Vickers Test Ontology
type: Ontology
version IRI: https://w3id.org/pmd/vto/3.0.0
bibliographic citation: Hossein Beygi Nasrabadi and Jörg Waitelonis. Vickers Testing Ontology (VTO). Revision: v3.0.0. Retrieved from: https://materialdigital.github.io/vickers-testing-ontology/3.0.0
created: 2025-12-09
creator: Jörg Waitelonis
creator: Hossein Beygi Nasrabadi
description: Vickers Test Ontology (VTO) has developed for representing the Vickers testing process, testing equipment requirements, test pieces charactristics, and related testing parameters and their measurement procedure according to DIN EN ISO 6507-1 standard.
dcterms:license: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
comment: Reused ontologies: BFO, RO, PMDco V3.0.0-alpha4, NFDIcore V3.0.0, MWO V3.0.0
version info: 3.0.0

example of usage
type: AnnotationProperty
textual definition: A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold.
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>

textual definition
type: AnnotationProperty
textual definition: The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
textual definition: The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
editor note: 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with.
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
label: definition

editor note
type: AnnotationProperty
textual definition: An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology.
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obofoundry.org/obo/obi>

definition source
type: AnnotationProperty
textual definition: Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007
textual definition: formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007
definition source: Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>

Source
type: AnnotationProperty

description
type: AnnotationProperty

dcterms:license
type: AnnotationProperty
label: license

title
type: AnnotationProperty

label
type: AnnotationProperty

isInMinimalProfile
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: Indicates whether the ontology element is part of the minimal profile of the ontology. Useful for modularization, simplified views, or lightweight implementations.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/121
range: boolean

pattern example
type: AnnotationProperty
comment: An editor note referring to a pattern which shows the usage of this class or property.
sub property of: editor note

term tracker annotation
type: AnnotationProperty
textual definition: A term tracker annotation is an editor note used to track the history of an entity. For each change, it records the related GitHub issue and pull request.
editor note: hijacked from http://openenergy-platform.org/ontology/oeo/OEO_00020426
sub property of: editor note

abbreviation
type: AnnotationProperty
definition: A textual annotation used to specify a commonly accepted abbreviation, acronym, or shortened form of a class label. This property is intended to support concise referencing of ontology classes, especially when standard abbreviations are widely used in practice.
example: "DNA" for "Deoxyribonucleic Acid"
sub property of: altLabel

part of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has part
type: TransitiveProperty
example of usage: my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities)
example of usage: my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity)
example of usage: this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood)
textual definition: a core relation that holds between a part and its whole
editor note: Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other.
editor note: Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/
editor note: Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'.

has part
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
example of usage: my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities)
example of usage: my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity)
example of usage: this year has part this day (occurrent parthood)
textual definition: a core relation that holds between a whole and its part
editor note: Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part.
editor note: Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/
editor note: Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'.

has realization
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: realizes
domain: realizable entity
range: process
definition: b has realization c =Def c realizes b
example: As for realizes

realizes
type: ObjectProperty
domain: process
range: realizable entity
definition: (Elucidation) realizes is a relation between a process b and realizable entity c such that c inheres in some d & for all t, if b has participant d then c exists & the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c
example: A balding process realizes a disposition to go bald; a studying process realizes a student role; a process of pumping blood realizes the pumping function of a heart

preceded by
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: precedes
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: b preceded by c =Def b precedes c
example: The temporal region occupied by the second half of the match is preceded by the temporal region occupied by the first half of the match

precedes
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: (Elucidation) precedes is a relation between occurrents o, o' such that if t is the temporal extent of o & t' is the temporal extent of o' then either the last instant of o is before the first instant of o' or the last instant of o is the first instant of o' & neither o nor o' are temporal instants
example: The temporal region occupied by Mary's birth precedes the temporal region occupied by Mary's death.

occurs in
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: environs
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: process boundary
range: Class
  union of: site
  union of: material entity
definition: b occurs in c =Def b is a process or a process boundary & c is a material entity or site & there exists a spatiotemporal region r & b occupies spatiotemporal region r & for all time t, if b exists at t then c exists at t & there exist spatial regions s and s' where b spatially projects onto s at t & c occupies spatial region s' at t & s is a continuant part of s' at t
example: A process of digestion occurs in the interior of an organism; a process of loading artillery rounds into a tank cannon occurs in the interior of the tank

exists at
type: ObjectProperty
domain: entity
range: temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) exists at is a relation between a particular and some temporal region at which the particular exists
example: First World War exists at 1914-1916; Mexico exists at January 1, 2000

has occurrent part
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
inverse of: occurrent part of
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: b has occurrent part c =Def c occurrent part of b
example: Mary's life has occurrent part Mary's 5th birthday

has proper occurrent part
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has occurrent part
inverse of: proper occurrent part of
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: b has proper occurrent part c =Def b has occurrent part c & b and c are not identical
example: As for has occurrent part.

has temporal part
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has occurrent part
inverse of: temporal part of
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: b has temporal part c =Def c temporal part of b
example: Your life has temporal part the first year of your life

occurrent part of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part of
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: (Elucidation) occurrent part of is a relation between occurrents b and c when b is part of c
example: Mary's 5th birthday is an occurrent part of Mary's life; the first set of the tennis match is an occurrent part of the tennis match

Axiom
annotated source: occurrent part of
annotated property: subPropertyOf
annotated target: part of
comment: "occurrent part of" is not a BFO2020 temporalized relation. It just restricts the domain and range to "occurrent". That's why is should be OK to make it sub property of RO "part of"

proper temporal part of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: temporal part of
inverse of: has proper temporal part
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: b proper temporal part of c =Def b temporal part of c & not (b = c)
example: As for temporal part of.

proper occurrent part of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: occurrent part of
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: b proper occurrent part of c =Def b occurrent part of c & b and c are not identical
example: As for occurrent part of.

temporal part of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: occurrent part of
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: b temporal part of c =Def b occurrent part of c & (b and c are temporal regions) or (b and c are spatiotemporal regions & b temporally projects onto an occurrent part of the temporal region that c temporally projects onto) or (b and c are processes or process boundaries & b occupies a temporal region that is an occurrent part of the temporal region that c occupies)
example: Your heart beating from 4pm to 5pm today is a temporal part of the process of your heart beating; the 4th year of your life is a temporal part of your life, as is the process boundary which separates the 3rd and 4th years of your life; the first quarter of a game of football is a temporal part of the whole game

temporally projects onto
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: spatiotemporal region
range: temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) temporally projects onto is a relation between a spatiotemporal region s and some temporal region which is the temporal extent of s
example: The world line of a particle temporally projects onto the temporal region extending from the beginning to the end of the existence of the particle

has proper temporal part
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has temporal part
domain: occurrent
range: occurrent
definition: b has proper temporal part c =Def c proper temporal part of b
example: As for has temporal part.

environs
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: site
  union of: material entity
range: Class
  union of: process
  union of: process boundary
definition: b environs c =Def c occurs in b
example: Mouth environs process of mastication; city environs traffic

history of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has history
type: FunctionalProperty
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
domain: history
range: material entity
definition: (Elucidation) history of is a relation between history b and material entity c such that b is the unique history of c
example: This life is the history of this organism

has history
type: ObjectProperty
domain: material entity
range: history
definition: b has history c =Def c history of b
example: This organism has history this life

occupies temporal region
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: process boundary
range: temporal region
definition: p occupies temporal region t =Def p is a process or process boundary & the spatiotemporal region occupied by p temporally projects onto t
example: The Second World War occupies the temporal region September 1, 1939 - September 2, 1945

occupies spatiotemporal region
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: process boundary
range: spatiotemporal region
definition: (Elucidation) occupies spatiotemporal region is a relation between a process or process boundary p and the spatiotemporal region s which is its spatiotemporal extent
example: A particle emitted by a nuclear reactor occupies the spatiotemporal region which is its trajectory

first instant of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has first instant
domain: temporal instant
range: temporal region
definition: t first instant of t' =Def t is a temporal instant & t' is a temporal region t' & t precedes all temporal parts of t' other than t
example: An hour starting at midnight yesterday has first instant midnight yesterday

has first instant
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: temporal region
range: temporal instant
definition: t has first instant t' =Def t' first instant of t
example: The first hour of a year has first instant midnight on December 31

last instant of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has last instant
domain: temporal instant
range: temporal region
definition: t last instant of t' =Def t is a temporal instant & t' is a temporal region & all temporal parts of t' other than t precede t
example: Last midnight is the last instant of yesterday

has last instant
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: temporal region
range: temporal instant
definition: t has last instant t' =Def t' last instant of t
example: The last hour of a year has last instant midnight December 31

has measurement unit label
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
type: FunctionalProperty
range: measurement unit label

is about
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is subject of
domain: information content entity
example of usage: This document is about information artifacts and their representations
textual definition: A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity.
editor note: 7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. Following discussion with Jonathan Rees, and introduction of "mentions" relation. Weaken the is_about relationship to be primitive. We will try to build it back up by elaborating the various subproperties that are more precisely defined. Some currently missing phenomena that should be considered "about" are predications - "The only person who knows the answer is sitting beside me" , Allegory, Satire, and other literary forms that can be topical without explicitly mentioning the topic.
definition source: Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy

denotes
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is about
inverse of: denoted by
domain: information content entity
range: entity
example of usage: A person's name denotes the person. A variable name in a computer program denotes some piece of memory. Lexically equivalent strings can denote different things, for instance "Alan" can denote different people. In each case of use, there is a case of the denotation relation obtaining, between "Alan" and the person that is being named.
textual definition: A primitive, instance-level, relation obtaining between an information content entity and some portion of reality. Denotation is what happens when someone creates an information content entity E in order to specifically refer to something. The only relation between E and the thing is that E can be used to 'pick out' the thing. This relation connects those two together. Freedictionary.com sense 3: To signify directly; refer to specifically
editor note: 2009-11-10 Alan Ruttenberg. Old definition said the following to emphasize the generic nature of this relation. We no longer have 'specifically denotes', which would have been primitive, so make this relation primitive. g denotes r =def r is a portion of reality there is some c that is a concretization of g every c that is a concretization of g specifically denotes r
definition source: Conversations with Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters, Bjoern Peters, Michel Dumontier, Melanie Courtot, James Malone, Bill Hogan

is quality measurement of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is about
inverse of: is quality measured as
domain: measurement datum
textual definition: m is a quality measurement of q at t. When q is a quality, there is a measurement process p that has specified output m, a measurement datum, that is about q
editor note: 8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: The strategy is to be rather specific with this relationship. There are other kinds of measurements that are not of qualities, such as those that measure time. We will add these as separate properties for the moment and see about generalizing later
editor note: From the second IAO workshop [Alan Ruttenberg 8/6/2009: not completely current, though bringing in comparison is probably important] This one is the one we are struggling with at the moment. The issue is what a measurement measures. On the one hand saying that it measures the quality would include it "measuring" the bearer = referring to the bearer in the measurement. However this makes comparisons of two different things not possible. On the other hand not having it inhere in the bearer, on the face of it, breaks the audit trail. Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which we are awaiting details. -- From the second IAO workshop, various comments, [commented on by Alan Ruttenberg 8/6/2009] unit of measure is a quality, e.g. the length of a ruler. [We decided to hedge on what units of measure are, instead talking about measurement unit labels, which are the information content entities that are about whatever measurement units are. For IAO we need that information entity in any case. See the term measurement unit label] [Some struggling with the various subflavors of is_about. We subsequently removed the relation represents, and describes until and only when we have a better theory] a represents b means either a denotes b or a describes describe: a describes b means a is about b and a allows an inference of at least one quality of b We have had a long discussion about denotes versus describes.
editor note: From the second IAO workshop: An attempt at tieing the quality to the measurement datum more carefully. a is a magnitude means a is a determinate quality particular inhering in some bearer b existing at a time t that can be represented/denoted by an information content entity e that has parts denoting a unit of measure, a number, and b. The unit of measure is an instance of the determinable quality.
editor note: From the second meeting on IAO: An attempt at defining assay using Barry's "reliability" wording assay: process and has_input some material entity and has_output some information content entity and which is such that instances of this process type reliably generate outputs that describes the input.
editor note: This one is the one we are struggling with at the moment. The issue is what a measurement measures. On the one hand saying that it measures the quality would include it "measuring" the bearer = referring to the bearer in the measurement. However this makes comparisons of two different things not possible. On the other hand not having it inhere in the bearer, on the face of it, breaks the audit trail. Werner suggests a solution based on "Magnitudes" a proposal for which we are awaiting details.

