermocycler
Ein Thermocycler ist ein Temperaturwechselgerät, das die Temperatur einer Probe in Zyklen schnell ändert, oft verwendet in der Polymerase-Kettenreaktion (PCR).
A Thermocycler is a Temperature Change Device that rapidly changes the temperature of a sample in cycles, often used in polymerase chain reactions (PCR).
Thermogravimetrische Analyse-Verfahren
thermogravimetric analysis process
Ein Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Massenänderung eines Materials in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur oder Zeit in einer kontrollierten Atmosphäre misst und dessen thermische Stabilität und Zusammensetzung bestimmt.
A Thermal Property Analyzing Process that measures the change in mass of a material as a function of temperature or time in a controlled atmosphere, determining its thermal stability and composition.
Thermogravimetric analysis of a metal alloy to determine its oxidation stability at high temperatures.
TGA
Thermomechanische Analyse-Verfahren
thermomechanical analysis process
Ein Thermoanalytisches Verfahren, das die MaÃänderungen eines Materials als Funktion der Temperatur misst und seinen thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten bestimmt.
A Thermoanalytical Process that measures the dimensional changes of a material as a function of temperature, determining its coefficient of thermal expansion.
Thermomechanical analysis of a polymer to ensure it maintains dimensional stability under varying temperature conditions.
TMA
Thermomechanisches Behandeln
thermomechanical treatment
Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ãndern Prozess, der die gleichzeitige Anwendung von Wärme und mechanischen Spannungen beinhaltet. Die thermomechanische Behandlung wird eingesetzt, um die Mikrostruktur und die mechanischen Eigenschaften des Materials zu verändern und zu verbessern.
A Changing Properties Of Material process that involves the simultaneous application of heat and mechanical stresses. Thermomechanical treatment is utilized to alter and improve the material's microstructure and mechanical properties.
Hot Isostatic Pressing
Dünnschichtchromatographie Verfahren
thin-layer chromatography process
Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das nichtflüchtige Gemische trennt, indem eine Probe auf eine dünne Schicht eines Adsorptionsmaterials aufgetragen und ein Lösungsmittel verwendet wird, um die Komponenten basierend auf ihren Affinitäten entlang der Schicht zu bewegen.
A Chromatography Process that separates non-volatile mixtures by applying a sample on a thin layer of an adsorbent material and using a solvent to move the components up the layer based on their affinities.
Using thin-layer chromatography to analyze the composition of a polymer mixture to identify different components.
Dünnschichtchromatographiesystem
thin layer chromatography system
Ein Gerät zur Trennung von Verbindungen in einer Probe unter Verwendung einer dünnen Schicht adsorbierenden Materials auf einer Platte.
A device used for separating compounds in a sample using a thin layer of adsorbent material on a plate.
3D-Drucker
3d printer
Ein 3D-Drucker ist ein Gerät für die additive Fertigung, das dreidimensionale Objekte durch schichtweises Aufbauen aus einem digitalen Modell erzeugt.
A 3D Printer is an Additive Manufacturing Device that creates three-dimensional objects by building them layer by layer from a digital model.
Additive Fertigungsgerät
additive manufacturing device
Ein Gerät zur Herstellung von Objekten Schicht für Schicht durch additive Verfahren wie 3D-Druck.
A device used for manufacturing objects layer by layer through additive processes such as 3D printing.
Torsionsprüfmaschine
torsion testing machine
Ein Gerät zur Prüfung des Widerstands von Materialien gegenüber Drehkräften durch Anwendung eines Drehmoments und Messung der resultierenden Verformung.
A device used to test the resistance of materials to twisting forces by applying a torque and measuring the resulting deformation.
Torsionsprüfverfahren
torsion testing process
Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das das Verhalten eines Materials bei Torsionskräften bewertet und seine Torsionsfestigkeit und Schermodul bestimmt.
A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that assesses a material's behavior when subjected to twisting forces, determining its torsional strength and shear modulus.
Evaluating the torsional strength of a metal rod used in a mechanical shaft to prevent failure under rotational loads.
Ultraschallreiniger
ultrasonic cleaner
Ein Gerät, das Ultraschall und ein Reinigungsmittel verwendet, um empfindliche oder komplexe Gegenstände zu reinigen.
Ein Ultraschallreiniger ist ein Reinigungsgerät, das Hochfrequenzschallwellen und ein Reinigungsmittel verwendet, um Verunreinigungen von empfindlichen oder komplexen Gegenständen zu entfernen.
A device that uses ultrasound and a cleaning solvent to clean delicate or complex items.
An Ultrasonic Cleaner is a Cleaning Device that uses high-frequency sound waves and a cleaning solvent to remove contaminants from delicate or complex items.
Reinigungsgerät
cleaning device
Ein Gerät zum Entfernen von Verunreinigungen von Materialien oder Oberflächen.
A device used for removing contaminants from materials or surfaces.
Ultraviolett-Visible-Spektrophotometer
ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer
Ein Gerät zur Messung der Absorption einer Probe im ultravioletten und sichtbaren Bereich des elektromagnetischen Spektrums.
A device used to measure the absorbance of a sample in the ultraviolet and visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Unsupervised Learning
unsupervised machine learning
Ein Maschinelles Lernen Prozess, der Muster und Zusammenhänge in Daten identifiziert, ohne beschriftete Ergebnisse zu verwenden.
A Machine Learning process that identifies patterns and relationships in data without using labeled outcomes.
Using clustering algorithms to group similar materials based on their properties (e.g., hardness, elasticity, thermal conductivity) without prior knowledge of the categories. For instance, discovering new categories of alloy compositions that exhibit similar thermal properties.
Viskosimeter
viscometer
Ein Gerät zur Messung der Viskosität von Flüssigkeiten, das Informationen über ihre FlieÃeigenschaften liefert.
A device used to measure the viscosity of liquids, providing information about their flow properties.
Viskosimetrie
viscometry
Ein Rheologisches Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Viskosität einer Flüssigkeit misst, also deren Widerstand gegen allmähliche Verformung durch Scher- oder Zugspannung, unter Verwendung von Viskosimetern oder Rheometern.
A Rheological Property Analyzing Process that measures the viscosity of a fluid, which is its resistance to gradual deformation by shear or tensile stress, using viscometers or rheometers.
Wasseraufbereitungssystem
water purification system
Ein Wasseraufbereitungssystem ist ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um Verunreinigungen aus Wasser zu entfernen, um sauberes und sicheres Trinkwasser herzustellen.
A Water Purification System is a Device used to remove contaminants from water to produce clean and safe drinking water.
Wasserstrahlschneider
waterjet cutter
Ein Gerät, das einen Hochdruckwasserstrahl oder einen Wasserstrahl mit abrasiven Partikeln verwendet, um Materialien wie Metall, Stein, Kunststoff usw. zu schneiden.
A device that utilizes a high-pressure stream of water or a water stream with abrasive particles to cut materials such as metal, stone, plastic, etc.
VerschleiÃprüfmaschine
wear testing machine
Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der VerschleiÃfestigkeit von Materialien durch Aussetzen dieser Bedingungen unter Abrasivbedingungen.
A device used to test the wear resistance of materials by subjecting them to abrasive conditions.
VerschleiÃprüfverfahren
wear testing process
Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahrenn, das den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Verschleià und Abrieb bewertet und reale Reibungsbedingungen simuliert.
A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that evaluates the resistance of a material to wear and abrasion, simulating real-life conditions of friction.
Wear testing of automotive brake pads to ensure longevity and performance under repetitive braking conditions.
SchweiÃfunktion
welding function
Eine Unterfunktion des Verbindens, die durchgeführt wird, um Materialien durch SchweiÃtechniken zu verbinden.
A subfunction of joining performed to fuse materials together using welding techniques.
Röntgen-Computertomographie
x-ray computed tomography
Ein Röntgenanalyseverfahren, das Röntgenstrahlen verwendet, um detaillierte Querschnittsbilder eines Objekts zu erstellen.
A X-ray Analyzing Process, that uses X-rays to create detailed cross-sectional images of an object.
For example, X-ray Computed Tomography can be used to analyze the porosity of cement. This process allows researchers to visualize and quantify the distribution, size, and connectivity of pores within the cement.
Röntgen Analyseverfahren
x-ray analyzing process
Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das Röntgenstrahlen verwendet, um die innere Struktur, Zusammensetzung und Eigenschaften von Materialien zu untersuchen, indem die Wechselwirkung der Röntgenstrahlen mit der Probe gemessen wird.
A Structural Property Analyzing Process that uses X-rays to investigate the internal structure, composition, and properties of materials by measuring the interaction of X-rays with the sample.
Beugungsprozess
x-ray diffraction process
Ein Röntgenanalyseverfahren, das die Wechselwirkung von Röntgenstrahlen mit der kristallinen Struktur eines Materials umfasst.
An X-ray Analyzing Process, that involves the interaction of X-rays with the crystalline structure of a material.
XRD is used to e.g. determine the crystal structure of newly synthesized compounds to determine the crystal lattice arrangement.
XRD
Röntgen-Mapping
x-ray mapping
Ein Röntgenanalyseverfahren, das eine räumliche Verteilungskarte der Elemente innerhalb einer Probe erstellt, indem die Probe mit einem Elektronen- oder Röntgenstrahl abgetastet und die emittierten Röntgenstrahlen detektiert werden, wodurch detaillierte Zusammensetzungsinformationen über die Oberfläche der Probe geliefert werden.
An X-ray Analyzing Process that generates a spatial distribution map of the elements within a specimen by scanning the sample with an electron or X-ray beam and detecting the emitted X-rays, providing detailed compositional information across the sample's surface.
An example of an X-ray Mapping process is X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy, X-ray Fluorescence, or X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy.
Röntgen-Mikroanalyse
x-ray microanalysis
Ein Röntgenanalyseverfahren, das die elementare Zusammensetzung und chemischen Eigenschaften einer Probe bestimmt, indem die charakteristischen Röntgenstrahlen detektiert und analysiert werden, die von der Probe emittiert werden, wenn sie mit einem fokussierten Elektronenstrahl bestrahlt wird.
An X-ray Analyzing Process that determines the elemental composition and chemical properties of a specimen by detecting and analyzing the characteristic X-rays emitted from the sample when it is irradiated with a focused electron beam.
An example for X-ray Microanalysis process is Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy.
Röntgenspektroskopie
x-ray spectroscopy
Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das die Wechselwirkung von Röntgenstrahlen mit Materie analysiert, um die Zusammensetzung und Struktur des Materials zu bestimmen.
A Spectroscopy Process, that analyzes the interaction of X-rays with matter to determine the material's composition and structure.
Examples are e.g. X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray emission spectroscopy, and X-ray reflection spectroscopy.
Röntgenbeugungsgerät
x-ray diffractometer
Ein Röntgenbeugungsgerät ist ein Messgerät, das die Kristallstruktur von Materialien durch Analyse der Beugungsmuster von durch eine Probe geleiteten Röntgenstrahlen bestimmt.
An X-Ray Diffractometer is a Measuring Device that determines the crystal structure of materials by analyzing the diffraction patterns of X-rays passed through a sample.
Röntgenanalysator
x-ray analyzer
Ein Gerät zur Analyse der Zusammensetzung und Eigenschaften von Materialien durch Röntgenverfahren wie Beugung oder Fluoreszenz.
A device used to analyze the composition and properties of materials through X-ray techniques such as diffraction or fluorescence.
Röntgen-Computertomographiesystem
x-ray computed tomography system
Ein Gerät, das Röntgen-Computertomographietechniken verwendet, um Querschnittsbilder eines Materials zu erstellen.
A device that uses X-ray computed tomography techniques to produce cross-sectional images of a material.
Röntgenkartierungsgerät
x-ray mapping device
Ein Gerät, das zur Kartierung der räumlichen Verteilung von Elementen oder Verbindungen innerhalb eines Materials mithilfe von Röntgenfluoreszenz- oder -beugungstechniken verwendet wird.
A device used for mapping the spatial distribution of elements or compounds within a material using X-ray fluorescence or diffraction techniques.
Röntgenmikroanalyssystem
x-ray microanalysis system
Ein Gerät zur Mikroanalyse von Materialien unter Verwendung von Röntgentechniken zur Bestimmung der Elementzusammensetzung auf mikroskopischer Ebene.
A device used for microanalysis of materials using X-ray techniques to determine elemental composition at a microscopic scale.
entspricht
complies with
complies with is a relation between an independent continuant and an information content entity (e.g., specification or objective) that it conforms to.
is subject of
Inverse of 'is about'.
in response to
inverse of responds with
stimulates
A relation between a stimulating process and material property, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the material property and participates in the stimulating process, and the material property comes to be realized in the course of the stimulating process.
stimulating process
The stimulating process is a process describing the application of an external influence, such as force, heat, or radiation, to study material response.
causally influences
An entity (that is bearer of some stimulation role) causally influences another entity (that is bearer of the stimulation target role) in a process iff the target objects qualites (and/or realizable entities?) are altered in a manner that is significant in the given context/domain of discourse..
stimulus role
The stimulus role is a role that an object bears in a process when causally influencing another object that bears a stimulation target role in the same process. 'Role' implies here, that the 'bearing' assignment depends on the intent.
stimulation target role
See 'Stimulus role'
interacts with
A relation between participants of a process indicating that some of the participants SDCs are affected during the process due to the interaction of the participants.
hydrogen bond
A hydrogen bond is a bond that binds one moleculeâs hydrogen atom with the electronegative atoms of another molecule.
The bond that forms between liquid water molecules at one molecules hydrogen ends and the other molecules oxigen end.
bond
A bond is a relational quality describing the force interaction between atoms.
obstacle role
An obstacle role is a role of an independent continuant C that is realized in a motion process and indictes that C hinders the motion of a participant in the process.
A precipitate or grain boundary may hinder the motion of a dislocation.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only indium atoms.
portion of indium
A 'Portion Of Indium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:indium atom.
portion of pure chemical element
A portion of pure chemical element is a pure substance composed of multiple atoms, which are all of the same kind.
A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin indicum) blue line in its flame spectrum.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only chromium atoms.
portion of chromium
A 'Portion Of Chromium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:chromium atom.
A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only germanium atoms.
portion of germanium
A 'Portion Of Germanium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:germanium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only tungsten atoms.
portion of tungsten
A 'Portion Of Tungsten' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:tungsten.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only erbium atoms.
portion of erbium
A 'Portion Of Erbium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:erbium.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only molybdenum atoms.
portion of molybdenum
A 'Portion Of Molybdenum' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:molybdenum atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only niobium atoms.
portion of niobium
A 'Portion Of Niobium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:niobium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only rhenium atoms.
portion of rhenium
A 'Portion Of Rhenium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:rhenium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only lithium atoms.
portion of lithium
A 'Portion Of Lithium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:lithium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only nitrogen atoms.
portion of nitrogen
A 'Portion Of Nitrogen' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:nitrogen atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only cobalt atoms.
portion of cobalt
A 'Portion Of Cobalt' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:cobalt atom.
A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only gold atoms.
portion of gold
A 'Portion Of Gold' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:gold atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only argon atoms.
portion of argon
A 'Portion Of Argon' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:argon atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only cadmium atoms.
portion of cadmium
A 'Portion Of Cadmium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:cadmium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only barium atoms.
portion of barium
A 'Portion Of Barium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:barium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only tantalum atoms.
portion of tantalum
A 'Portion Of Tantalum' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:tantalum atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only antimony atoms.
portion of antimony
A 'Portion Of Antimony' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:antimony atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only potassium atoms.
portion of potassium
A 'Portion Of Potassium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:potassium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only phosphorus atoms.
portion of phosphorus
A 'Portion Of Phosphorus' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:phosphorus atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only boron atoms.
portion of boron
A 'Portion Of Boron' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:boron atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only helium atoms.
portion of helium
A 'Portion Of Helium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:helium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only silicon atoms.
portion of silicon
A 'Portion Of Silicon' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:silicon atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only nickel atoms.
portion of nickel
A 'Portion Of Nickel' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:nickel atom.
Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only yttrium atoms.
portion of yttrium
A 'Portion Of Yttrium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:yttrium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only zirconium atoms.
portion of zirconium
A 'Portion Of Zirconium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:zirconium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only copper atoms.
portion of copper
A 'Portion Of Copper' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:copper atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only bohrium atoms.
portion of bohrium
A 'Portion Of Bohrium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:bohrium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only fluorine atoms.
portion of fluorine
A 'Portion Of Fluorine' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:fluorine atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only platinum atoms.
portion of platinum
A 'Portion Of Platinum' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:platinum.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only cerium atoms.
portion of cerium
A 'Portion Of Cerium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:cerium.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only sulfur atoms.
portion of sulfur
A 'Portion Of Sulfur' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:sulfur atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only lead atoms.
portion of lead
A 'Portion Of Lead' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:lead atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only krypton atoms.
portion of krypton
A 'Portion Of Krypton' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:krypton atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only bismuth atoms.
portion of bismuth
A 'Portion Of Bismuth' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:bismuth atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only neon atoms.
portion of neon
A 'Portion Of Neon' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:neon atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only thallium atoms.
portion of thallium
A 'Portion Of Thallium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:thallium.
A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek Î¸Î±Î»Î»Î¿Ï, a green shoot).
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only selenium atoms.
portion of selenium
A 'Portion Of Selenium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:selenium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only ruthenium atoms.
portion of ruthenium
A 'Portion Of Ruthenium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:ruthenium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only magnesium atoms.
portion of magnesium
A 'Portion Of Magnesium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:magnesium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only zinc atoms.
portion of zinc
A 'Portion Of Zinc' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:zinc atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only mercury atoms.
portion of mercury
A 'Portion Of Mercury' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:mercury atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only xenon atoms.
portion of xenon
A 'Portion Of Xenon' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:xenon atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only aluminium atoms.
portion of aluminium
A 'Portion Of Aluminium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:aluminium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only sodium atoms.
portion of sodium
A 'Portion Of Sodium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:sodium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only iodine atoms.
portion of iodine
A 'Portion Of Iodine' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:iodine atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only caesium atoms.
portion of caesium
A 'Portion Of Caesium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:caesium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only chlorine atoms.
portion of chlorine
A 'Portion Of Chlorine' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:chlorine atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only silver atoms.
portion of silver
A 'Portion Of Silver' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:silver atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only samarium atoms.
portion of samarium
A 'Portion Of Samarium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:samarium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only manganese atoms.
portion of manganese
A 'Portion Of Manganese' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:manganese atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only arsenic atoms.
portion of arsenic
A 'Portion Of Arsenic' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:arsenic atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only beryllium atoms.
portion of beryllium
A 'Portion Of Beryllium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:beryllium atom.
Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only calcium atoms.
portion of calcium
A 'Portion Of Calcium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:calcium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only neodymium atoms.
portion of neodymium
A 'Portion Of Neodymium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:neodymium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only hydrogen atoms.
portion of hydrogen
A 'Portion Of Hydrogen' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:hydrogen atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only osmium atoms.
portion of osmium
A 'Portion Of Osmium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:osmium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only iridium atoms.
portion of iridium
A 'Portion Of Iridium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:iridium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only gallium atoms.
portion of gallium
A 'Portion Of Gallium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:gallium atom.
A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only bromine atoms.
portion of bromine
A 'Portion Of Bromine' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:bromine atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only tin atoms.
portion of tin
A 'Portion Of Tin' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:tin atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only hafnium atoms.
portion of hafnium
A 'Portion Of Hafnium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:hafnium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only uranium atoms.
portion of uranium
A 'Portion Of Uranium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:uranium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only oxygen atoms.
portion of oxygen
A 'Portion Of Oxygen' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:oxygen atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only palladium atoms.
portion of palladium
A 'Portion Of Palladium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:palladium.
Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only vanadium atoms.
portion of vanadium
A 'Portion Of Vanadium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:vanadium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only scandium atoms.
portion of scandium
A 'Portion Of Scandium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:scandium atom.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only titanium atoms.
portion of titanium
A 'Portion Of Titanium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:titanium atom.
steel
Steel is a ferrous alloy that consists of iron and carbon and possibly other alloying elements (and possibly impurities).
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only carbon atoms.
portion of carbon
A 'Portion Of Carbon' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:carbon atom.
ferrous alloy
A ferrous alloy is a metal describing an alloy containing iron as its principal element, often combined with other elements for enhanced properties.
nature constant
A nature constant is a generically dependent continuant whose value, magintude or configuration is determined by nature including physics and mathematics.