denoted by
type: ObjectProperty
domain: entity
range: information content entity
textual definition: inverse of the relation 'denotes'

is quality measured as
type: ObjectProperty
textual definition: inverse of the relation of is quality measurement of
editor note: 2009/10/19 Alan Ruttenberg. Named 'junk' relation useful in restrictions, but not a real instance relationship

is quality specification of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is about
inverse of: quality is specified as
textual definition: A relation between a data item and a quality of a material entity where the material entity is the specified output of a material transformation which achieves an objective specification that indicates the intended value of the specified quality.

quality is specified as
type: ObjectProperty
textual definition: inverse of the relation of is quality specification of
editor note: 2009/10/19 Alan Ruttenberg. Named 'junk' relation useful in restrictions, but not a real instance relationship

has specified input
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
inverse of: is specified input of
domain: planned process
example of usage: see is_input_of example_of_usage
textual definition: The inverse property of is specified input of
editor note: 8/17/09: specified inputs of one process are not necessarily specified inputs of a larger process that it is part of. This is in contrast to how 'has participant' works.

is specified input of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
range: planned process
example of usage: some Autologous EBV(Epstein-Barr virus)-transformed B-LCL (B lymphocyte cell line) is_input_for instance of Chromum Release Assay described at https://wiki.cbil.upenn.edu/obiwiki/index.php/Chromium_Release_assay
textual definition: A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of.

has specified output
type: ObjectProperty
equivalent property:
  inverse of: is specified output of
sub property of: has participant
inverse of: is specified output of
domain: planned process
textual definition: The inverse property of is specified output of

is specified output of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
range: planned process
textual definition: A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of.

achieves_planned_objective
type: ObjectProperty
domain: planned process
range: objective specification
example of usage: A cell sorting process achieves the objective specification 'material separation objective'
textual definition: This relation obtains between a planned process and a objective specification when the criteria specified in the objective specification are met at the end of the planned process.
definition source: PPPB branch derived
pattern example: https://github.com/search

specifies value of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is about
inverse of: specified by value
domain: value specification
textual definition: A relation between a value specification and an entity which the specification is about.

has value specification
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
domain: information content entity
range: value specification
textual definition: A relation between an information content entity and a value specification that specifies its value.
definition source: OBI

characteristic of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has characteristic
type: FunctionalProperty
example of usage: this fragility is a characteristic of this vase
example of usage: this red color is a characteristic of this apple
textual definition: a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence.

has characteristic
type: ObjectProperty
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
range: specifically dependent continuant
example of usage: this apple is bearer of this red color
example of usage: this vase is bearer of this fragility
textual definition: Inverse of characteristic_of
editor note: A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist.

participates in
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has participant
domain: continuant
range: occurrent
example of usage: this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation
example of usage: this input material (or this output material) participates in this process
example of usage: this investigator participates in this investigation
textual definition: a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process

has participant
type: ObjectProperty
domain: occurrent
range: continuant
property chain axiom: has part
example of usage: this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot
example of usage: this investigation has participant this investigator
example of usage: this process has participant this input material (or this output material)
textual definition: a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
editor note: Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time.

is concretized as
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: concretizes
domain: generically dependent continuant
range: Class
  union of: process
  union of: specifically dependent continuant
example of usage: A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The journal article (a generically dependent continuant) is concretized as the quality (a specifically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
example of usage: An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process).
textual definition: A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant or process, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant or process in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant or process also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants or processes.

concretizes
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: process
  union of: specifically dependent continuant
range: generically dependent continuant
example of usage: A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant).
example of usage: An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process).
textual definition: A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant or process and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant or process also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants or processes can concretize the same generically dependent continuant.

function of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: characteristic of
inverse of: has function
domain: function
example of usage: this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme
textual definition: a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.

quality of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: characteristic of
inverse of: has quality
domain: Class
  intersection of: quality
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: relational quality
example of usage: this red color is a quality of this apple
textual definition: a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists.

role of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: characteristic of
inverse of: has role
example of usage: this investigator role is a role of this person
textual definition: a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.

has function
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has characteristic
domain: independent continuant
range: function
example of usage: this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function)
textual definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists.

has quality
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has characteristic
range: quality
example of usage: this apple has quality this red color
textual definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist.

has role
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has characteristic
domain: independent continuant
range: role
example of usage: this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator)
textual definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
editor note: A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.

has disposition
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has characteristic
inverse of: disposition of
domain: independent continuant
range: disposition
textual definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence

disposition of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: characteristic of
textual definition: inverse of has disposition

derives from
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: derives into
example of usage: this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division)
example of usage: this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division)
textual definition: a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
editor note: This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'.

derives into
type: ObjectProperty
example of usage: this parent cell derives into this cell (cell division)
example of usage: this parent nucleus derives into this nucleus (nuclear division)
textual definition: a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity
editor note: This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops into'. To avoid making statements about a future that may not come to pass, it is often better to use the backward-looking 'derives from' rather than the forward-looking 'derives into'.

location of
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: located in
type: TransitiveProperty
example of usage: my head is the location of my brain
example of usage: this cage is the location of this rat
textual definition: a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location
editor note: Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/

located in
type: ObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: independent continuant
domain: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
range: independent continuant
range: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: spatial region
property chain axiom: part of
example of usage: my brain is located in my head
example of usage: this rat is located in this cage
textual definition: a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location
editor note: Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus
editor note: Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/

simultaneous with
type: ObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
textual definition: x simultaneous with y iff ω(x) = ω(y) and ω(α ) = ω(α), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point and '=' indicates the same instance in time.

starts
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part of
inverse of: starts with
textual definition: inverse of starts with
definition source: Allen

starts with
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
type: TransitiveProperty
example of usage: Every insulin receptor signaling pathway starts with the binding of a ligand to the insulin receptor
textual definition: x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.

ends
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part of
inverse of: ends with
textual definition: inverse of ends with

ends with
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
type: TransitiveProperty
textual definition: x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.

has input
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
inverse of: input of
domain: process
property chain axiom: starts with
textual definition: p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p.

has output
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
inverse of: output of
property chain axiom: ends with
textual definition: p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p.

has member
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has part
type: IrreflexiveProperty
textual definition: has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item.
definition source: SIO

input of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
textual definition: inverse of has input

output of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
textual definition: inverse of has output

assay measures characteristic
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: characteristic measured by assay
range: specifically dependent continuant
example of usage: A mass measurement assay measures an material's mass characteristic. A radioactivity detection assay measures the amount of radiation (alpha, beta or gamma ray emmissions) coming from a material.
textual definition: A relation between an assay and a characteristic, in which the assay generates a data item which is a measure of a characteristic.

characteristic measured by assay
type: ObjectProperty
domain: specifically dependent continuant
textual definition: Inverse of 'assay measures characteristic'

executes
type: ObjectProperty
property chain axiom: realizes
property chain axiom: concretizes
textual definition: relationship between a planned process and the plan specification that it carries out; it is defined as equivalent to the composed relationship (realizes o concretizes)
definition source: AGB

is subject of
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Inverse of 'is about'.

has process attribute
type: ObjectProperty
domain: process
range: process attribute
see also: has process attribute from OEO https://openenergyplatform.org/ontology/oeo/OEO_00000500
definition: A relation between a process and a process attribute that depends on it.
example: Tensile testing process has process attribute tensile rate

has state
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is state of
type: InverseFunctionalProperty
domain: Class
  intersection of: continuant
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: temporally qualified continuant
range: temporally qualified continuant
definition: relates a temporally qualified continuant to the unique anchor continuant that it is a temporal phase of
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/185

is state of
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
definition: relates a temporally qualified continuant to the unique anchor continuant that it is a temporal phase of

specified by value
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is subject of
definition: A relation between an entity and a value specification which is about this entity.

complies with
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: is subject of
domain: independent continuant
range: information content entity
label: entspricht @de
definition: complies with is a relation between an independent continuant and an information content entity (e.g., specification or objective) that it conforms to.

in response to
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: responds with
definition: inverse of responds with

responds with
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
domain: realizable entity
range: responding process
definition: The realizable entity must be "stimulated" by some Stimulus in order to respond with the Response. The bearer of the realizable entity must participate in Stimulation as well as in Response.

stimulated by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has realization
range: stimulating process
definition: inverse of stimulates

stimulates
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: realizes
domain: stimulating process
range: behavioral material property
definition: A relation between a stimulating process and material property, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the material property and participates in the stimulating process, and the material property comes to be realized in the course of the stimulating process.

interacts with
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
type: SymmetricProperty
domain: material entity
range: material entity
definition: A relation between participants of a process indicating that some of the participants SDCs are affected during the process due to the interaction of the participants.

causally influences
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: interacts with
domain: Restriction
  on property: has role
  some values from: stimulus role
range: Restriction
  on property: has role
  some values from: stimulation target role
definition: An entity (that is bearer of some stimulation role) causally influences another entity (that is bearer of the stimulation target role) in a process iff the target objects qualites (and/or realizable entities?) are altered in a manner that is significant in the given context/domain of discourse..

refers to
type: ObjectProperty
domain: process attribute
range: specifically dependent continuant
comment: Despite has characteristic from RO does not have any domain constraints, it is still not possible to directly connect an instance of a process with an instance of a SDC. First, SDC is dependent on a IC. As RO does not have "bearer of" object property, the "has characteristic" implies that the domain should be an IC. Second, characteristic of is a functional property. Thus, two triples SDC_1 characteristc of IC_1 and SDC_2 characteristc of Process_1 (where IC_1 participates in Process_1), cannot exist simultaneously. An example of such case can be "Temperature of during the annealing process was 1000°C". Temperature is an SDC of some participant of the annealing, however it is not clear whether it is an SDC of an oven or of a sample in the oven. If we assert triple Annealing--> has characteristic --> Temperature 1000°C, then the correct triple connecting temperature SDC with either oven or specimen cannot exist.
definition: a relation between a process attribute and an SDC of some participant in a process
example: a relation to between a process attribute an a SDC of some participant in a process.

has relational quality
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
inverse of: relational quality of
range: relational quality
property chain axiom: has part
definition: a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a relational quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
example: material has relational quality mass proportion m, and portion of iron has the same relational quality mass proportion m

relational quality of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
editor note: The 'relational quality of' is more strict that 'quality of' from RO, since domain is 'relational quality'. The motivtion to introduce an object property for relational qualities is the following: RO's 'quality of' is functional i.e., a->b, a->c => b=c. The functionality is relevant for most of the SDC -> IC triples, expect for relational qualities, which per definiton can be simultaneously inherited in >=2 ICs. Thus, 'relational quality of' has the same intention to connect SDC to IC, however, without cardinality constraints.
definition: a relation between a relational quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
example: mass proportion m is relational qualitiy of material, and the same mass proportion m is relational qualitiy of portion of iron

has measurement value
type: DatatypeProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: scalar measurement datum
range: double

has specified numeric value
type: DatatypeProperty
sub property of: has specified value
domain: value specification
textual definition: A relation between a value specification and a number that quantifies it.
editor note: A range of 'real' might be better than 'float'. For now we follow 'has measurement value' until we can consider technical issues with SPARQL queries and reasoning.
definition source: OBI

has specified value
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: value specification
textual definition: A relation between a value specification and a literal.
editor note: This is not an RDF/OWL object property. It is intended to link a value found in e.g. a database column of 'M' (the literal) to an instance of a value specification class, which can then be linked to indicate that this is about the biological gender of a human subject.
definition source: OBI

has value
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: information content entity
definition: data property that relates an information content entity to a literal

entity
type: Class
definition: (Elucidation) An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist
example: Julius Caesar; the Second World War; your body mass index; Verdi's Requiem

continuant
type: Class
subclass of: entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: continuant
disjoint with: occurrent
disjoint with: Restriction
  on property: part of
  some values from: occurrent
definition: (Elucidation) A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity
example: A human being; a tennis ball; a cave; a region of space; someone's temperature

occurrent
type: Class
subclass of: entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: occurrent
disjoint with: Restriction
  on property: part of
  some values from: continuant
definition: (Elucidation) An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the start or end of such an entity or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region
example: As for process, history, process boundary, spatiotemporal region, zero-dimensional temporal region, one-dimensional temporal region, temporal interval, temporal instant.

independent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: independent continuant
disjoint with: specifically dependent continuant
disjoint with: generically dependent continuant
definition: b is an independent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is no c such that b specifically depends on c or b generically depends on c
example: An atom; a molecule; an organism; a heart; a chair; the bottom right portion of a human torso; a leg; the interior of your mouth; a spatial region; an orchestra

spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial entity
definition: (Elucidation) A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant part of the spatial projection of a portion of spacetime at a given time
example: As for zero-dimensional spatial region, one-dimensional spatial region, two-dimensional spatial region, three-dimensional spatial region

temporal region
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occurrent part of
  all values from: temporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: temporal part of
  all values from: temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) A temporal region is an occurrent over which processes can unfold
example: As for zero-dimensional temporal region and one-dimensional temporal region

two-dimensional spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: spatial region
definition: (Elucidation) A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is a whole consisting of a surface together with zero or more surfaces which may have spatial regions of lower dimension as parts
example: The surface of a sphere-shaped part of space; an infinitely thin plane in space

spatiotemporal region
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occurrent part of
  all values from: spatiotemporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: temporal part of
  all values from: spatiotemporal region
definition: (Elucidation) A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent that is an occurrent part of spacetime
example: The spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumour; the spatiotemporal region occupied by an orbiting satellite

process
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has occurrent part
  all values from: Class
    union of: process
    union of: process boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occurrent part of
  all values from: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: temporal part of
  all values from: process
definition: (Elucidation) p is a process means p is an occurrent that has some temporal proper part and for some time t, p has some material entity as participant
example: An act of selling; the life of an organism; a process of sleeping; a process of cell-division; a beating of the heart; a process of meiosis; the taxiing of an aircraft; the programming of a computer

disposition
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
disjoint with: role
definition: (Elucidation) A disposition b is a realizable entity such that if b ceases to exist then its bearer is physically changed & b's realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer's physical make-up
example: An atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y; the cell wall is disposed to transport cellular material through endocytosis and exocytosis; certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer; children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways

realizable entity
type: Class
subclass of: specifically dependent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: realizable entity
disjoint with: quality
definition: (Elucidation) A realizable entity is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region & which is of a type some instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type
example: The role of being a doctor; the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet; the function of your reproductive organs; the disposition of your blood to coagulate; the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity

zero-dimensional spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: spatial region
definition: (Elucidation) A zero-dimensional spatial region is one or a collection of more than one spatially disjoint points in space
example: The spatial region occupied at some time instant by the North Pole

quality
type: Class
subclass of: specifically dependent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: quality
definition: (Elucidation) A quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized
example: The colour of a tomato; the ambient temperature of this portion of air; the length of the circumference of your waist; the shape of your nose; the shape of your nostril; the mass of this piece of gold

specifically dependent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: specifically dependent continuant
disjoint with: generically dependent continuant
definition: b is a specifically dependent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region & which is such that b specifically depends on c
example: (with multiple bearers) John's love for Mary; the ownership relation between John and this statue; the relation of authority between John and his subordinates
example: (with one bearer) The mass of this tomato; the pink colour of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its centre; the smell of this portion of mozzarella; the disposition of this fish to decay; the role of being a doctor; the function of this heart to pump blood; the shape of this hole

role
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
definition: (Elucidation) A role b is a realizable entity such that b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be & b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed
example: The priest role; the student role; the role of subject in a clinical trial; the role of a stone in marking a property boundary; the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighbouring administrative territories; the role of a building in serving as a military target

fiat object part
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
definition: (Elucidation) A fiat object part b is a material entity & such that if b exists then it is continuant part of some object c & demarcated from the remainder of c by one or more fiat surfaces
example: The upper and lower lobes of the left lung; the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body; the Western hemisphere of the Earth; the FMA:regional parts of an intact human body

one-dimensional spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: spatial region
definition: (Elucidation) A one-dimensional spatial region is a whole consisting of a line together with zero or more lines which may have points as parts
example: An edge of a cube-shaped portion of space; a line connecting two points; two parallel lines extended in space

object aggregate
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
definition: (Elucidation) An object aggregate is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality (≥1) of objects as member parts which together form a unit
example: The aggregate of the musicians in a symphony orchestra and their instruments; the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint; the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere; a collection of cells in a blood biobank

three-dimensional spatial region
type: Class
subclass of: spatial region
definition: (Elucidation) A three-dimensional spatial region is a whole consisting of a spatial volume together with zero or more spatial volumes which may have spatial regions of lower dimension as parts
example: A cube-shaped region of space; a sphere-shaped region of space; the region of space occupied by all and only the planets in the solar system at some point in time

site
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial entity
definition: (Elucidation) A site is a three-dimensional immaterial entity whose boundaries either (partially or wholly) coincide with the boundaries of one or more material entities or have locations determined in relation to some material entity
example: A hole in a portion of cheese; a rabbit hole; the Grand Canyon; the Piazza San Marco; the kangaroo-joey-containing hole of a kangaroo pouch; your left nostril (a fiat part - the opening - of your left nasal cavity); the lumen of your gut; the hold of a ship; the interior of the trunk of your car; hole in an engineered floor joist

object
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
definition: (Elucidation) An object is a material entity which manifests causal unity & is of a type instances of which are maximal relative to the sort of causal unity manifested
example: An organism; a fish tank; a planet; a laptop; a valve; a block of marble; an ice cube

generically dependent continuant
type: Class
subclass of: continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: generically dependent continuant
definition: (Elucidation) A generically dependent continuant is an entity that exists in virtue of the fact that there is at least one of what may be multiple copies which is the content or the pattern that multiple copies would share
example: The pdf file on your laptop; the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop; the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule; the content that is shared by a string of dots and dashes written on a page and the transmitted Morse code signal; the content of a sentence; an engineering blueprint

function
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
definition: (Elucidation) A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of its bearer's physical make-up & this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artefacts) in order to realize processes of a certain sort
example: The function of a hammer to drive in nails; the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity

process boundary
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has occurrent part
  all values from: process boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has temporal part
  all values from: process boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: occurrent part of
  all values from: Class
    union of: process
    union of: process boundary
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: temporal part of
  all values from: Class
    union of: process
    union of: process boundary
definition: p is a process boundary =Def p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts
example: The boundary between the 2nd and 3rd year of your life

one-dimensional temporal region
type: Class
subclass of: temporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has temporal part
  all values from: Class
    union of: one-dimensional temporal region
    union of: zero-dimensional temporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: temporal part of
  all values from: one-dimensional temporal region
disjoint with: zero-dimensional temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is a whole that has a temporal interval and zero or more temporal intervals and temporal instants as parts
example: The temporal region during which a process occurs

material entity
type: Class
subclass of: independent continuant
disjoint with: immaterial entity
definition: (Elucidation) A material entity is an independent continuant has some portion of matter as continuant part
example: A human being; the undetached arm of a human being; an aggregate of human beings

continuant fiat boundary
type: Class
subclass of: immaterial entity
definition: (Elucidation) A continuant fiat boundary b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions & such that there is no time t when b has a spatial region as continuant part & whose location is determined in relation to some material entity
example: As for fiat point, fiat line, fiat surface

immaterial entity
type: Class
subclass of: independent continuant
definition: b is an immaterial entity =Def b is an independent continuant which is such that there is no time t when it has a material entity as continuant part
example: As for fiat point, fiat line, fiat surface, site

fiat line
type: Class
subclass of: continuant fiat boundary
definition: (Elucidation) A fiat line is a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that is continuous
example: The Equator; all geopolitical boundaries; all lines of latitude and longitude; the median sulcus of your tongue; the line separating the outer surface of the mucosa of the lower lip from the outer surface of the skin of the chin

relational quality
type: Class
subclass of: quality
definition: b is a relational quality =Def b is a quality & there exists c and d such that c and d are not identical & b specifically depends on c & b specifically depends on d
example: A marriage bond; an instance of love; an obligation between one person and another

fiat surface
type: Class
subclass of: continuant fiat boundary
definition: (Elucidation) A fiat surface is a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that is self-connected
example: The surface of the Earth; the plane separating the smoking from the non-smoking zone in a restaurant

fiat point
type: Class
subclass of: continuant fiat boundary
definition: (Elucidation) A fiat point is a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary that consists of a single point
example: The geographic North Pole; the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico and Arizona meet; the point of origin of some spatial coordinate system

zero-dimensional temporal region
type: Class
subclass of: temporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has temporal part
  all values from: zero-dimensional temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is a whole consisting of one or more separated temporal instants as parts
example: A temporal region that is occupied by a process boundary; the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident

history
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: (Elucidation) A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by the material part of a material entity
example: The life of an organism from the beginning to the end of its existence

temporal interval
type: Class
subclass of: one-dimensional temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) A temporal interval is a one-dimensional temporal region that is continuous, thus without gaps or breaks
example: The year 2018.

temporal instant
type: Class
subclass of: zero-dimensional temporal region
definition: (Elucidation) A temporal instant is a zero-dimensional temporal region that has no proper temporal part
example: The millennium

metalloid atom
type: Class
subclass of: atom
textual definition: An atom of an element that exhibits properties that are between those of metals and nonmetals, or that has a mixture of them. The term generally includes boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium, while carbon, aluminium, selenium, polonium, and astatine are less commonly included.

iron atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
textual definition: An iron group element atom that has atomic number 26.

manganese atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

flerovium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
textual definition: A carbon group element atom with a symbol Fl and atomic number 114.

nihonium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
textual definition: A boron group element atom with a symbol Nh and atomic number 113.

moscovium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
textual definition: A pnictogen atom with a symbol Mc and atomic number 115.

livermorium atom
type: Class
subclass of: atom
textual definition: A chalcogen atom with a symbol Lv and atomic number 116.

tennessine atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom
textual definition: A halogen atom with a symbol Ts and atomic number 117.

oganesson atom
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: nonmetal atom
textual definition: A p-block element atom with a symbol Og and atomic number 118.

bromine atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom

cadmium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

calcium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

chlorine atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom

molecular entity
type: Class
subclass of: chemical entity
textual definition: Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity.
editor note: We are assuming that every molecular entity has to be completely connected by chemical bonds. This excludes protein complexes, which are comprised of minimally two separate molecular entities. We will follow up with Chebi to ensure this is their understanding as well

fluorine atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom

chemical entity
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
textual definition: A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances.