Examples of nature constants are the speed of light, pi, and the 14 Bravais lattices.
generically dependent continuant
(Elucidation) A generically dependent continuant is an entity that exists in virtue of the fact that there is at least one of what may be multiple copies which is the content or the pattern that multiple copies would share
The pdf file on your laptop; the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop; the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule; the content that is shared by a string of dots and dashes written on a page and the transmitted Morse code signal; the content of a sentence; an engineering blueprint
polycrystal
Polycrystal is an object aggregate that has continuant part some crystal grains
graphite
A mineral that has part some crystal that in turn consists of some portion of carbon
mineral
A mineral is a material that has part some crystal.
medium role
Medium role is a role beared by an object which implies that the object serves as an intermediary for the transmission of something else, like energy, force, or information.
Air in the air cooling process, N2 atmosphere in a furnace cooling process, oil in a quenching process, crystal lattice in a solid state diffusion
aerosol
An aerosol is a disconnected material entity aggregate which: 1. consists of some portion of matter whose aggregate state quality concretizes gasous and 2. consists of some portion of matter whose aggregate state quality concretises solid or liquid (TODO: express that this portion is also a disconnected material entity aggregate)
foam
A foam is a material entity aggregate that conssists of some 'Composite Material' c. The parts of c that bear the filler role are vacuum-filled or gas filled pores. The parts of c that bear the matrix role consist of a material that is bearer of solid or liquid aggregate state. One pore with its sourrounding matrix is called 'cell'. Depending of the interconnectedness of the pores the foam is open- or closed-cell.
connected material entity aggregate
A material entity aggregate that is a mereological sum of separate material entities, which adhere to one another through chemical bonds or physical junctions that go beyond gravity.
the atoms of a molecule, the molecules forming the membrane of a cell, the epidermis in a human body
Despite has characteristic from RO does not have any domain constraints, it is still not possible to directly connect an instance of a process with an instance of a SDC. First, SDC is dependent on a IC. As RO does not have "bearer of" object property, the "has characteristic" implies that the domain should be an IC. Second, characteristic of is a functional property. Thus, two triples SDC_1 characteristc of IC_1 and SDC_2 characteristc of Process_1 (where IC_1 participates in Process_1), cannot exist simultaneously. An example of such case can be "Temperature of during the annealing process was 1000°C". Temperature is an SDC of some participant of the annealing, however it is not clear whether it is an SDC of an oven or of a sample in the oven. If we assert triple Annealing--> has characteristic --> Temperature 1000°C, then the correct triple connecting temperature SDC with either oven or specimen cannot exist.
refers to
a relation between a process attribute and an SDC of some participant in a process
a relation to between a process attribute an a SDC of some participant in a process.
thermodynamic system
A thermodynamic system is an object aggregate whose objects are bearer of thermodynamic properties. A thermodynamic system environs a thermodynamic process by which the thermodynamic properties of the objects of the thermodynamic system change over time.
reversible process
A reversible process is a process whose participants form a thermodynamic system with an entropy S and S remains constant during the process.
driving force of phase in system
The driving force is the the gradient of the activity of a phase in a thermodynamic system.
For α â β: ÎG = G_β â G_α. If ÎG < 0, the transformation is thermodynamically favorable; many report the driving force as F = âÎG > 0.
relational quality
b is a relational quality =Def b is a quality & there exists c and d such that c and d are not identical & b specifically depends on c & b specifically depends on d
A marriage bond; an instance of love; an obligation between one person and another
See metastable phase
stable phase
A stable phase is a phase that does not have a "pmd:disposition of a phase to transform" in the "pmd:phase transformation" it participates.
A phase that participates in a phase transformation pt and pt that is not a metastable phase.
phase (thermodynamic)
A thermodynamic phase is portion of matter that is part of a thermodynamic system and has homogeneus thermodynamic properties.
The stability of a phase can only be evaluated in the context of a (possibly unknown) phase transformation process.
metastable phase
A metastable phase phase_trans is a phase that has a "pmd:disposition of a phase to transform" disp_trans and disp_trans is realized in a "pmd:phase transformation" proc_trans and proc_trans has participant sys_trans and sys_trans has part phase_trans.
lot
A lot is an object aggregate whose parts are output of the same prodction process.
process chain
A process chain is a process that 'has contiuant part' subprocesses S1...Sn where S1...Sn precede each other and where some object or object aggregate that are output of Sn are then input to Sn+1.
product (chemical reaction)
Product is the role of a material entity that is output of a chemical reaction and is created or transformed during the reaction.
educt
Educt is the role of a material entity that is input of a chemical reaction and is consumed or transformed during the reaction
catalyst
Catalyst is the role of a participant in a chemical reaction that does not alter its qualities/realizable entities after the chemical reaction.
It is defined on the phase diagram at fixed composition and typically proceeds by diffusionâcontrolled nucleation and growth (e.g., γ â α + Fe3C producing pearlite in steels).
eutectoid phase transformation
A eutectoid phase transformation is a phase transformation in which a solid parent phase of eutectoid composition decomposes into two distinct solid daughter phases at constant temperature and pressure.
The number of phases involved can vary as well as the mechanisms involved can be different.
phase transformation
A thermodynamic phase transformation is a process in/of a thermodynamic system, that involves the transformation of phases of the system to other phases.
volume
Volume is a three dimensional size.
size
Size is the quality of a material entity that describes its spatial extend.
component
A component is an object aggregate that bears a function in a technical system.
technical system
A technical system is an object aggretate: 1. that is output of a manufacturing process, 2. that bears some function 3. whose continuant parts are some components.
It proceeds by nucleation and growth.
precipitation (phase)
Precipitation from a supersaturated solid solution is a phase transformation process in which a single supersaturated parent phase decomposes into a soluteâdepleted matrix and dispersed, compositionally distinct precipitate phases.
It is marked on phase diagrams by a peritectic point and proceeds by an interfacial, diffusionâcontrolled reaction that is often kinetically sluggish, leading to incomplete transformation or complex microstructures during solidification.
peritectic phase transformation
A peritectic phase transformation is a phase transformation in which a liquid parent phase and an existing solid phase react on cooling to form a different solid phase (L + α â β).
Unlike nucleation and growth transformations, it has no nucleation barrier and proceeds by uphill diffusion and wavelengthâselective amplification of composition modulations, producing an interconnected, compositionally modulated microstructure that coarsens over time.
spinodal decomposition
Spinodal decomposition is a diffusionâcontrolled continuous phase transformation in which a single homogeneous solutionspontaneously separates into two compositionally distinct phases by amplification of infinitesimal concentration fluctuations.
parent phase role
The parent phase role is the role of a phase that dissolves during the phase transformation process. As such, the bearer is a metastable phase.
daughter phase role
The daugther phase role is the role of a phase that forms during the phase transformation process.
In metallography the term phase is sometimes used to denote microconstituents. To avoid confusion, the term phase should only be used for thermodynamic phases.
microconstituent (phase mixture)
A portion of matter that has one or more thermodynamic phases arranged in a characteristic spatial configuration (morphology) as parts.
Pearlite is a microconstituent that has as parts the thermodynamic phases ferrite (α-Fe) and cementite (Fe3C) as parts. The characteristic spatial arrangement is in that case the lamellar orientation of the phases. Martensite is a microconstituent that has as part the thermodynamic ferrite phase with characteristic morphologies and chemistry. Its presence and amount is governed by the processing path and kinetics.
activation energy
Definition not final
Process attribute characterizing the kinetics of a phase transformation (aka chemical reaction).
eutectic phase transformation
A eutectic phase transformation is a phase transformation in which a liquid parent phase decomposes into two distinct solid daughter phases at constant temperature and pressure.
The disposition is grounded in the phases activity in the thermodynamic system in question.
disposition of a phase to transform
The disposition of a phase to transform into another phase in a phase transformation process.
disposition
(Elucidation) A disposition b is a realizable entity such that if b ceases to exist then its bearer is physically changed & b's realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer's physical make-up
An atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y; the cell wall is disposed to transport cellular material through endocytosis and exocytosis; certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer; children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways
heat (metallurgy)
A heat is a fixed amount of metallic alloy that may be input to some Manifacturing Process.
Rohling-Rolle
blank role
âBlank.â Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/blank. Accessed 25 Nov. 2022.
Role of an object, which is realized in a preparation process
Some portion of material, which to be made into something by a further operation.
section
Section is a planar fiat surface cutting across the object
fiat surface
(Elucidation) A fiat surface is a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that is self-connected
The surface of the Earth; the plane separating the smoking from the non-smoking zone in a restaurant
defect role
A defect role is a role of an independent continuant C indicating that C may affect a material entity E's ability to realize a function. C is continuant part of E.
A crack in an structural member may affect its ability to carry a load.
amount of substance
Amount of substance n is a molar propotion when the whole is a object aggregate N, which has Avogadro number objects (of same type) as parts (n = N/N_A).
molar proportion
Molar Ratio
The Molar Proportion is the proportion which quantifies the entities count of the part in relation to the entites count of the whole.
The molar ratio of hydrogen gas H2 molecules to water H2O molecules is 1/1 in the oxyhydrogen reaction. The molar ratio of oxigen molecules O2 to water molecules is 2/1. The molar ratio of carbon dioxide to average atmosphere air is 420 ppm as of 2022 AD.
fraction value specification
Fraction value specification is a value specification that contains information about quantative share of a part relative to a specified whole.
2.05 wt.% of carbon in steel, 4 vol.% of nictric acid in a solution
A relation between a value specification and an entity which the specification is about.
A pure substance is a chemical substance composed of multiple molecules, which are all of the same kind.
Pure water, a portion of iron atoms. In contrast, salt water 'has part' a portion of pure water and a portion of pure NaCl. Steel 'has part' a 'portion of pure iron', a 'portion of pure carbon' and possibly portions of other alloying- and impurity-elements.
Frequently used for fluidic portions of matter and/or in the context of chemical reactions. Boundary to material not always sharp.
A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types.
has member
has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item.
composition specification
Composition specification is an information content entity that is conretized by composition of a portion of matter and has memebers fraction specifications of portions of other matters (but not chemical elements) of which the whole portion of matter consists of (has parts).