group
type: Class
subclass of: chemical entity
textual definition: A defined linked collection of atoms or a single atom within a molecular entity.

iodine atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom
textual definition: Chemical element with atomic number 53.

lead atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

magnesium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

mercury atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

nitrogen atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom

nonmetal atom
type: Class
subclass of: atom

oxygen atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom

potassium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

sodium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

sulfur atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom

tin atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

uranium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

zinc atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

boron atom
type: Class
subclass of: metalloid atom
subclass of: nonmetal atom

arsenic atom
type: Class
subclass of: metalloid atom

selenium atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom

silicon atom
type: Class
subclass of: metalloid atom
subclass of: nonmetal atom

carbon atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom

cobalt atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
textual definition: A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.

vanadium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

tungsten
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

chromium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
textual definition: A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.

nickel atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
textual definition: Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.

phosphorus atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom

molybdenum atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

copper atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

aluminium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

gold atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

ethylene group
type: Class
subclass of: group

lithium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

helium atom
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: nonmetal atom

astatine atom
type: Class
subclass of: nonmetal atom

indium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
textual definition: A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin indicum) blue line in its flame spectrum.

thallium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
textual definition: A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek θαλλοσ, a green shoot).

germanium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metalloid atom
subclass of: nonmetal atom

tellurium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metalloid atom

beryllium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
textual definition: Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4.

silver atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

antimony atom
type: Class
subclass of: metalloid atom

caesium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

ruthenium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

osmium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

barium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

europium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

atom
type: Class
subclass of: chemical entity
textual definition: A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element.

bismuth atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

neon atom
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: nonmetal atom

polonium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
textual definition: A radioactive metallic element discovered in 1898 by Marie Sklodowska Curie and named after her home country, Poland (Latin Polonia).

radon atom
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: nonmetal atom

lanthanoid atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

rubidium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

francium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

strontium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

radium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

scandium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

yttrium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

actinium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

titanium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

zirconium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

hafnium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

niobium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

rutherfordium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

tantalum atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

dubnium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

seaborgium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

technetium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

bohrium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

hassium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

rhodium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
textual definition: A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45.

meitnerium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

palladium
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
textual definition: Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.

platinum
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

darmstadtium
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

roentgenium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
textual definition: A copper group element atom with atomic number 111. The the ninth member of the 6d series of transition metals, it is an extremely radioactive, synthetic element. Average mass is around 281.

cerium
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

neodymium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

promethium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

samarium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

gadolinium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

terbium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

dysprosium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

erbium
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

thulium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

ytterbium
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

lutetium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

thorium
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

protactinium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

neptunium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

plutonium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

americium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

curium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

berkelium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

californium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

einsteinium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

fermium
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

mendelevium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

nobelium
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

lawrencium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

copernicium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
textual definition: A zinc group element atom with a symbol Cn and atomic number 112. All its isotopes are intensely radioactive. Prior to its discovery, it had the placeholder name ununbium (in accordance with IUPAC recommendations). Following its discovery (in Darmstadt, 1996) and subsequent confirmation, the name copernicium was adopted in 2010.

metal atom
type: Class
subclass of: atom
textual definition: An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity.

argon atom
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: nonmetal atom

gallium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom
textual definition: A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq.

hydrogen atom
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: nonmetal atom

holmium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

iridium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

krypton atom
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: nonmetal atom

praseodymium atom
type: Class
subclass of: lanthanoid atom

rhenium atom
type: Class
subclass of: metal atom

xenon atom
type: Class
subclass of: molecular entity
subclass of: nonmetal atom

chemical substance
type: Class
subclass of: chemical entity
subclass of: portion of matter
textual definition: A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types.
comment: Frequently used for fluidic portions of matter and/or in the context of chemical reactions. Boundary to material not always sharp.

pure substance
type: Class
subclass of: chemical substance
textual definition: A pure substance is a chemical substance composed of multiple molecules, which are all of the same kind.
example: Pure water, a portion of iron atoms. In contrast, salt water 'has part' a portion of pure water and a portion of pure NaCl. Steel 'has part' a 'portion of pure iron', a 'portion of pure carbon' and possibly portions of other alloying- and impurity-elements.
isInMinimalProfile: true

measurement unit label
type: Class
subclass of: datum label
example of usage: Examples of measurement unit labels are liters, inches, weight per volume.
textual definition: A measurement unit label is as a label that is part of a scalar measurement datum and denotes a unit of measure.
editor note: 2009-03-16: provenance: a term measurement unit was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000176) , edited by Chris Stoeckert and Cristian Cocos, and subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definition of this, different, term.
editor note: 2009-03-16: review of this term done during during the OBI workshop winter 2009 and the current definition was considered acceptable for use in OBI. If there is a need to modify this definition please notify OBI.

objective specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
example of usage: In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction.
textual definition: A directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved.
editor note: 2009-03-16: original definition when imported from OBI read: "objective is an non realizable information entity which can serve as that proper part of a plan towards which the realization of the plan is directed."
editor note: 2014-03-31: In the example of usage ("In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction") there is a protocol which is the ChIP assay protocol. In addition to being concretized on paper, the protocol can be concretized as a realizable entity, such as a plan that inheres in a person. The objective specification is the part that says that some protein and DNA interactions are identified. This is a specification of a process endpoint: the boundary in the process before which they are not identified and after which they are. During the realization of the plan, the goal is to get to the point of having the interactions, and participants in the realization of the plan try to do that.
editor note: Answers the question, why did you do this experiment?
definition source: OBI Plan and Planned Process/Roles Branch
definition source: OBI_0000217

action specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
example of usage: Pour the contents of flask 1 into flask 2
textual definition: A directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take.
definition source: OBI Plan and Planned Process branch

datum label
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
textual definition: A label is a symbol that is part of some other datum and is used to either partially define the denotation of that datum or to provide a means for identifying the datum as a member of the set of data with the same label
editor note: http://www.golovchenko.org/cgi-bin/wnsearch#4n

data item
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
example of usage: Data items include counts of things, analyte concentrations, and statistical summaries.
textual definition: An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements.
editor note: 2/2/2009 Alan and Bjoern discussing FACS run output data. This is a data item because it is about the cell population. Each element records an event and is typically further composed a set of measurment data items that record the fluorescent intensity stimulated by one of the lasers.
editor note: 2009-03-16: data item deliberatly ambiguous: we merged data set and datum to be one entity, not knowing how to define singular versus plural. So data item is more general than datum.
editor note: 2009-03-16: removed datum as alternative term as datum specifically refers to singular form, and is thus not an exact synonym.
editor note: JAR: datum -- well, this will be very tricky to define, but maybe some information-like stuff that might be put into a computer and that is meant, by someone, to denote and/or to be interpreted by some process... I would include lists, tables, sentences... I think I might defer to Barry, or to Brian Cantwell Smith JAR: A data item is an approximately justified approximately true approximate belief
editor note: 2014-03-31: See discussion at http://odontomachus.wordpress.com/2014/03/30/aboutness-objects-propositions/

symbol
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
example of usage: a serial number such as "12324X"
example of usage: a stop sign
example of usage: a written proper name such as "OBI"
textual definition: An information content entity that is a mark(s) or character(s) used as a conventional representation of another entity.
editor note: 20091104, MC: this needs work and will most probably change
editor note: 2014-03-31: We would like to have a deeper analysis of 'mark' and 'sign' in the future (see https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/154).
definition source: based on Oxford English Dictionary

information content entity
type: Class
subclass of: generically dependent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: entity
example of usage: Examples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs.
textual definition: A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing.
textual definition: An information content entity is an entity that is generically dependent on some artifact and stands in relation of aboutness to some entity.
editor note: 2014-03-10: The use of "thing" is intended to be general enough to include universals and configurations (see https://groups.google.com/d/msg/information-ontology/GBxvYZCk1oc/-L6B5fSBBTQJ).
editor note: information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some digital_entity in obi before split (040907). information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some physical_document in obi before split (040907). Previous. An information content entity is a non-realizable information entity that 'is encoded in' some digital or physical entity.
definition source: OBI_0000142

scalar measurement datum
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has value specification
  some values from: scalar value specification
example of usage: 10 feet. 3 ml.
textual definition: A scalar measurement datum is a measurement datum that is composed of two parts, numerals and a unit label.
editor note: 2009-03-16: we decided to keep datum singular in scalar measurement datum, as in this case we explicitly refer to the singular form
editor note: Would write this as: has_part some 'measurement unit label' and has_part some numeral and has_part exactly 2, except for the fact that this won't let us take advantage of OWL reasoning over the numbers. Instead use has measurment value property to represent the same. Use has measurement unit label (subproperty of has_part) so we can easily say that there is only one of them.

directive information entity
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: realizable entity
textual definition: An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process.
editor note: 2009-03-16: provenance: a term realizable information entity was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000337) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was "is the specification of a process that can be concretized and realized by an actor" with alternative term "instruction".It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term.
editor note: 2013-05-30 Alan Ruttenberg: What differentiates a directive information entity from an information concretization is that it can have concretizations that are either qualities or realizable entities. The concretizations that are realizable entities are created when an individual chooses to take up the direction, i.e. has the intention to (try to) realize it.
editor note: 8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: Changed label from "information entity about a realizable" after discussions at ICBO
editor note: Werner pushed back on calling it realizable information entity as it isn't realizable. However this name isn't right either. An example would be a recipe. The realizable entity would be a plan, but the information entity isn't about the plan, it, once concretized, *is* the plan. -Alan

curation status specification
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  one of: example to be eventually removed
  one of: metadata complete
  one of: organizational term
  one of: ready for release
  one of: metadata incomplete
  one of: uncurated
  one of: pending final vetting
  one of: to be replaced with external ontology term
  one of: requires discussion
subclass of: data about an ontology part
textual definition: The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.
editor note: Better to represent curation as a process with parts and then relate labels to that process (in IAO meeting)
definition source: GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
definition source: OBI_0000266

data about an ontology part
type: Class
subclass of: data item
textual definition: Data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term

plan specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: objective specification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: action specification
example of usage: PMID: 18323827.Nat Med. 2008 Mar;14(3):226.New plan proposed to help resolve conflicting medical advice.
textual definition: A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts, and that may be concretized as a realizable entity that, if realized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified.
editor note: 2009-03-16: provenance: a term a plan was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000344) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was " a plan is a specification of a process that is realized by an actor to achieve the objective specified as part of the plan". It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term.
editor note: 2014-03-31: A plan specification can have other parts, such as conditional specifications.
editor note: 2022-01-16 Updated definition to that proposed by Clint Dowloand, IAO Issue 231.
editor note: Alternative previous definition: a plan is a set of instructions that specify how an objective should be achieved
definition source: OBI Plan and Planned Process branch
definition source: OBI_0000344

measurement datum
type: Class
subclass of: data item
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has value specification
  some values from: value specification
example of usage: Examples of measurement data are the recoding of the weight of a mouse as {40,mass,"grams"}, the recording of an observation of the behavior of the mouse {,process,"agitated"}, the recording of the expression level of a gene as measured through the process of microarray experiment {3.4,luminosity,}.
textual definition: A measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device.
editor note: 2/2/2009 is_specified_output of some assay?
definition source: OBI_0000305
definition source: group:OBI

textual entity
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
textual definition: A textual entity is a part of a manifestation (FRBR sense), a generically dependent continuant whose concretizations are patterns of glyphs intended to be interpreted as words, formulas, etc.

document
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
example of usage: A journal article, patent application, laboratory notebook, or a book
textual definition: A collection of information content entities intended to be understood together as a whole

publication
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: document
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is specified output of
    all values from: publishing process
subclass of: document
example of usage: journal article, newspaper story, book, etc.
textual definition: A document that is the output of a publishing process.

publishing process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
textual definition: A planned process of making information, such as literature, music, and software etc., available to the public for sale or for free.
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publishing

written name
type: Class
subclass of: textual entity
textual definition: A textual entity that denotes a particular in reality.

identifier
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: information content entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: denotes
    some values from: entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is specified output of
    some values from: identifier creating process
subclass of: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: denotes
  some values from: entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is specified output of
  some values from: identifier creating process
textual definition: An information content entity that is the outcome of a dubbing process and is used to refer to one instance of entity shared by a group of people to refer to that individual entity.
isInMinimalProfile: true

identifier creating process
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: planned process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified output
    some values from: identifier
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: identifier
textual definition: A planned process that provides a reference to an individual entity shared by a group of subscribers to refer to that individual entity.

homo sapiens
type: Class
subclass of: material entity

planned process
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: concretizes
    some values from: plan specification
subclass of: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: Restriction
    on property: concretizes
    some values from: plan specification
example of usage: Injecting mice with a vaccine in order to test its efficacy
textual definition: A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification.
editor note: 'Plan' includes a future direction sense. That can be problematic if plans are changed during their execution. There are however implicit contingencies for protocols that an agent has in his mind that can be considered part of the plan, even if the agent didn't have them in mind before. Therefore, a planned process can diverge from what the agent would have said the plan was before executing it, by adjusting to problems encountered during execution (e.g. choosing another reagent with equivalent properties, if the originally planned one has run out.)
editor note: We are only considering successfully completed planned processes. A plan may be modified, and details added during execution. For a given planned process, the associated realized plan specification is the one encompassing all changes made during execution. This means that all processes in which an agent acts towards achieving some objectives is a planned process.
definition source: branch derived

evaluant role
type: Class
subclass of: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  all values from: assay
example of usage: When a specimen of blood is assayed for glucose concentration, the blood has the evaluant role. When measuring the mass of a mouse, the evaluant is the mouse. When measuring the time of DNA replication, the evaluant is the DNA. When measuring the intensity of light on a surface, the evaluant is the light source.
textual definition: a role that inheres in a material entity that is realized in an assay in which data is generated about the bearer of the evaluant role
editor note: Role call - 17nov-08: JF and MC think an evaluant role is always specified input of a process. Even in the case where we have an assay taking blood as evaluant and outputting blood, the blood is not the specified output at the end of the assay (the concentration of glucose in the blood is)
editor note: examples of features that could be described in an evaluant: quality.... e.g. "contains 10 pg/ml IL2", or "no glucose detected")
definition source: OBI

assay
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: evaluant role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified input
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: material entity
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has role
      some values from: evaluant role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: data item
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: is about
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: material entity
        intersection of: Restriction
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: achieves_planned_objective
  some values from: objective specification
example of usage: Assay the wavelength of light emitted by excited Neon atoms. Count of geese flying over a house.
textual definition: A planned process that has the objective to produce information about a material entity (the evaluant) by examining it.
editor note: 12/3/12: BP: the reference to the 'physical examination' is included to point out that a prediction is not an assay, as that does not require physical examiniation.
editor note: Discussion on OBI call 2023-05-01 resulted in an agreement to revise the textual definition of 'assay'. https://github.com/obi-ontology/obi/issues/1683.
definition source: OBI branch derived

organization
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
example of usage: PMID: 16353909.AAPS J. 2005 Sep 22;7(2):E274-80. Review. The joint food and agriculture organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives and its role in the evaluation of the safety of veterinary drug residues in foods.
textual definition: An entity that can bear roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members.
editor note: BP: The definition summarizes long email discussions on the OBI developer, roles, biomaterial and denrie branches. It leaves open if an organization is a material entity or a dependent continuant, as no consensus was reached on that. The current placement as material is therefore temporary, in order to move forward with development. Here is the entire email summary, on which the definition is based: 1) there are organization_member_roles (president, treasurer, branch editor), with individual persons as bearers 2) there are organization_roles (employer, owner, vendor, patent holder) 3) an organization has a charter / rules / bylaws, which specify what roles there are, how they should be realized, and how to modify the charter/rules/bylaws themselves. It is debatable what the organization itself is (some kind of dependent continuant or an aggregate of people). This also determines who/what the bearer of organization_roles' are. My personal favorite is still to define organization as a kind of 'legal entity', but thinking it through leads to all kinds of questions that are clearly outside the scope of OBI. Interestingly enough, it does not seem to matter much where we place organization itself, as long as we can subclass it (University, Corporation, Government Agency, Hospital), instantiate it (Affymetrix, NCBI, NIH, ISO, W3C, University of Oklahoma), and have it play roles. This leads to my proposal: We define organization through the statements 1 - 3 above, but without an 'is a' statement for now. We can leave it in its current place in the is_a hierarchy (material entity) or move it up to 'continuant'. We leave further clarifications to BFO, and close this issue for now.
definition source: GROUP: OBI

plan
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
example of usage: The plan of researcher X to perform an experiment according to a protocol.
textual definition: A plan is a realizable entity that is the inheres in a bearer who is committed to realizing it as a planned process.
editor note: This class is included to make clear how the plan specification, the plan, and the planned process relate. OBI will however only subclass and work under the 'plan specification', and 'planned process' class, as we want to avoid to get deep into discussions of 'intend' etc.
definition source: branch derived

mechanical function
type: Class
subclass of: function
textual definition: A mechanical function is a function that is realised via mechanical work (through an certain amount of energy transferred by some force).
definition source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_work

manufacturer role
type: Class
subclass of: role
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: Class
    union of: homo sapiens
    union of: organization
example of usage: With respect to The Accuri C6 Flow Cytometer System, the organization Accuri bears the role manufacturer role. With respect to a transformed line of tissue culture cells derived by a specific lab, the lab whose personnel isolated the cll line bears the role manufacturer role. With respect to a specific antibody produced by an individual scientist, the scientist who purifies, characterizes and distributes the anitbody bears the role manufacturer role.
textual definition: Manufacturer role is a role which inheres in a person or organization and which is realized by a manufacturing process.
definition source: OBI

manufacturer
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Class
    union of: homo sapiens
    union of: organization
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has role
    some values from: manufacturer role
subclass of: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has role
  some values from: manufacturer role
textual definition: A person or organization that has a manufacturer role.

categorical value specification
type: Class
subclass of: value specification
textual definition: A value specification that is specifies one category out of a fixed number of nominal categories

scalar value specification
type: Class
subclass of: value specification
textual definition: A value specification that consists of two parts: a numeral and a unit label

value specification
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
example of usage: The value of 'positive' in a classification scheme of "positive or negative"; the value of '20g' on the quantitative scale of mass.
textual definition: An information content entity that specifies a value within a classification scheme or on a quantitative scale.
editor note: This term is currently a descendant of 'information content entity', which requires that it 'is about' something. A value specification of '20g' for a measurement data item of the mass of a particular mouse 'is about' the mass of that mouse. However there are cases where a value specification is not clearly about any particular. In the future we may change 'value specification' to remove the 'is about' requirement.

unit
type: Class
subclass of: measurement unit label
comment: "A unit of measurement is a standardized quantity of a physical quality." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]

time unit
type: Class
subclass of: unit
has exact synonym: time derived unit
comment: "A unit which is a standard measure of the dimension in which events occur in sequence." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]

mole fraction
type: Class
subclass of: mole fraction based unit
type: NamedIndividual
has exact synonym: (x)
has exact synonym: chi
comment: "A concentration unit which denotes the number of moles of solute as a proportion of the total number of moles in a solution." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]

mass percentage
type: Class
subclass of: mass percentage based unit
type: NamedIndividual
has exact synonym: w/w
has exact synonym: weight-weight percentage
comment: "A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of a substance in a mixture as a percentage of the mass of the entire mixture." [Wikipedia:Wikipedia]

mass volume percentage
type: Class
subclass of: mass volume percentage based unit
type: NamedIndividual
has exact synonym: (w/v)
has exact synonym: weight-volume percentage
comment: "A dimensionless concentration unit which denotes the mass of the substance in a mixture as a percentage of the volume of the entire mixture." [UOC:GVG]

mole fraction based unit
type: Class
subclass of: unit

mass percentage based unit
type: Class
subclass of: unit

mass volume percentage based unit
type: Class
subclass of: unit

material designation
type: Class
subclass of: identifier

identifier
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity

material
type: Class
subclass of: portion of matter
comment: Instances of Portions Of Matter whose shape is relevant for their dispostion to participate in a Manufacturing Process may be SemiFinishedProdcuts.
comment: The sum of portions of matter of the same type form a portion of matter of that type.
label: Material @de
alternative label: Portion of Material
definition: A Material is a Portion Of Matter that may participate in some Manifacturing Process and whose shape is not relevant for its participation in the Manifacuring Process.
isInMinimalProfile: true

portion of matter
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
comment: It is also representing a distinct physical or conceptual part of a material or substance. The open energy ontology OEO defines portion of matter as a subclass of object aggregate, which implies countability. Our portion is not (precisely) countable and thus bearer of intensive properties.
comment: Lome explanation for portion of matter: "What is a molecule cluster at the cellular level? Contrary to the molecular level, at the cellular level of granularity the boundary of each molecule is outside of the level of granular focus. What forms a discontinuous cluster of countable individual molecules and thus bona fide objects at the molecular level, is a continuous and non-countable molecular substance at coarser levels of granularity. At these coarser levels, the individual molecules cannot be differentiated and demarcated anymore and the cluster as a whole possesses only fiat inner boundaries."
definition: A material entity that is not demarcated by any physical discontinuities. At some finer level of granularity it is an object aggregate, at some coarser level of granularity it is a fiat object part,but at this level of granularity it is neither.
isInMinimalProfile: true

engineered material
type: Class
subclass of: material
comment: We recognize that some of the materials in the subclasses also occur naturally. However, these are not within the scope of our consideration for technical use.
definition: An Engineered Material is a Material that is output of a Manufacturing Process.
isInMinimalProfile: true

behavioral material property
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: material entity
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: participates in
      some values from: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  all values from: material
comment: Technical materials are complex object aggregates. The properties that are determined for those object aggregates are intrinsically associated with the methodologies employed in the measurement process. This is in contrast to typical 'physical' properties, which like e.g. mass that can be determined to high accuracy independently of the measurement process. As a consequence, the behavoiral material properties in the ontology are differeciated according to their measurement method, e.g. Brinell hardness and Vickers hardness are different types of indentation hardness rather than different measures/quantification (GDC) of the materials property 'indentation hardness'. The 'unit idenifieres' of such properties (e.g. "HV1", "HV10", "HBW") are strictly speaking not units but rather references to the measurement methodology used to determine a numeric value that quantifies the property.
definition: A property is a material trait in terms of the kind and magnitude of response to a specific imposed stimulus. Generally, definitions of properties are made independent of material shape and size. (Callister, W.D., Rethwisch, D.G., Materials Science and Engineering, Wiley, 2014) We only deal with intensive (system-size independent) materrial properties. Extensive properties that depend on the testpiece/specimen/probe size should be found in the respective testing method modules.
isInMinimalProfile: true

vector field specification
type: Class
subclass of: value specification
editor note: also see "The Ontology of Fields" - Report of a Specialist Meeting Held under the Auspices of the Varenius Project: Donna Peuquet, Barry Smith, and Berit Brogaard; Bar Harbor, Maine 1998
definition: a value specifcation that represents an assignment of a vector to each point in a discretized spacial region

process attribute
type: Class
subclass of: occurrent
editor note: an attribute of a process
comment: Process attribute for a process has a similar application to specifically dependened continuant (SDC) for an independent continuant (IC). Furthermore, process attribute describes how SDCs of some participants, i.e., ICs, change in a process. Specific rates, e.g., tensile rate, cooling rate, etc. should be added as subclasses of this class.
see also: process attribute from OEO https://openenergyplatform.org/ontology/oeo/OEO_00030019
version info: Renamed to avoid confusion with has characteristic object property
alternative label: process characteristic
definition: a process attribute is a dependent occurrent that existentially depends on a process.
example: Tensile rate in a tensile testing process. Cooling rate in a quenching process
isInMinimalProfile: true

simulation entity role
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: role
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has realization
    some values from: simulation process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: role of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: independent continuant
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: participates in
      some values from: simulation process
definition: Simulation entity role is a role that inheres in an independent continuant (IC) and is realized in a simulation process. This role enables the IC to participate in the simulation as a proxy, model, or representative of a real or hypothetical entity within the simulated context

melting process
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified input
    some values from: material entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified output
    some values from: melt
label: Schmelzprozess @de
definition: A melting process is a thermally induced process during which a solid material undergoes a phase transition into a liquid state. It involves the absorption of heat and occurs at or above the material's melting point.
definition: Ein Schmelzvorgang ist ein thermisch induzierter Prozess, bei dem ein festes Material einen Phasenübergang in einen flüssigen Zustand erfährt. Er beinhaltet die Absorption von Wärme und findet bei oder oberhalb des Schmelzpunkts des Materials statt. @de
example: The process of melting aluminum ingots in preparation for extrusion.