Nitric acid solution has quality composition , which concretizes the composition specification .The composition specification has parts fraction specifications of nitric acid, e.g., 4 vol.%, and distilled water. These fraction specifications specify value of pure substances of nitric acid and distilled water, respectively. Furthermore, these fraction specifications are conretized by relational qualities (volume) proportion of nitric acid and (volume) proportion of distilled water.
covalent bond
A covalent bond is a bond that forms when nonmetal atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.
In a water molecule (HâO), the hydrogen and oxygen atoms share electrons.
ionic bond
An ionic bond is a bond that occurs when one atom donates an electron to another atom, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract each other.
An example is the interaction between the atoms of sodium chloride (NaCl), where the sodium atom donates an electron to a chlorine atom.
low-density polyethylene
Low-Density Polyethylene is a Polyethylene that is characterized by a branched molecular structure and low density.
polyethylene
Polyethylene is a Thermoplastic that is composed of repeating ethylene monomer units.
high-density polyethylene
High-Density Polyethylene is a Polyethylene that is characterized by a linear molecular structure and high density.
linear low-density polyethylene
Linear Low-Density Polyethylene is a Polyethylene that is distinguished by its linear backbone with short-chain branching.
isotactic polypropylene
Isotactic Polypropylene is a Polypropylene in which all the methyl groups are aligned on the same side of the polymer chain.
polypropylene
Polypropylene is a Thermoplastic that is composed of repeating propylene monomer units.
syndiotactic polypropylene
Syndiotactic Polypropylene is a Polypropylene in which the methyl groups alternate regularly along the polymer chain.
atactic polypropylene
Atactic Polypropylene is a Polypropylene in which the methyl groups are randomly distributed along the polymer chain.
rigid polyvinyl chloride
Rigid PVC is a Polyvinyl Chloride that is characterized by its stiffness and durability.
uPVC
polyvinyl chloride
Polyvinyl Chloride is a Thermoplastic that is formed by the polymerization of vinyl chloride monomers.
flexible polyvinyl chloride
Flexible PVC is a Polyvinyl Chloride that has been modified with plasticizers to impart flexibility.
general purpose polystyrene
General Purpose Polystyrene is a Polystyrene that is valued for its clarity and ease of processing.
polystyrene
Polystyrene is a Thermoplastic that is produced by the polymerization of styrene monomers.
high impact polystyrene
High Impact Polystyrene is a Polystyrene that is modified with rubber to improve its impact resistance.
amorphous polyethylene terephthalate
Amorphous PET is a Polyethylene Terephthalate that is characterized by a non-crystalline structure.
polyethylene terephthalate
Polyethylene Terephthalate is a Thermoplastic that is synthesized from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol.
crystalline polyethylene terephthalate
Crystalline PET is a Polyethylene Terephthalate that is distinguished by its ordered, crystalline structure.
bisphenol a epoxy
Bisphenol A Epoxy is an Epoxy Resin that is formulated using bisphenol A to enhance its mechanical properties.
epoxy resins
Epoxy Resins are Thermosetting Polymers that form rigid, cross-linked networks upon curing.
novolac epoxy
Novolac Epoxy is an Epoxy Resin that is based on novolac resins to provide improved thermal and chemical resistance.
phenol-formaldehyde resin
Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin is a Phenolic Resin that is synthesized from phenol and formaldehyde.
phenolic resins
Phenolic Resins are Thermosetting Polymers formed by the reaction of phenol with formaldehyde.
melamine formaldehyde
Melamine Formaldehyde is a Thermosetting Polymer produced from melamine and formaldehyde, known for its high hardness.
thermosetting polymers
A Thermosetting Polymer is a Polymer that, once cured, irreversibly sets into a permanent shape.
urea formaldehyde
Urea Formaldehyde is a Thermosetting Polymer formed from urea and formaldehyde, commonly used in adhesives and molding compounds.
natural rubber
Natural Rubber is an Elastomer that is derived from the latex of rubber trees.
elastomers
An Elastomer is a Polymer that exhibits elasticity by returning to its original shape after deformation.
styrene-butadiene rubber
Styrene-Butadiene Rubber is a Synthetic Rubber that is composed of styrene and butadiene to enhance abrasion resistance.
synthetic rubber
Synthetic Rubber is an Elastomer that is produced through chemical synthesis to mimic natural rubberâs properties.
nitrile butadiene rubber
Nitrile Butadiene Rubber is a Synthetic Rubber that is formulated from acrylonitrile and butadiene to provide resistance to oils and chemicals.
ethylene propylene diene monomer
Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer is a Synthetic Rubber produced from ethylene, propylene, and a diene monomer to offer excellent weather resistance.
polylactic acid
Polylactic Acid is a Biodegradable Polymer produced from renewable resources such as corn starch.
biodegradable polymers
Biodegradable Polymers are Polymers that have the biodegradability disposition. They can be decomposed by biological organisms into environmentally benign substances (carbon dioxide and methane, mineral salts or new biomass) in a non-harmful timescale.
polyhydroxyalkanoates
Polyhydroxyalkanoates are Biodegradable Polymers that are biosynthesized by microorganisms from sugars or lipids.
polybutylene succinate
Polybutylene Succinate is a Biodegradable Polymer that is a thermoplastic polyester recognized for its compostability.
earthenware
Earthenware is a Clay-Based Ceramic that is formed at relatively low temperatures, resulting in a porous, rustic material.
clay-based ceramics
Clay-Based Ceramics are Silicate Ceramics that are formed from natural clays.
stoneware
Stoneware is a Clay-Based Ceramic that is fired at higher temperatures than earthenware to yield a denser, more durable material.
porcelain
Porcelain is a Clay-Based Ceramic that is distinguished by its translucency, strength, and refined appearance.
mullite
Mullite is an Aluminosilicate that is a Silicate Ceramic known for its excellent high-temperature stability.
aluminosilicates
Aluminosilicates are Silicate Ceramics that consist of aluminum and silicon oxides.
kaolinite
Kaolinite is an Aluminosilicate that is a Silicate Ceramic based on the mineral kaolinite, valued for its fine particle size and plasticity.
Durchmesser
diameter
âDiameter.â Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/diameter. Accessed 5 Dec. 2022.
Die Länge einer geraden Linie durch den Mittelpunkt eines Objekts oder Raums.
The length of a straight line through the center of an object or space.
leucite-based glass-ceramics
Leucite-Based Glass-Ceramics are Glass-Ceramics that are Non-Clay Ceramics containing leucite crystals to enhance thermal and mechanical properties.
glass-ceramics
Glass-Ceramics are Non-Clay Ceramics that are produced by controlled crystallization of glass, combining properties of both glass and ceramics.
fritted ceramics
Fritted Ceramics are Non-Clay Ceramics that are manufactured by fusing and subsequently grinding glass materials.
non-clay ceramics
Non-Clay Ceramics are Traditional Ceramics that are formed from raw materials other than clay.
alumina
Alumina is an Oxide Ceramic that is an Advanced Ceramic composed of aluminum oxide, renowned for its hardness and insulation properties.
oxide ceramics
Oxide Ceramics are Advanced Ceramics that are composed primarily of metal oxides.
yttria-stabilized zirconia
Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia is a Zirconia that is an Oxide Ceramic stabilized with yttria to enhance its thermal and mechanical performance.
zirconia
Zirconia is an Oxide Ceramic that is an Advanced Ceramic composed of zirconium dioxide, noted for its high strength and toughness.
magnesia-stabilized zirconia
Magnesia-Stabilized Zirconia is a Zirconia that is an Oxide Ceramic stabilized with magnesia to improve its thermal stability.
titania
Titania is an Oxide Ceramic that is an Advanced Ceramic composed of titanium dioxide, used for its photocatalytic and pigment properties.
beryllia
Beryllia is an Oxide Ceramic that is an Advanced Ceramic composed of beryllium oxide, valued for its high thermal conductivity and electrical insulation.
silicon carbide
Silicon Carbide is a Carbide Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of silicon and carbon, celebrated for its high hardness and thermal conductivity.
carbide ceramics
Carbide Ceramics are Non-Oxide Ceramics that consist of metal carbides.
tungsten carbide
Tungsten Carbide is a Carbide Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of tungsten and carbon, recognized for its exceptional wear resistance.
boron carbide
Boron Carbide is a Carbide Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of boron and carbon, known for its remarkable hardness and low density.
silicon nitride
Silicon Nitride is a Nitride Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of silicon and nitrogen, offering high fracture toughness.
nitride ceramics
Nitride Ceramics are Non-Oxide Ceramics that are composed of metal nitrides.
aluminum nitride
Aluminum Nitride is a Nitride Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of aluminum and nitrogen, prized for its high thermal conductivity.
boron nitride
Boron Nitride is a Nitride Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of boron and nitrogen, with a structure analogous to graphite.
titanium diboride
Titanium Diboride is a Boride Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of titanium and boron, valued for its high hardness and melting point.
boride ceramics
Boride Ceramics are Non-Oxide Ceramics that consist of metal borides.
zirconium diboride
Zirconium Diboride is a Boride Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of zirconium and boron, known for its excellent thermal conductivity and stability.
alumina matrix composites
Alumina Matrix Composites are Oxide-Oxide Composites that use alumina as the primary matrix reinforced by secondary oxide phases.
oxide-oxide composites
Oxide-Oxide Composites are Composite Ceramics that consist entirely of oxide ceramic phases.
zirconia matrix composites
Zirconia Matrix Composites are Oxide-Oxide Composites that use zirconia as the primary matrix reinforced by additional oxide phases.
silicon carbide matrix composites
SiC Matrix Composites are Non-Oxide Composites that are built with silicon carbide as the primary matrix reinforced by other ceramic phases.
non-oxide composites
Non-Oxide Composites are Composite Ceramics that are formed by combining ceramic phases other than oxides.
carbon-silicon carbide composites (carbon-silicon carbide)
C-SiC Composites are Non-Oxide Composites that consist of a carbon matrix reinforced with silicon carbide, enhancing high-temperature performance.
barium titanate
Barium Titanate is a Dielectric Ceramic that is an Electroceramic composed of barium, titanium, and oxygen, noted for its ferroelectric properties.
dielectric ceramics
Dielectric Ceramics are Electroceramics that serve primarily as electrical insulators due to their high dielectric constants.