heating function
type: Class
subclass of: temperature change function
label: Heizfunktion @de
definition: A heating function is a (realizable) function that, when realized, enables a system or device to increase the thermal energy of a material, typically to reach temperatures required for processing, transformation, or reaction.
definition: Eine Heizfunktion ist eine (realisierbare) Funktion, die ein System oder Gerät in die Lage versetzt, die Wärmeenergie eines Materials zu erhöhen, um die für die Verarbeitung, Umwandlung oder Reaktion erforderlichen Temperaturen zu erreichen. @de
example: The function of a resistance heater in a vacuum furnace.

cooling function
type: Class
subclass of: temperature change function
label: Kühlfunktion @de
definition: A cooling function is a (realizable) function that, when realized, enables a system or device to lower the temperature of a material, often to control solidification or maintain a stable state below a desired thermal threshold.
definition: Eine Kühlfunktion ist eine (realisierbare) Funktion, die es einem System oder Gerät ermöglicht, die Temperatur eines Materials zu senken, häufig um die Erstarrung zu steuern oder einen stabilen Zustand unterhalb eines gewünschten thermischen Schwellenwerts aufrechtzuerhalten. @de
example: The function of a water-cooled mold to solidify molten metal in casting.

melting furnace
type: Class
subclass of: heat treatment device
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: furnace
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: melting function
comment: An electric arc furnace used in steelmaking.
label: Schmelzofen @de
definition: A melting furnace is a device that bears a melting function, typically designed to raise the temperature of a solid material to initiate and sustain its transformation into a melt.
definition: Ein Schmelzofen ist ein Gerät, das eine Schmelzfunktion hat und in der Regel dazu dient, die Temperatur eines festen Materials zu erhöhen, um seine Umwandlung in eine Schmelze einzuleiten und aufrechtzuerhalten. @de

melting function
type: Class
subclass of: heating function
label: Schmelzfunktion @de
definition: A melting function is a heating function that, when realized, enables a device or system to initiate or sustain the phase transition of a solid material into a liquid by raising its temperature above the melting point.
definition: Eine Schmelzfunktion ist eine Heizfunktion, die es einem Gerät oder System ermöglicht, den Phasenübergang eines festen Materials in eine Flüssigkeit einzuleiten oder aufrechtzuerhalten, indem seine Temperatur über den Schmelzpunkt angehoben wird. @de
example: The function of an induction coil in a furnace to heat metal until it melts.

input assignment
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: process boundary
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part of
    some values from: computing process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has participant
    some values from: information content entity
definition: input assignment is a process boundary which is part of a computing process and which connects a material entity or i.c.e as input to the computing process
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/184 https://github.com/pyiron/semantikon/pull/278

output assignment
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: process boundary
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part of
    some values from: computing process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has participant
    some values from: information content entity
definition: output assignment is a process boundary which is part of a computing process and which connects a material entity or i.c.e as output to the computing process
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/184 https://github.com/pyiron/semantikon/pull/278

temporally qualified continuant
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: independent continuant
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: exists at
    some values from: temporal region
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is state of
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: independent continuant
      intersection of: Class
        complement of: temporally qualified continuant
subclass of: independent continuant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: exists at
  some values from: temporal region
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is state of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: independent continuant
    intersection of: Class
      complement of: temporally qualified continuant
editor note: For any temporally qualified continuant x@t, there exists a continuant y such that x@t has_state y, meaning that y is the anchor continuant of which x@t is a temporal phase existing at temporal regions t. The relation has_state is functional and signifies that all such temporally qualified continuants are uniquely associated with their basic anchor continuant.
definition: A temporally qualified continuant is a continuant that, by reference to a determinate temporal region, is such as to possess its properties only for so long as that period obtains, being otherwise in its essentiality unchanged.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/185

mold device
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition: A form used to cast an object of a desired shape.

1D
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: 1-D is an information content entity representing a one-dimensional structure or model representing a single linear dimension, often used in material science simulations or analysis.
isInMinimalProfile: true

2D
type: Class
subclass of: information content entity
definition: A two-dimensional information content entity is a representation or analysis, commonly applied in studying planar material properties or surface phenomena.
isInMinimalProfile: true

ASTM grainsize
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: The ASTM grain size is a scalar specifically describing the size of grains in a crystalline material as defined by ASTM standards.
isInMinimalProfile: true

ab initio molecular dynamics simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
label: Ab Initio MD Simulation @de
definition: A Simulation Process that uses quantum mechanical calculations to predict the behavior of molecular systems without empirical parameters.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der quantenmechanische Berechnungen verwendet, um das Verhalten molekularer Systeme ohne empirische Parameter vorherzusagen. @de
example: Simulating the electronic structure and dynamics of a new alloy to predict its mechanical properties.

accoustic absorption coefficient
type: Class
subclass of: accoustic property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: responds with
  some values from: emission of accoustic wave
definition: The accoustic absorption coefficient is an accoustic property representing a measure of how much sound energy is absorbed by a material per unit area.
isInMinimalProfile: true

accoustic property
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: stimulated by
  some values from: application of accoustic wave
definition: An accoustic property is a mechanical property representing characteristics of a material that determine its interaction with sound waves, such as absorption, reflection, and transmission.
isInMinimalProfile: true

acoustical property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: assay
label: Akustische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay, that measures the acoustic properties of materials by analyzing how sound waves interact with the material. This process involves generating sound waves and observing their reflection, transmission, absorption, or scattering to determine properties such as acoustic impedance, absorption coefficient, and sound speed.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die akustischen Eigenschaften von Materialien misst, indem es analysiert, wie Schallwellen mit dem Material interagieren. Dieser Prozess umfasst die Erzeugung von Schallwellen und die Beobachtung ihrer Reflexion, Übertragung, Absorption oder Streuung, um Eigenschaften wie akustische Impedanz, Absorptionskoeffizient und Schallgeschwindigkeit zu bestimmen. @de
example: For example, acoustic emission testing (AET) is used to monitor the release of energy from a material under stress, which can indicate the onset of failure or the presence of defects.

additive manufacturing device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Additive Fertigungsgerät @de
definition: A device used for manufacturing objects layer by layer through additive processes such as 3D printing.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Herstellung von Objekten Schicht für Schicht durch additive Verfahren wie 3D-Druck. @de

adhesion testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Adhäsionsprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that measures the strength of adhesion between two bonded surfaces, assessing the quality of adhesive joints.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Stärke der Haftung zwischen zwei verklebten Oberflächen misst und die Qualität der Klebeverbindungen bewertet. @de
example: Adhesion testing of epoxy bonds in composite materials to ensure structural integrity in aircraft components.

adjustment device role
type: Class
subclass of: device role
example of usage: A screwdriver used to adjust a grub screw.
label: Einstellungsgeräterolle @de
definition: Role of a device that is used to adjust another device (SubjectOfAdjustmentRole). The role is realized in an adjustment process.
definition: Rolle eines Gerätes, das zum Einstellen eines anderen Gerätes (SubjectOfAdjustmentRole) verwendet wird. Die Rolle wird in einem Einstellungsprozess realisiert. @de

aggregate state
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: specifies value of
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: aggregate state value
subclass of: intensive quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: specifies value of
  some values from: aggregate state value
definition: The aggregate state is a morphological quality representing the physical state of a material, such as solid, liquid, or gas.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aging process
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
label: Alterungsprozess @de
definition: Das Aging oder Auslagern ist ein Anlassvorgang, der den Martensit (Härtungsgefüge) wieder duktil und verformbar macht. Dabei wird ein Agingvorgang genutzt, nämlich die Bildung von Ausscheidungen in Form von FeXCY - Carbiden @de
definition: The process of hardening an alloy by a method that causes a constituent to precipitate from solid solution.
example: The Process of austenitizing and quenching a steel alloy to achieve a martensitic microstructure for hardness increase.

application of accoustic wave
type: Class
subclass of: application of mechanical load
definition: An application of (an) acoustic wave is an application of (a) mechanical load describing the use of sound waves in a material or system for testing or functional purposes.

application of elastic impact
type: Class
subclass of: application of mechanical load
definition: An application of (an) elastic impact represents an application of (a) mechanical load describing the process of applying a force or impact to a material to observe its elastic response.

application of electric field
type: Class
subclass of: stimulating process
definition: An application of (an) electric field is the process of subjecting a material to an electric field to observe its behavior or modify its properties.

application of heat flux
type: Class
subclass of: stimulating process
definition: An application of heat flux describes the process of transferring thermal energy to or from a material, often used in thermal property measurements.

application of magnetic field
type: Class
subclass of: stimulating process
definition: An application of (a) magnetic field is the process of subjecting a material to a magnetic field to study its magnetic properties or induce magnetization.

application of mechanical load
type: Class
subclass of: stimulating process
definition: An application of mechanical load is the process of applying force or stress to a material to observe its response or measure its properties.

application of substance
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition source: Application Of Substance
definition: The application of (a) substance is the process of applying a material or substance to a surface or within a system.

assembling process
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
label: Assemblierungsprozess @de
definition: A process to mount or demount a component.

atomic force microscope
type: Class
subclass of: microscope
label: Atomkraftmikroskop @de
definition: An Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) is a Measuring Device that maps the surface topography of materials at the nanoscale by scanning it with a mechanical probe.
definition: Ein Atomkraftmikroskop (AFM) ist ein Messgerät, das die Oberflächentopographie von Materialien im Nanobereich durch Abtasten mit einer mechanischen Sonde kartiert. @de

atomic structure
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
definition: The atomic structure is a material structure that describes the arrangement and composition of atoms in a material, influencing its physical and chemical properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

atomistic monte carlo simulation
type: Class
subclass of: monte carlo simulation
label: Atomistische Monte Carlo Simulation @de
definition: A Monte Carlo Simulation process that focuses on the atomic scale, where the properties and behaviors of materials are modeled by considering individual atoms and their interactions.
definition: Ein Monte Carlo Simulationsprozess, der sich auf die atomare Skala konzentriert, bei dem die Eigenschaften und das Verhalten von Materialien durch die Betrachtung einzelner Atome und ihrer Wechselwirkungen modelliert werden. @de
example: Simulating the behavior of electrons in a new alloy to predict its electrical conductivity.