lead zirconate titanate
Lead Zirconate Titanate is a Dielectric Ceramic that is an Electroceramic composed of lead, zirconium, and titanium, renowned for its piezoelectric behavior.
soft ferrites
Soft Ferrites are Magnetic Ceramics that are characterized by low coercivity and high permeability, making them ideal for transformer cores.
magnetic ceramics (ferrites)
Magnetic Ceramics are Electroceramics that exhibit magnetic properties, typically based on iron oxides combined with other metal oxides.
hard ferrites
Hard Ferrites are Magnetic Ceramics that are characterized by high coercivity, making them suitable for permanent magnets.
yttrium barium copper oxide
Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide is a Superconducting Ceramic that is composed of yttrium, barium, copper, and oxygen, notable for its high critical temperature.
superconducting ceramics
Superconducting Ceramics are Electroceramics that exhibit zero electrical resistance below a critical temperature.
bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide
Bismuth Strontium Calcium Copper Oxide is a Superconducting Ceramic that is composed of bismuth, strontium, calcium, copper, and oxygen, featuring a layered crystal structure.
alumina-based ceramics
Alumina-Based Ceramics are Bioinert Ceramics that are composed primarily of alumina, valued for their biocompatibility.
bioinert ceramics
Bioinert Ceramics are Bioceramics that are designed to remain inert in biological environments to minimize adverse reactions.
zirconia-based ceramics
Zirconia-Based Ceramics are Bioinert Ceramics that are composed primarily of zirconia, offering high strength and inertness.
hydroxyapatite
Hydroxyapatite is a Bioactive Ceramic that is composed of calcium phosphate and closely resembles the mineral component of bone.
bioactive ceramics
Bioactive Ceramics are Bioceramics that interact with biological tissues to promote bonding or regeneration.
bioglass
Bioglass is a Bioactive Ceramic that is a silicate-based glass formulated to bond with and stimulate biological tissues.
tricalcium phosphate
Tricalcium Phosphate is a Bioresorbable Ceramic that is composed of calcium phosphate, commonly used in bone grafting applications.
bioresorbable ceramics
Bioresorbable Ceramics are Bioceramics that are designed to gradually be resorbed and replaced by natural tissue.
calcium sulfate
Calcium Sulfate is a Bioresorbable Ceramic that is composed of calcium sulfate, known for its solubility in biological environments.
clear float glass
Clear Float Glass is a form of Soda-Lime Glass that is known for its clarity and uniform thickness.
soda-lime glass
Soda-Lime Glass is a Silicate Glass that is formulated from silica, soda, and lime and is widely used in windows and containers.
patterned glass
Patterned Glass is a form of Soda-Lime Glass that is modified with surface textures for decorative purposes.
tinted glass
Tinted Glass is a form of Soda-Lime Glass that is treated with coloring agents to alter its light transmission.
pyrex-type glass
Pyrex-Type Glass is a form of Borosilicate Glass that is renowned for its high resistance to thermal shock.
borosilicate glass
Borosilicate Glass is a Silicate Glass that is formulated with boron oxide to improve thermal resistance.
potash lead glass
Potash Lead Glass is a form of Lead Glass that utilizes potash as a flux in addition to lead oxide.
lead glass
Lead Glass is a Silicate Glass that is formulated with lead oxide to increase brilliance and refractive index.
barium glass
Barium Glass is a form of Lead Glass that is modified with barium oxide to alter its optical properties.
high-temperature resistant glass
High-Temperature Resistant Glass is an Aluminosilicate Glass that is engineered to maintain stability at elevated temperatures.
aluminosilicate glass
Aluminosilicate Glass is a form of Silicate Glass that is specifically formulated to resist high temperatures.
phosphate glass
Phosphate Glass is a Non-Silicate Glass that is composed mainly of phosphate compounds, offering distinct optical properties.
non-silicate glasses
Non-Silicate Glasses are Glasses that are not primarily composed of silica.
borate glass
Borate Glass is a Non-Silicate Glass that is composed mainly of boron oxide and is known for its low melting point.
germanate glass
Germanate Glass is a Non-Silicate Glass that is composed primarily of germanium oxide, noted for its infrared transmission.
fused silica glass
Fused Silica Glass is an Optical Glass that is made from pure silica, prized for its high transparency and thermal stability.
optical glass
Optical Glass is Functional Glass that is formulated for high-precision light transmission and refractive performance.
crown glass
Crown Glass is an Optical Glass that is characterized by its low dispersion and high clarity.
flint glass
Flint Glass is an Optical Glass that is distinguished by its high refractive index and dispersion.
ion-exchanged glass
Ion-Exchanged Glass is a form of Chemically Strengthened Glass that is produced by exchanging ions to improve durability.
chemically strengthened glass
Chemically Strengthened Glass is a Specialty Glass that is treated via chemical processes to enhance its strength.
aluminosilicate gorilla glass
Aluminosilicate Gorilla Glass is a Chemically Strengthened Glass that is enhanced with an aluminosilicate composition for superior scratch resistance.
toughened (tempered) glass
Toughened Glass is a Specialty Glass that is mechanically treated to increase its strength and safety.
specialty glasses
Specialty Glasses are Advanced Glasses that are engineered for specific functional roles.
laminated glass
Laminated Glass is a Specialty Glass that is composed of multiple bonded layers to improve safety and acoustic performance.
electrochromic glass
Electrochromic Glass is a Specialty Glass that can reversibly change its light transmission properties when an electrical voltage is applied.
photochromic glass
Photochromic Glass is a Specialty Glass that alters its optical properties in response to exposure to light.
thermochromic glass
Thermochromic Glass is a Specialty Glass that changes its optical properties as a function of temperature.
lithium disilicate glass-ceramics
Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramics are Glass-Ceramics that contain lithium disilicate crystals to provide high strength and aesthetic appeal.
transparent glass-ceramics
Transparent Glass-Ceramics are Glass-Ceramics that are engineered to maintain optical transparency despite partial crystallization.
indium tin oxide coated glass
Indium Tin Oxide Coated Glass is a form of Conductive Glass that is coated with a thin film of indium tin oxide to enable electrical conduction.
conductive glass
Conductive Glass is Functional Glass that has been modified to exhibit electrical conductivity.
fluorine-doped tin oxide glass
Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide Glass is a form of Conductive Glass that is coated with tin oxide doped with fluorine for enhanced conductivity.
iron-borosilicate glass
Iron-Borosilicate Glass is a Magnetic Glass that incorporates iron and borosilicate compounds to display magnetic behavior.
magnetic glass
Magnetic Glass is Functional Glass that is modified to exhibit magnetic properties.
cobalt-borosilicate glass
Cobalt-Borosilicate Glass is a Magnetic Glass that is formulated with cobalt to enhance its magnetic properties.
chalcogenide glass
Chalcogenide Glass is a Nonlinear Optical Glass that is composed of chalcogen elements, offering infrared transmission and nonlinear optical behavior.
nonlinear optical glass
Nonlinear Optical Glass is Functional Glass that is engineered to display nonlinear optical responses under intense light.
tellurite glass
Tellurite Glass is a Nonlinear Optical Glass that is formulated with tellurium oxide to achieve a high refractive index and nonlinear properties.
45S5 bioglass
45S5 Bioglass is a Silicate-Based Bioactive Glass with a specific composition known for its ability to bond with bone.
silicate-based bioactive glass
Silicate-Based Bioactive Glass is a Bioactive Glass that is composed primarily of silicate compounds to facilitate bonding with biological tissue.
S53P4 bioglass
S53P4 Bioglass is a Silicate-Based Bioactive Glass formulated with a distinct composition for enhanced bioactivity.
phosphate-based bioactive glass
Phosphate-Based Bioactive Glass is a Bioactive Glass that is composed predominantly of phosphate compounds.
bioactive glass
Bioactive Glass is Advanced Glass that is designed to interact beneficially with biological tissues.
borate-based bioactive glass
Borate-Based Bioactive Glass is a Bioactive Glass that is formulated with borate compounds to promote biological interaction.
iron-based metallic glass
Iron-Based Metallic Glass is an Amorphous Metal Glass that is predominantly composed of iron.
amorphous metal glass
Amorphous Metal Glass is Glass that is characterized by a disordered, non-crystalline atomic structure, resembling a frozen liquid.
magnesium-based metallic glass
Magnesium-Based Metallic Glass is an Amorphous Metal Glass that is primarily composed of magnesium, noted for its low density.
zirconium-based metallic glass
Zirconium-Based Metallic Glass is an Amorphous Metal Glass that is composed mainly of zirconium, valued for its corrosion resistance and strength.
Dicke
thickness
Diese Klasse beschreibt das gemessene Maà in einer Richtung eines Prüfkörpers.
This class describes the measured dimension in one direction of a test piece.
Breite
width
Diese Klasse beschreibt eine horizontale Messung eines Objekts, die im rechten Winkel zur Länge des Objekts vorgenommen wird.
This class describes a horizontal measurement of an object taken at right angles to the length of the object.
3D Geometrie
shape 3d
Eine 3D Geometrie ist eine geometrische Form, die in drei Dimensionen existiert, mit Länge, Breite und Höhe, und die durch ihre räumlichen Eigenschaften wie Volumen und Oberfläche definiert werden kann.
A shape 3D is a geometry shape that exists in three dimensions, having length, width, and height, and can be defined by its spatial properties such as volume and surface area.
Beispiele sind Formen wie Würfel, Kugeln und Pyramiden.
Examples include shapes like cubes, spheres, and pyramids.
Geometrische Form
geometry shape
Dieses Konzept beschreibt die geometrischen Abmessungen und das Erscheinungsbild (Form und AbmaÃe) einer Probe, eines Prüfkörpers oder eines Prüfstücks, wie sie üblicherweise durch eine entsprechende Norm definiert sind. Dementsprechend ist der angegebene Formwert in Ãbereinstimmung mit der definierenden Norm anzugeben, z. B. "Zugprüfstück Form 1 gemäà Anhang B der Zugversuchsnorm".
This concept describes the geometric dimensions and appearance (shape and dimensions) of a sample, specimen, or test piece as usually defined by a corresponding standard. Accordingly, the shape value given is in accordance with the defining standard, e.g., âtensile test piece shape 1 in accordance with annex B of the tensile test standardâ.
device specification
A directive information entity that outlines the technical requirements, features, constraints, and performance criteria of a specific device, guiding its design, manufacturing, operation, or maintenance.
directive information entity
An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process.
2009-03-16: provenance: a term realizable information entity was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000337) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was "is the specification of a process that can be concretized and realized by an actor" with alternative term "instruction".It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term.
2013-05-30 Alan Ruttenberg: What differentiates a directive information entity from an information concretization is that it can have concretizations that are either qualities or realizable entities. The concretizations that are realizable entities are created when an individual chooses to take up the direction, i.e. has the intention to (try to) realize it.
8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: Changed label from "information entity about a realizable" after discussions at ICBO
Werner pushed back on calling it realizable information entity as it isn't realizable. However this name isn't right either. An example would be a recipe. The realizable entity would be a plan, but the information entity isn't about the plan, it, once concretized, *is* the plan. -Alan
material specification
A directive information entity that defines the composition, properties, performance criteria, and acceptable standards for a material, guiding its selection, processing, and application in a specific context.
recipe
A plan specification that outlines the ingredients, proportions, and procedural steps required to prepare a specific product, typically in cooking, manufacturing, or chemical processes.
plan specification
PMID: 18323827.Nat Med. 2008 Mar;14(3):226.New plan proposed to help resolve conflicting medical advice.
A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts, and that may be concretized as a realizable entity that, if realized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified.
2009-03-16: provenance: a term a plan was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000344) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was " a plan is a specification of a process that is realized by an actor to achieve the objective specified as part of the plan". It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term.
2014-03-31: A plan specification can have other parts, such as conditional specifications.
2022-01-16 Updated definition to that proposed by Clint Dowloand, IAO Issue 231.
Alternative previous definition: a plan is a set of instructions that specify how an objective should be achieved
OBI Plan and Planned Process branch
specification datum
A data item that provides specification for entities
data item
Data items include counts of things, analyte concentrations, and statistical summaries.
An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements.
2014-03-31: See discussion at http://odontomachus.wordpress.com/2014/03/30/aboutness-objects-propositions/
2/2/2009 Alan and Bjoern discussing FACS run output data. This is a data item because it is about the cell population. Each element records an event and is typically further composed a set of measurment data items that record the fluorescent intensity stimulated by one of the lasers.
2009-03-16: data item deliberatly ambiguous: we merged data set and datum to be one entity, not knowing how to define singular versus plural. So data item is more general than datum.
2009-03-16: removed datum as alternative term as datum specifically refers to singular form, and is thus not an exact synonym.
JAR: datum -- well, this will be very tricky to define, but maybe some information-like stuff that might be put into a computer and that is meant, by someone, to denote and/or to be interpreted by some process... I would include lists, tables, sentences... I think I might defer to Barry, or to Brian Cantwell Smith JAR: A data item is an approximately justified approximately true approximate belief
optical measuring system role
A role played by a system that uses optical techniques to measure, observe, or evaluate physical properties or geometries of a material or object.
uncertainty
A quantitative indication of the doubt about a measurement result, expressing the range within which the true value is expected to lie.
measuring process
A planned process of determining the value of a physical quantity by comparing it with a defined unit or standard.
test piece preparation process
A planned processes in which a representative piece of material is extracted from a larger amount and readied for analysis.Â
process environment
A material entity that surrounds or interacts with a process, influencing its conditions or outcomes, such as temperature, pressure, or atmosphere.
date value specification
A datum that represents a date or time interval associated with another specification.
project designation
an identifier assigned to distinguish and reference a specific project.
identifier
operator identification
A textual entity intended to identify a particular operator
written name
A textual entity that denotes a particular in reality.
denotes
A person's name denotes the person. A variable name in a computer program denotes some piece of memory. Lexically equivalent strings can denote different things, for instance "Alan" can denote different people. In each case of use, there is a case of the denotation relation obtaining, between "Alan" and the person that is being named.
A primitive, instance-level, relation obtaining between an information content entity and some portion of reality. Denotation is what happens when someone creates an information content entity E in order to specifically refer to something. The only relation between E and the thing is that E can be used to 'pick out' the thing. This relation connects those two together. Freedictionary.com sense 3: To signify directly; refer to specifically
2009-11-10 Alan Ruttenberg. Old definition said the following to emphasize the generic nature of this relation. We no longer have 'specifically denotes', which would have been primitive, so make this relation primitive. g denotes r =def r is a portion of reality there is some c that is a concretization of g every c that is a concretization of g specifically denotes r
Conversations with Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters, Bjoern Peters, Michel Dumontier, Melanie Courtot, James Malone, Bill Hogan
test piece preparation specification
an action specification that defines how a test piece is to be prepared before testing.
quality of
this red color is a quality of this apple
a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists.
input of
test piece dimension value
a value specification that specifies the dimensions of a test piece.
hardness testing machine role
A role played by a machine that performs hardness measurements to determine the resistance of materials to deformation.
Vickers hardness testing machine
An instrument used to measure the hardness of materials by pressing a diamond-shaped indenter into the surface and evaluating the resulting indentation.
device designation
an identifier assigned to distinguish and reference a specific device.
indenter role
A role played by a tool or component that creates an indentation in a material to facilitate hardness testing or surface characterization.
indenter
body with a hard tip, typically of diamond, hardmetal (tungsten carbide alloy), or, in special cases, steel, of specified geometry through which the test force is applied in the course of an indentation test
angle
A property that represents the measure of rotation or inclination between two intersecting lines or planes, independent of the size of the object.
relational quality of
The 'relational quality of' is more strict that 'quality of' from RO, since domain is 'relational quality'. The motivtion to introduce an object property for relational qualities is the following: RO's 'quality of' is functional i.e., a->b, a->c => b=c. The functionality is relevant for most of the SDC -> IC triples, expect for relational qualities, which per definiton can be simultaneously inherited in >=2 ICs. Thus, 'relational quality of' has the same intention to connect SDC to IC, however, without cardinality constraints.
a relation between a relational quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
mass proportion m is relational qualitiy of material, and the same mass proportion m is relational qualitiy of portion of iron
A value specification that consists of two parts: a numeral and a unit label
material designation
certified reference material role
A role played by a material that provides certified property values to support calibration, validation, or quality assurance activities.
object designation
an identifier assigned to distinguish and reference a specific object.
The concept refers to an absolute tempeature, not to be mistaken with temperature difference.
To express that an object has a temperature, the property 'intensive bearer of' can be used. It implies a chain of: object consists of some portion of matter and portion of matter bearer of some temperature.
temperature
The temperature is a fundamental intensive quality representing the average atomic or molcular movement or vibration of a portion of matter.
atmosphere
An environment consisting of gases that surround a material or process, affecting its physical or chemical behavior.
occurs in
b occurs in c =Def b is a process or a process boundary & c is a material entity or site & there exists a spatiotemporal region r & b occupies spatiotemporal region r & for all time t, if b exists at t then c exists at t & there exist spatial regions s and s' where b spatially projects onto s at t & c occupies spatial region s' at t & s is a continuant part of s' at t
A process of digestion occurs in the interior of an organism; a process of loading artillery rounds into a tank cannon occurs in the interior of the tank
temperature measuring process
A planned process of determining the thermal state of a system or material by comparing it against a defined temperature scale using appropriate instruments.
force
Force is a reciprocal relation realized between two objects where the other object exerces the same force with opposite sign onto the first. Force may be responsible for changes in velocity and/or deformation of objects.
expriment designing process
A planned process of planning and structuring experimental methods, conditions, and variables to reliably test hypotheses or obtain data.
Vickers test hardness value
a value specification that specifies the hardness value from a Vickers hardness test.
indentation diagonal
The straight-line distance between two opposite corners of an indentation made during a hardness test.
output of
averaging process
A process in which multiple measurements or data points are combined to produce a single representative value, typically to reduce noise or variability.
reporting process
A process of collecting, organizing, and presenting information or results in a structured form for communication or documentation.
is concretized as
A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The journal article (a generically dependent continuant) is concretized as the quality (a specifically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant or process, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant or process in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant or process also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants or processes.
chemical composition
The chemical composition is a quality describing the types and proportions of elements or compounds present in a material.
test piece chemical composition specification
an information content entity that specifies the values of the chemical components of a test piece material.
chemical composition specification
Chemical composition specification is an information content entity that is conretized by chemical composition of a material and has memebers fraction specifications of portions of chemical elements of which the material consists of (has parts).
Steel has quality chemical composition , which concretizes the chemical composition specification .The chemical composition specification has parts fraction specifications of iron and carbon. These fraction specifications specify value of portion of iron and portion of carbon respectively. Furthermore, these fraction specifications are conretized by relational qualities (mass) proportion of iron and (mass) proportion of carbon.
test piece material designation
an identifier assigned to specify the material of a test piece
occurrent part of
(Elucidation) occurrent part of is a relation between occurrents b and c when b is part of c
Mary's 5th birthday is an occurrent part of Mary's life; the first set of the tennis match is an occurrent part of the tennis match
has temporal part
b has temporal part c =Def c temporal part of b
Your life has temporal part the first year of your life
environs
b environs c =Def c occurs in b
Mouth environs process of mastication; city environs traffic
site
(Elucidation) A site is a three-dimensional immaterial entity whose boundaries either (partially or wholly) coincide with the boundaries of one or more material entities or have locations determined in relation to some material entity
A hole in a portion of cheese; a rabbit hole; the Grand Canyon; the Piazza San Marco; the kangaroo-joey-containing hole of a kangaroo pouch; your left nostril (a fiat part - the opening - of your left nasal cavity); the lumen of your gut; the hold of a ship; the interior of the trunk of your car; hole in an engineered floor joist
A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances.
datum label
A label is a symbol that is part of some other datum and is used to either partially define the denotation of that datum or to provide a means for identifying the datum as a member of the set of data with the same label
A relation between an information content entity and a value specification that specifies its value.
denoted by
inverse of the relation 'denotes'
entity
(Elucidation) An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist
Julius Caesar; the Second World War; your body mass index; Verdi's Requiem
textual entity
A textual entity is a part of a manifestation (FRBR sense), a generically dependent continuant whose concretizations are patterns of glyphs intended to be interpreted as words, formulas, etc.
is specified input of
some Autologous EBV(Epstein-Barr virus)-transformed B-LCL (B lymphocyte cell line) is_input_for instance of Chromum Release Assay described at https://wiki.cbil.upenn.edu/obiwiki/index.php/Chromium_Release_assay
A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
disposition of
specified by value
A relation between an entity and a value specification which is about this entity.