bandsaw
type: Class
subclass of: saw
label: Bandsäge @de
definition: A band saw is a type of saw that uses a continuous, endless saw blade in the form of a band. This blade is usually a narrow, flexible steel blade with teeth along one edge. The band saw is mounted in a closed loop and is guided by two wheels, at least one of which is driven. The operation of the band saw enables precise and efficient cuts to be made in a variety of materials, including wood, metal and plastic.
definition: Eine Bandsäge ist eine Art von Säge, die ein kontinuierliches, endloses Sägeblatt in Form eines Bands verwendet. Dieses Sägeblatt ist in der Regel eine schmale, flexible Stahlklinge mit Zähnen entlang einer Kante. Die Bandsäge ist in eine geschlossene Schleife montiert und wird über zwei Räder geführt, von denen mindestens eines angetrieben wird. Die Funktionsweise der Bandsäge ermöglicht präzise und effiziente Schnitte in unterschiedlichen Materialien, einschließlich Holz, Metall und Kunststoff. @de

bending testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Biegeversuchmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the bending strength and flexibility of materials by applying a load and measuring deformation.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Biegefestigkeit und Flexibilität von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Last und Messung der Verformung. @de

bending testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Biegeprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that measures the resistance of a material to bending forces, determining its flexural strength and stiffness.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Biegekräfte misst und seine Biegefestigkeit und Steifigkeit bestimmt. @de
example: Testing the flexural strength of a plastic beam to ensure it can withstand the required load in an engineering application.

biocompatibility analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: biological property analyzing process
label: Analyseverfahren der Biokompatibilität @de
definition: A Biological Property Analyzing Process that evaluates the compatibility of a material with living tissues to ensure it does not provoke an adverse biological response.
definition: An example of a biocompatibility analyzing process is an in vitro cell culture test, where cells are cultured in the presence of the implant material to observe any cytotoxic effects, such as changes in cell morphology, proliferation rate, or cell viability.
definition: Ein Biologisches Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Verträglichkeit eines Materials mit lebenden Geweben bewertet, um sicherzustellen, dass es keine nachteilige biologische Reaktion hervorruft. @de

biological property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: assay
label: Biologische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that examines the interaction of materials with biological systems, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, toxicity, and the effects of materials on living organisms and cells.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die Wechselwirkung von Materialien mit biologischen Systemen untersucht, einschließlich Biokompatibilität, Abbaubarkeit, Toxizität und der Auswirkungen von Materialien auf lebende Organismen und Zellen. @de

blank role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition source: “Blank.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/blank. Accessed 25 Nov. 2022.
label: Rohling-Rolle @de
definition: Role of an object, which is realized in a preparation process
example: Some portion of material, which to be made into something by a further operation.

boiling point
type: Class
subclass of: phase boundary
definition: The boiling point is a phase boundary described by the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas under standard atmospheric pressure.
isInMinimalProfile: true

Brinell 2.5 62.5 ISO 6506
type: Class
subclass of: brinell hardness
definition: A Brinell Hardness measured with 2.5mm diameter ball and a load of 62.5 kgf.
isInMinimalProfile: true

brinell hardness
type: Class
subclass of: indentation hardness
definition: The Brinell hardness is a scalar representing a measure of material hardness obtained by indenting the material with a steel or tungsten carbide ball under a specific load.
isInMinimalProfile: true

bulk
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: Class
    union of: object aggregate
    union of: object
disjoint with: surface layer (fiat object part)
definition: The bulk is a fiat object part that describes the volume or mass of material considered as a whole, often in contrast to surface or interface phenomena.
isInMinimalProfile: true

bulk modulus
type: Class
subclass of: elastic modulus
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  all values from: Class
    union of: object aggregate
    union of: object
    union of: bulk
definition: The bulk modulus is an elastic modulus representing a measure of a material's resistance to uniform compression.
isInMinimalProfile: true

burning
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
label: Brennen @de
alternative label: Firing
definition: A changing the properties of material process that involves burning typically refers to the application of high heat, often resulting in combustion or thermal degradation, to alter the physical or chemical properties of a material, leading to changes like hardening, alteration in chemical composition, or reduction in mass,
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaftsänderungsprozess, der das Brennen beinhaltet, bezieht sich in der Regel auf die Anwendung großer Hitze, die oft zu einer Verbrennung oder thermischen Zersetzung führt, um die physikalischen oder chemischen Eigenschaften eines Materials zu verändern, was zu Veränderungen wie Härtung, Änderung der chemischen Zusammensetzung oder Verringerung der Masse führt, @de
example: Firing in Pottery

cnc machine
type: Class
subclass of: forming machine
label: CNC-Maschine @de
definition: A CNC Machine is a Forming Machine that uses computer numerical control to precisely control machining tools for cutting, drilling, milling, and other tasks.
definition: Eine CNC-Maschine ist eine Formmaschine, die zur präzisen Steuerung von Bearbeitungswerkzeugen für Schneid-, Bohr-, Fräs- und andere Aufgaben computergestützte numerische Steuerung verwendet. @de

cnc welding machine
type: Class
subclass of: cnc machine
subclass of: welding device
label: CNC-Schweißmaschine @de
definition: A CNC Welding Machine is a Device that performs welding operations controlled by a computer numerical control system.
definition: Eine CNC-Schweißmaschine ist ein Gerät, das Schweißoperationen durch ein computergesteuertes System ausführt. @de

calibration device role
type: Class
subclass of: device role
label: Kalibrierungsgeräterolle @de
definition: Role of a device that is used for calibration of itself or another device, which has the "Subject Of Calibration Role". The role is realized in a calibration process.
definition: Rolle eines Geräts, das zum Kalibirieren sich selbst oder eines anderen Gerätes, das die "Subject Of Calibration Role" inne hat, verwendet wird. Die Rolle wird in einem Kalibrierungsprozess realisiert. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

caliper
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition source: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/caliper
label: Messschieber @de
definition: A measuring device having two usually adjustable arms, legs, or jaws used especially to measure the dimensions of objects, such as diameters or thicknesses
definition: Messgerät mit zwei in der Regel verstellbaren Armen, Schenkeln oder Klemmbacken, das vor allem zur Messung der Abmessungen von Gegenständen, wie z. B. des Durchmessers oder der Dicke, verwendet wird @de

ceramic
type: Class
subclass of: engineered material
editor note: Classified by morphology.
definition: Ceramics are engineered materials described as non-metallic, inorganic materials characterized by high hardness, brittleness, and heat resistance, commonly used in engineering applications.
isInMinimalProfile: true

change of aggregate state
type: Class
subclass of: phase transformation
definition: A change of aggregate state is a phase transition (change of phase) involving the collective state of particles in a material, such as melting or condensation.
isInMinimalProfile: true

change of temperature
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: A change of temperature is a process describing the variation in thermal energy within a material or system over time or due to external influences.
isInMinimalProfile: true

changing properties of material
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 5, 3.1.6 Stoffeigenschaften ändern - Definition
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 5, 3.1.6 Stoffeigenschaften ändern - Definition @de
label: Stoffeigenschaft Ändern @de
alternative label: Changing Of Material Properties
alternative label: Property Alteration
definition: A manufacturing process that modifies the characteristics of the material from which a workpiece is made, including by processes at the submicroscopic or atomic scale, such as atomic diffusion, dislocation formation and movement in the atomic lattice or chemical reactions, whereby the resulting shape changes are not characteristic of these processes.
definition: Ein Herstellungsprozess, der die Merkmale des Materials, aus dem ein Werkstück gefertigt ist, modifiziert, was unter anderem durch Vorgänge im submikroskopischen oder atomaren Bereich erfolgt, wie etwa durch Atomdiffusion, die Versetzungsentstehung und -bewegung im Atomgitter oder durch chemische Reaktionen, wobei die dabei auftretenden Formveränderungen nicht charakteristisch für diese Verfahren sind. @de
example: Heat Treatment

chemical composition
type: Class
subclass of: composition
definition: The chemical composition is a quality describing the types and proportions of elements or compounds present in a material.
isInMinimalProfile: true

chemical composition analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: structural property analyzing process
label: Analyseverfahren für die chemische Zusammensetzung @de
definition: A Structural Property Analyzing Process that determines the chemical composition of a material by identifying and quantifying its constituent elements and compounds.
definition: Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die chemische Zusammensetzung eines Materials bestimmt, indem es dessen Bestandteile und Verbindungen identifiziert und quantifiziert. @de

chemical potential
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
definition: The chemical potential is a thermodynamic quality describing the energy change associated with the addition of a small quantity of a substance to a system at constant temperature and pressure.
isInMinimalProfile: true

chemical property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: assay
label: Chemische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that determines the chemical composition, reactivity, and chemical stability of materials, including the identification and quantification of chemical elements and compounds.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die chemische Zusammensetzung, Reaktivität und chemische Stabilität von Materialien bestimmt, einschließlich der Identifizierung und Quantifizierung chemischer Elemente und Verbindungen. @de

chromatography function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Chromatographiefunktion @de
definition: A function performed to separate compounds in a mixture based on their distribution between a stationary phase and a mobile phase.
definition: Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um Verbindungen in einer Mischung basierend auf ihrer Verteilung zwischen einer stationären Phase und einer mobilen Phase zu trennen. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

chromatography process
type: Class
subclass of: structural property analyzing process
label: Chromatographieverfahren @de
definition: A Structural Property Analyzing Process that enables the separation and analysis of compounds in a mixture by their distribution between a mobile and a stationary phase.
definition: Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Trennung und Analyse von Verbindungen in einem Gemisch durch ihre Verteilung zwischen einer mobilen und einer stationären Phase ermöglicht. @de

chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Chromatographiesystem @de
definition: A device used for separating mixtures into individual components using a chromatographic column and a mobile phase.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Trennung von Gemischen in einzelne Komponenten unter Verwendung einer chromatographischen Säule und einer mobilen Phase. @de

circular saw
type: Class
subclass of: saw
label: Kreissäge @de
definition: Die Kreissäge ist eine elektrische oder motorisierte Säge, die durch ein rundes, kreisförmiges Sägeblatt angetrieben wird. Das Sägeblatt einer Kreissäge ist mit Zähnen entlang seines Randes ausgestattet, die dazu dienen, das Material zu schneiden, wenn es in die Säge eingespeist wird. Kreissägen sind vielseitige Werkzeuge und können für verschiedene Materialien wie Holz, Metall, Kunststoff und sogar Gestein verwendet werden, abhängig vom spezifischen Sägeblatt, das installiert ist. @de
definition: The circular saw is an electric or motorized saw that is powered by a round, circular saw blade. The blade of a circular saw is equipped with teeth along its edge that are used to cut the material as it is fed into the saw. Circular saws are versatile tools and can be used for different materials such as wood, metal, plastic and even rock, depending on the specific saw blade that is installed.

circular table saw
type: Class
subclass of: circular saw
label: Tischkreissäge @de
definition: A stationary circular saw that is built into a table top. It is often used in workshops for precise wood cuts.
definition: Eine stationäre Kreissäge, die in eine Tischplatte eingebaut ist. Sie wird oft in Werkstätten für präzise Holzschnitte verwendet. @de

cleaning
type: Class
subclass of: separating
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8592
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8592 @de
label: Reinigen @de
definition: A Seperating process that involves removing unwanted material from a surface through cleaning methods, which may include processes like blasting, washing, or chemical cleaning.
definition: Ein Trennprozess, bei dem unerwünschtes Material von einer Oberfläche durch Reinigungsmethoden entfernt wird, die Verfahren wie Strahlen, Waschen oder chemische Reinigung umfassen können. @de
example: Chemical Cleaning, Mechanical Cleaning

cleaning device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Reinigungsgerät @de
definition: A device used for removing contaminants from materials or surfaces.
definition: Ein Gerät zum Entfernen von Verunreinigungen von Materialien oder Oberflächen. @de

coarse grained simulation
type: Class
subclass of: multiscale simulation
label: Coarse Grained Simulation @de
definition: Ein Multiskalensimulation Prozess, der das System vereinfacht, indem Atome oder Moleküle zu größeren Partikeln zusammengefasst werden, wodurch die Rechenkomplexität verringert wird und die Untersuchung größerer Systeme oder längerer Zeitskalen ermöglicht wird. @de
definition: multiscale simulation process that simplifies the system by grouping atoms or molecules into larger particles, thereby reducing computational complexity and allowing for the study of larger systems or longer time scales
example: In materials science, coarse-grained simulations are often used to study the mechanical properties of polymers. For instance, in the simulation of polymer chains, each segment of the chain might represent a group of several monomers, rather than modeling every single atom. This approach allows researchers to investigate the behavior of polymeric materials over larger scales and longer time periods, such as the viscoelastic properties of a polymer melt.