A two-dimensional information content entity is a representation or analysis, commonly applied in studying planar material properties or surface phenomena.
indentation hardness
The indentation hardness is a hardness representing the resistance of a material to deformation from an indenter, used to assess surface hardness.
stiffness
The stiffness is a mechanical property describing the resistance of a material to deformation under an applied force.
A Portion Of Matter that consists of only Iron atoms.
portion of iron
A 'Portion Of Iron' is a 'Poriton Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:iron atom.
alloy
An alloy is a material containing any metallic element as its principal element, often combined with other elements for enhanced properties.
Härteprüfmaschine
hardness testing machine
Ein Gerät zur Messung der Härte von Materialien durch verschiedene Prüfmethoden wie Eindrück- oder Kratzversuche.
A device used to measure the hardness of materials through various testing methods such as indentation or scratch tests.
Härteprüfverfahren
hardness testing process
Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Verformung misst und typischerweise Eindringverfahren verwendet, um die Härte zu bestimmen.
A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that measures a material's resistance to deformation, typically using indentation methods to determine hardness.
Hardness testing of steel using the Rockwell method to classify its grade for industrial applications.
Heizfunktion
heating function
Eine Heizfunktion ist eine (realisierbare) Funktion, die ein System oder Gerät in die Lage versetzt, die Wärmeenergie eines Materials zu erhöhen, um die für die Verarbeitung, Umwandlung oder Reaktion erforderlichen Temperaturen zu erreichen.
A heating function is a (realizable) function that, when realized, enables a system or device to increase the thermal energy of a material, typically to reach temperatures required for processing, transformation, or reaction.
The function of a resistance heater in a vacuum furnace.
Kühlfunktion
cooling function
Eine Kühlfunktion ist eine (realisierbare) Funktion, die es einem System oder Gerät ermöglicht, die Temperatur eines Materials zu senken, häufig um die Erstarrung zu steuern oder einen stabilen Zustand unterhalb eines gewünschten thermischen Schwellenwerts aufrechtzuerhalten.
A cooling function is a (realizable) function that, when realized, enables a system or device to lower the temperature of a material, often to control solidification or maintain a stable state below a desired thermal threshold.
The function of a water-cooled mold to solidify molten metal in casting.
metal
Classified by morphology.
A metal is an engineered material representing a class of materials characterized by high electrical and thermal conductivity, ductility, and metallic bonding.
has characteristic
this apple is bearer of this red color
this vase is bearer of this fragility
Inverse of characteristic_of
A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist.
metallic bond
A metallic bond is a bond that forms between metal atoms, where electrons are shared in a "sea" of electrons that move freely around the metal ions. This type of bonding gives metals their characteristic properties such as conductivity and malleability.
morphological property
A morphological property is a material property representing the characteristics of a material's structure, such as shape, size, and distribution of its features.
deformation
The deformation is a process describing a change in the shape, size, or structure of a material under the influence of stress or force.
strength
The strength is a mechanical property describing the maximum stress a material can withstand before failure.
surface layer (fiat object part)
A surface layer (fiat object part) is a fiat object part that is part of only object. The surface layer is the three dimensional region defining the outermost layer of an object, where surface-interactions with other material entities occur. What is considered as the surface is thus defined by the interaction process.
When considering optical properties of a surface layer (fiat object part) of a polished piece of metal we likely consider a different three dimensional spatial region than when considering the scratch hardness properties of the same polished piece of metal.
fiat object part
(Elucidation) A fiat object part b is a material entity & such that if b exists then it is continuant part of some object c & demarcated from the remainder of c by one or more fiat surfaces
The upper and lower lobes of the left lung; the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body; the Western hemisphere of the Earth; the FMA:regional parts of an intact human body
precipitate role
Precipitate is the role of a Portion Of Matter that implies being hosted in a Matrix and the Precipitate derives from the Matrix or the Precipitate derives from the Thing that the Matrix derives from.
fluid (object)
fuild (object) is an object that consists of some portion of matter which bears an aggregate state that concretizes a liquid or gaseous aggregate state.
silicate glasses
Silicate Glasses are Glasses that are composed primarily of silica.
Form
shape
âShape.â Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/shape. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023.
Das sichtbare Ausstattungsmerkmal (räumliche Form oder Kontur) eines bestimmten Objektes oder einer Art von Objekt.
The visible makeup characteristic (spatial form or contour) of a particular item or kind of item.a
two-dimensional spatial region
(Elucidation) A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is a whole consisting of a surface together with zero or more surfaces which may have spatial regions of lower dimension as parts
The surface of a sphere-shaped part of space; an infinitely thin plane in space
spatial region
(Elucidation) A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant part of the spatial projection of a portion of spacetime at a given time
As for zero-dimensional spatial region, one-dimensional spatial region, two-dimensional spatial region, three-dimensional spatial region
zero-dimensional spatial region
(Elucidation) A zero-dimensional spatial region is one or a collection of more than one spatially disjoint points in space
The spatial region occupied at some time instant by the North Pole
one-dimensional spatial region
(Elucidation) A one-dimensional spatial region is a whole consisting of a line together with zero or more lines which may have points as parts
An edge of a cube-shaped portion of space; a line connecting two points; two parallel lines extended in space
three-dimensional spatial region
(Elucidation) A three-dimensional spatial region is a whole consisting of a spatial volume together with zero or more spatial volumes which may have spatial regions of lower dimension as parts
A cube-shaped region of space; a sphere-shaped region of space; the region of space occupied by all and only the planets in the solar system at some point in time
fiat line
(Elucidation) A fiat line is a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that is continuous
The Equator; all geopolitical boundaries; all lines of latitude and longitude; the median sulcus of your tongue; the line separating the outer surface of the mucosa of the lower lip from the outer surface of the skin of the chin
continuant fiat boundary
(Elucidation) A continuant fiat boundary b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions & such that there is no time t when b has a spatial region as continuant part & whose location is determined in relation to some material entity
As for fiat point, fiat line, fiat surface
fiat point
(Elucidation) A fiat point is a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that consists of a single point
The geographic North Pole; the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico and Arizona meet; the point of origin of some spatial coordinate system
An iron group element atom that has atomic number 26.
A cell sorting process achieves the objective specification 'material separation objective'
This relation obtains between a planned process and a objective specification when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process.
objective specification
In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction.
A directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved.
2009-03-16: original definition when imported from OBI read: "objective is an non realizable information entity which can serve as that proper part of a plan towards which the realization of the plan is directed."
2014-03-31: In the example of usage ("In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction") there is a protocol which is the ChIP assay protocol. In addition to being concretized on paper, the protocol can be concretized as a realizable entity, such as a plan that inheres in a person. The objective specification is the part that says that some protein and DNA interactions are identified. This is a specification of a process endpoint: the boundary in the process before which they are not identified and after which they are. During the realization of the plan, the goal is to get to the point of having the interactions, and participants in the realization of the plan try to do that.
Answers the question, why did you do this experiment?
OBI Plan and Planned Process/Roles Branch
has input
p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p.
has output
p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p.
application of accoustic wave
An application of (an) acoustic wave is an application of (a) mechanical load describing the use of sound waves in a material or system for testing or functional purposes.
boiling point
The boiling point is a phase boundary described by the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas under standard atmospheric pressure.
phase boundary
A phase boundary is a morphological property denoting the interface between two distinct phases of a material, such as solid-liquid or liquid-gas boundaries.
change of aggregate state
A change of aggregate state is a phase transition (change of phase) involving the collective state of particles in a material, such as melting or condensation.
crack growth
The crack growth is an evolution of damage describing the progressive extension of a crack in a material under stress.
evolution of damage
An evolution of damage is a process representing the progression of material degradation under mechanical, thermal, or chemical stresses.
application of electric field
An application of (an) electric field is the process of subjecting a material to an electric field to observe its behavior or modify its properties.
melting point
The melting point is a phase boundary described by the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid under standard atmospheric pressure.
waver irradiation
A waver irradiation is an irradiation describing an exposure of a material or system to electromagnetic waves or radiation.
pore growth
Pore Growth is an evolution of damagfe describing the process by which voids or pores in a material increase in size, often affecting its mechanical and physical properties.
structural and chemical decay
The structural and chemical decay is an evolution of damage describing the deterioration of a material's structure and composition over time due to environmental or operational conditions.
sublimation point
The sublimation point is a phase boundary that describes the temperature at which a material transitions directly from a solid to a gaseous state without passing through the liquid phase.
Temperaturänderungsfunktion
temperature change function
Eine Unterfunktion der Wärmebehandlung, die durchgeführt wird, um Temperaturänderungen hervorzurufen, um die Materialeigenschaften zu verändern.
A subfunction of heat treatment performed to induce changes in temperature to alter material properties.
application of heat flux
An application of heat flux describes the process of transferring thermal energy to or from a material, often used in thermal property measurements.
triple point
The triple point is a phase boundary described by the specific temperature and pressure at which three phases of a substance coexist in equilibrium.
bainite
austenite
ferrite
mass proportion
The Mass Proportion is a Proportion which quantifies the mass of the part relative to the mass of the whole.
proportion
concentration
fraction
A Proportion is a relational quality between two entites (the whole and the part) which quantifies the relation between the whole and its part.
volume proportion
The Mass Proportion is a Proportion which quantifies the volume of the part relative to the volume of the whole.
ledeburite
pearlite
widmanstatten structure
martensite
Typical configuration independent contributions to the free energy are temperature, pressure, chemical composition and magnetic contributions. Typical configuration dependent contributions are interface energy contributions.
activity of a phase
Quality of a thermodynamic phase that characterizes its free energy.
extensive quality
An extensive quality is a qualty that inheres in only object or object aggregate or fiat object part or chemical entity and is dependent on the bearers (system-) size.
crack
A crack is a physical separation of a material entity at the level of (atomic) Bonds.
notch
A notch is a geometric feature of the 'surface layer' of an object that introduces a strong change in shape or cross section.
pore
A pore is a cavity in the 'bulk' of an object
metallic grain structure
metallic grain structure characterizes the distinct phases in the microscopic structure of a metallic material. It concretizes ferrite, austenite, martensite, etc.
metallic grain structures
Metallic grain structures are descriptors for the morphology of polycrystalline metallic materials. Polycrystalline metallic materials will typically form their grain structures as one of those categories or a transition or mixture state of those.
intensive quality
Point property
An intensive quality is a qualty that inheres in only portion of matter and thus is independent of the bearers (system-) size.
has relational quality
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a relational quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
material has relational quality mass proportion m, and portion of iron has the same relational quality mass proportion m
thermoplastics
A Thermoplastic is a Polymer that becomes moldable when heated and solidifies upon cooling.
polymer
A polymer is an engineered material that consists of many repeated subunits (monomers) to form long chains. The atoms within a polymer chain are bonded together by covalent bonds. The intermolecular forces between polymer chains are typically represented by Van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds.
natural ceramics
Natural Ceramics (Traditional Ceramics) are Ceramics that are produced using conventional methods with natural raw materials such as clay and silica.
ceramic
Ceramics are engineered materials described as non-metallic, inorganic materials characterized by high hardness, brittleness, and heat resistance, commonly used in engineering applications.
silicate ceramics
Silicate Ceramics are Traditional Ceramics that are composed primarily of silicate minerals.
non-oxide ceramics
Non-Oxide Ceramics are Advanced Ceramics that are composed of compounds other than metal oxides.
composite ceramics
Composite Ceramics are Advanced Ceramics that are produced by combining two or more ceramic phases to enhance overall performance.
technical ceramics
Technical Ceramics (Advanced Ceramics) are Ceramics that are engineered for high-performance applications.
electroceramics
Electroceramics are Ceramics that are specifically engineered for electrical, magnetic, or superconducting applications.
bioceramics
Bioceramics are Ceramics that are engineered to be compatible with biological systems.
functional glass
Functional Glass is Advanced Glass that is designed to perform specific roles beyond conventional optical applications.
diagonal
A straight line connecting two non-adjacent corners or vertices of a polygon.
calculating process
A process in which numerical or symbolic operations are performed to derive a result from given data or parameters.
action specification
Pour the contents of flask 1 into flask 2
A directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take.
A value specification that is specifies one category out of a fixed number of nominal categories
mechanical property
A mechanical property is a material property that inheres in a material M when an object O_target that consists of M is stimulated in a process through an interaction with an object O_stimulus and M changes its stress/strain/..(mechanical?) SDCs. TODO: Check general class axiom and defintion altogether !!!
Biologische Abbaubarkeit
biodegradabilty
European Commission: Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, Biodegradability of plastics in the open environment, Publications Office of the European Union, 2021, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/690248
"[Biologische Abbaubarkeit] [...] beschreibt die mikrobielle Umwandlung all seiner organischen Bestandteile in Kohlendioxid oder â unter sauerstofffreien Bedingungen â in Kohlendioxid und Methan, neue mikrobielle Biomasse und Mineralsalze verstanden, und zwar innerhalb eines Zeitraums, der so kurz ist, dass es nicht zu dauerhaften Schäden oder Anreicherungen in der offenen Umwelt kommt."
"[Biodegradabilty] [...] is understood as the microbial conversion of all its organic constituents to carbon dioxide (or carbon dioxide and methane in conditions where oxygen is not present), new microbial biomass and mineral salts, within a timescale short enough not to lead to lasting harm or accumulation in the open environment."
Biodegradability is a disposition of a material which specifies its capability to be fully microbially converted into inorganic end products (COâ, CHâ, mineral salts, biomass) within an environmentally non-harmful timescale.
It is often composed of silica-based compounds.
glass
A glass is an engineered material present as an amorphous solid typically formed by rapid cooling of a melt.
Härteprüfgerät
hardness tester
Ein Härteprüfgerät ist eine Härteprüfmaschine, die den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Verformung, typischerweise durch Eindrücken, misst.
A Hardness Tester is a Hardness Testing Machine that measures the resistance of a material to deformation, typically by indentation.
indentation
A localized impression or mark on a materialâs surface created during a hardness test or mechanical interaction.
has quality
this apple has quality this red color
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist.
exists at
(Elucidation) exists at is a relation between a particular and some temporal region at which the particular exists
First World War exists at 1914-1916; Mexico exists at January 1, 2000
immaterial entity
b is an immaterial entity =Def b is an independent continuant which is such that there is no time t when it has a material entity as continuant part
As for fiat point, fiat line, fiat surface, site
zero-dimensional temporal region
(Elucidation) A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is a whole consisting of one or more separated temporal instants as parts
A temporal region that is occupied by a process boundary; the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident
An information content entity that is the outcome of a dubbing process and is used to refer to one instance of entity shared by a group of people to refer to that individual entity.
identifier creating process
A planned process that provides a reference to an individual entity shared by a group of subscribers to refer to that individual entity.
chemical potential
The chemical potential is a thermodynamic quality describing the energy change associated with the addition of a small quantity of a substance to a system at constant temperature and pressure.
electric potential
The electric potential is a thermodynamic quality describing the amount of work needed to move a unit charge from a reference point to a specific location in an electric field.
occurence of chemical reaction
The occurrence of (a) chemical reaction is the process in which substances interact to form new chemical compounds or alter their molecular structure.
responding process
The responding process is a process describing the reaction of a material or system to an applied stimulus.
occurence of electic field
The occurrence of (an) electric field is a process describing the presence or generation of an electric field in a material or system.
occurence of magnetic field
The occurrence of (a) magenetic field is a process describing the presence or generation of a magnetic field in a material or system.
bravais lattice triclinic primitve
bravais lattice monoclinic primitive
bravais lattice monoclinic base-centered
bravais lattice orthorombic primitive
bravais lattice orthorhombic base-centered
bravais lattice orthorhombic body-centered
bravais lattice orthorhombic face-centered
bravais lattice tetragonal primitive
bravais lattice tetragonal body-centered
bravais lattice hexagonal rhombohedral primitive
bravais lattice hexagonal hexagonal primitive
bravais lattice cubic primitive
bravais lattice cubic body-centered
bravais lattice cubic face-centered
bravais lattice (3d)
The Bravais Lattice is a nature constant that describes the possible geometric arrangement of lattice points in a crystal. The present descriptor is limited to the 14 possible three-dimensional arrangements. TODO: possibly extend for 2D (Graphene etc) More elaborate crystal descriptions may be found in http://emmo.info/domain-crystallography/crystallography or https://purls.helmholtz-metadaten.de/disos/cso
aggregate state value
The aggregate state type is a nature constant that concretizes the aggregatge state quality.
aggregate state solid
A state where the bonds between entites trasmit shear forces.
aggregate state liquid
A state where the bonds of the entites transmit no shear force.
aggregate state gasous
A state where the entities have no bonding.
aggregate state plasma
An aggregate state where the entites are atom nuclei and have no bonds.
aggregate state atom gas
A gaseous state where the gas entities are atoms.
aggregate state supercritical fluid
A state with strong bindings between entites that do not transmit shear force.
aggregate state mesomorphic
A state where some bonds transmit shear stresses and some do not.
aggregate state suprafluid
A state with frictionless binding that transmits no shear force between entites.
aggregate state suprasolid
A state that exhibits suprafluid and solid properties.
Mass is relevant in such processes as gravitation, acceleration, etc.
mass
Mass is fundamental extensive quality.
energy
Energy is a quality of material entities which manifests as a capacity to perform work (such as causing motion or the interaction of molecules)
internal energy
Internal energy is a universal extensive quality that specifies the bearers potential to do work.
interatomic interaction energy
Interatomic interaction energy is added/removed from the atom aggregate if one atom is moved infinitely away from the rest of the aggregate.
Trennen Funktion
cut function
Schneidfunktion
Eine Funktion, die ausgeführt wird, um Materialien mit Schneidgeräten zu trennen oder zu teilen.
A function performed to separate or divide materials using cutting devices.
evaluant role
When a specimen of blood is assayed for glucose concentration, the blood has the evaluant role. When measuring the mass of a mouse, the evaluant is the mouse. When measuring the time of DNA replication, the evaluant is the DNA. When measuring the intensity of light on a surface, the evaluant is the light source.
a role that inheres in a material entity that is realized in an assay in which data is generated about the bearer of the evaluant role
Role call - 17nov-08: JF and MC think an evaluant role is always specified input of a process. Even in the case where we have an assay taking blood as evaluant and outputting blood, the blood is not the specified output at the end of the assay (the concentration of glucose in the blood is)
examples of features that could be described in an evaluant: quality.... e.g. "contains 10 pg/ml IL2", or "no glucose detected")
ASTM grainsize
The ASTM grain size is a scalar specifically describing the size of grains in a crystalline material as defined by ASTM standards.
aggregate state
The aggregate state is a morphological quality representing the physical state of a material, such as solid, liquid, or gas.
crystal structure
The crystal structure is a morphologic quality that describes the periodic geometric arrangement of entities in a crystalline material. The finite set of periodic geometric arrangements is described by the 14 possible Bravais Lattices in three-dimensional space.
defect density
The defect density is a morphological quality describing the number of defects per unit volume or area in a material, which can affect its mechanical and electronic properties.
density
The density is a universal intensive quality representing the unit mass of a portion of matter per unit volume.
The pressure is commonly measured in Pascals.
pressure
The pressure is a thermodynamic quality describing the force exerted per unit area on a material.
specific surface area
The specific surface area is a morphologic quality describing the total surface area of a material per unit of mass or volume.
grain size distribution
An intensive quality describing the lower length scale object aggregate (grains) that is part of the material.
quality
(Elucidation) A quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized
The colour of a tomato; the ambient temperature of this portion of air; the length of the circumference of your waist; the shape of your nose; the shape of your nostril; the mass of this piece of gold
composition
Composition is a morphological quality describing the types and proportions of compounds (but not chemical elements) present in a portion of matter.
4 vol.% nitric acid solution, Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) Block Copolymer with 50 vol.% of both styrene and butadiene
"occurrent part of" is not a BFO2020 temporalized relation. It just restricts the domain and range to "occurrent". That's why is should be OK to make it sub property of RO "part of"