coating
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 5, 3.1.5 Beschichten - Definition
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 5, 3.1.5 Beschichten - Definition @de
label: Beschichten @de
definition: A manufacturing process that aims to deposit a permanently adhering layer of a material without a form onto a workpiece, whereby the immediate state of the coating material directly before application is essential.
definition: Ein Herstellungsprozess, der darauf abzielt, eine dauerhaft haftende Schicht aus einem Material ohne Form auf ein Werkstück aufzubringen, wobei der unmittelbare Zustand des Beschichtungsmaterials direkt vor dem Auftragen entscheidend ist. @de
example: Chemical Vapour Deposition, Physical Vapour Deposition

coating application function
type: Class
subclass of: coating function
label: Beschichtungsanwendungsfunktion @de
definition: A subfunction of coating performed to apply a coating to a surface.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion der Beschichtung, die durchgeführt wird, um eine Beschichtung auf eine Oberfläche aufzutragen. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

coating by soldering
type: Class
subclass of: coating
label: Beschichten Durch Löten @de
definition: A Coating process that involves applying a coating using soldering techniques.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung mittels Löten beinhaltet. @de
example: Applying a protective solder layer on electronic circuit boards.

coating by welding
type: Class
subclass of: coating
label: Beschichten Durch Schweissen @de
definition: A Coating process that involves applying a coating using welding techniques.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung mittels Schweißen beinhaltet. @de
example: Cladding a metal surface with a corrosion-resistant alloy using weld overlay.

coating device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Beschichtungsgerät @de
definition: A device used for applying a coating or layer to materials to enhance their properties or appearance.
definition: Ein Gerät zum Auftragen einer Beschichtung oder Schicht auf Materialien zur Verbesserung ihrer Eigenschaften oder ihres Aussehens. @de

coating from the gaseous or vapour state
type: Class
subclass of: coating
label: Beschichten Aus Dem Gasförmigen Oder Dampfförmigen Zustand @de
alternative label: Vakuumbeschichten @de
definition: A Coating process that involves applying a coating from a gaseous or vapor state.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem gasförmigen oder dampfförmigen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Applying a thin film of material using chemical vapor deposition (CVD).

coating from the granular or powdery state
type: Class
subclass of: coating
label: Beschichten Aus Dem Körnigen Oder Pulverförmigen Zustand @de
definition: A Coating process that involves applying a coating from a granular or powdery state.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem körnigen oder pulverförmigen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Powder coating of metal parts.

coating from the ionized state
type: Class
subclass of: coating
label: Beschichten Aus Dem Ionisierten Zustand @de
definition: A Coating process that involves applying a coating from an ionized state.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem ionisierten Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Plasma spraying of ceramic coatings.

coating from the liquid state
type: Class
subclass of: coating
label: Beschichten Aus Dem Flüssigen Zustand @de
definition: A Coating process that involves applying a coating from a liquid state.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem flüssigen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Electroplating of metals.

coating from the plastic state
type: Class
subclass of: coating
label: Beschichten Aus Dem Plastischen Zustand @de
definition: A Coating process that involves applying a coating from a plastic state.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem plastischen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Applying a plastic film through hot melt coating.

coating from the pulpy or pasty state
type: Class
subclass of: coating
label: Beschichten Aus Dem Breiigen Oder Pastösen Zustand @de
definition: A Coating process that involves applying a coating from a pulpy or pasty state.
definition: Ein Beschichtungsprozess, der das Auftragen einer Beschichtung aus einem breiigen oder pastösen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Painting, a protective layer of plaster on walls.

coating function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Beschichtungsfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to apply a layer or coating to a surface to enhance its properties or appearance.
definition: Eine Funktion, die ausgeführt wird, um eine Schicht oder Beschichtung auf eine Oberfläche aufzutragen, um deren Eigenschaften oder Aussehen zu verbessern. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

colorimeter
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Farbmessgerät @de
definition: A device used to measure the color of a sample, often used in quality control and material analysis.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der Farbe einer Probe, häufig verwendet in der Qualitätskontrolle und Materialanalyse. @de

composite material
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: engineered material
  intersection of: Class
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has part
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: engineered material
        intersection of: Restriction
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has part
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: engineered material
        intersection of: Restriction
definition: A Composite Material is an Engineered Material that 'consists of' some Material that has a Matrix role and of some Material that has a Filler role.
isInMinimalProfile: true

compounding
type: Class
subclass of: joining
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-1
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-1 @de
label: Zusammensetzen @de
alternative label: Putting Together
definition: A joining process that involves assembling various components or sub-assemblies to form a complex unit, commonly used in manufacturing processes where multiple parts are put together to create a final product.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem verschiedene Komponenten oder Unterbaugruppen zu einer komplexen Einheit zusammengefügt werden. Es wird üblicherweise in Fertigungsprozessen verwendet, bei denen mehrere Teile zu einem Endprodukt zusammengefügt werden. @de
example: Interlocking, Layering

compounding machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Compoundiermaschine @de
definition: A device used for mixing or compounding materials to achieve desired properties.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Mischung oder Compoundierung von Materialien, um gewünschte Eigenschaften zu erreichen. @de

compression testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Druckprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the compressive strength of materials by applying a compressive force.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Druckfestigkeit von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Druckkraft. @de

compression testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Druckprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Processs that determines a material's behavior under compressive forces, measuring its compressive strength and modulus.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das das Verhalten eines Materials unter Druckkräften bestimmt und seine Druckfestigkeit und seinen Druckmodul misst. @de
example: Compression testing of concrete samples to ensure they meet the required strength standards for construction.

computing device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Computer @de
definition: A computing system that provides an execution environment for, e.g., simulation processes or prediction models. A computing system can be virtual (e.g., a container or virtual machine) or physical (e.g., a bare-metal servers), uses digital representations of objects as inputs and produces digital measurements, such as simulation results or predictions, as outputs.
definition: Ein Rechnersystem, das eine Ausführungsumgebung bspw. für Simulationsprozesse oder Vorhersagemodelle bereitstellt. Ein Rechenknoten kann virtuell (bspw. ein Container oder eine virtuelle Maschine) oder physisch (z. B. ein Bare-Metal-Server) ausgestaltet sein und verwendet in der Regel digitale Repräsentationen von Objekten als Eingaben und erzeugt digitale Messungen, wie z.B. Simulationsergebnisse oder Vorhersagen, als Ausgaben. @de

computing process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
editor note: The subclass trees of "Computing Process" are currently still proposals and serve as a working basis for the discussion round with the simulation/workflow domain experts.
label: Datenverarbeitung @de
label: Rechenprozess @de
definition: A process that involves the systematic use of computational methods and tools to perform simulations, analyses, or data transformations to achieve specific scientific or engineering goals.
definition: Ein Prozess, der die systematische Verwendung von rechnerischen Methoden und Werkzeugen umfasst, um Simulationen, Analysen oder Datenumwandlungen durchzuführen, um spezifische wissenschaftliche oder technische Ziele zu erreichen. @de

conditioning process
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
label: Konditionierungsprozess @de
definition: Diese Aktivität beschreibt den Prozess und die Maßnahmen, die ergriffen werden, um einen materiellen Gegenstand auf vordefinierte Umgebungsbedingungen einzustellen. @de
definition: This activity describes the process of and the measures taken to set a tangible object to pre-defined environmental conditions.

continuous simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation method specification
definition: a simulation approach where changes in a system are modeled continuously over time.
isInMinimalProfile: true

corpuscular irradiation
type: Class
subclass of: irradiation process
definition: The corpuscular irradiation is an irradiation describing the exposure of a material to streams of particles, such as electrons or ions.

crack growth
type: Class
subclass of: evolution of damage
definition: The crack growth is an evolution of damage describing the progressive extension of a crack in a material under stress.
isInMinimalProfile: true

creep testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Kriechprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the creep behavior of materials under constant stress at high temperatures.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung des Kriechverhaltens von Materialien unter konstanter Belastung bei hohen Temperaturen. @de

creep testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Kriechprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that evaluates a material's deformation over time under constant stress and temperature, determining its creep behavior.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Verformung eines Materials über die Zeit unter konstanter Belastung und Temperatur bewertet und sein Kriechverhalten bestimmt. @de
example: Creep testing of turbine blades to ensure they can withstand prolonged high temperatures without deforming.

cryogenic freezer
type: Class
subclass of: temperature change device
label: Kryogefrierschrank @de
definition: A Cryogenic Freezer is a Temperature Change Device that preserves materials at extremely low temperatures, often below -150°C.
definition: A device used to preserve materials at extremely low temperatures, typically below -150°C.
definition: Ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um Materialien bei extrem niedrigen Temperaturen zu konservieren, typischerweise unter -150°C. @de
definition: Ein Kryogefrierschrank ist ein Temperaturwechselgerät, das Materialien bei extrem niedrigen Temperaturen konserviert, oft unter -150°C. @de

crystal structure
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: specifies value of
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: bravais lattice (3d)
subclass of: intensive quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: specifies value of
  some values from: bravais lattice (3d)
definition: The crystal structure is a morphologic quality that describes the periodic geometric arrangement of entities in a crystalline material. The finite set of periodic geometric arrangements is described by the 14 possible Bravais Lattices in three-dimensional space.
isInMinimalProfile: true

cut function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Trennen Funktion @de
alternative label: Schneidfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to separate or divide materials using cutting devices.
definition: Eine Funktion, die ausgeführt wird, um Materialien mit Schneidgeräten zu trennen oder zu teilen. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

deep learning
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
label: Deep Learning @de
definition: A Simulation Process that employs artificial neural networks with many layers to model complex patterns in data.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der künstliche neuronale Netze mit vielen Schichten verwendet, um komplexe Muster in Daten zu modellieren. @de
example: Using deep learning to predict the formation of defects in crystalline materials.
abbreviation: DL

defect density
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: The defect density is a morphological quality describing the number of defects per unit volume or area in a material, which can affect its mechanical and electronic properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

deformation
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: The deformation is a process describing a change in the shape, size, or structure of a material under the influence of stress or force.
isInMinimalProfile: true

density
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: The density is a universal intensive quality representing the unit mass of a portion of matter per unit volume.
isInMinimalProfile: true

deteriorative property
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: application of substance
definition: The deteriorative property is a material property representing characteristics that describe the susceptibility of a material to degradation over time.
isInMinimalProfile: true

deterministic simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation method specification
definition: a simulation approach where outcomes are precisely determined through known relationships without random variability.
isInMinimalProfile: true

device
type: Class
subclass of: object
label: Gerät @de
definition: A physical or virtual entity used to perform a specific function or task, often involving measurement, manipulation, or analysis of materials.
definition: Ein physisches oder virtuelles Objekt, das verwendet wird, um eine bestimmte Funktion oder Aufgabe auszuführen, häufig im Zusammenhang mit der Messung, Manipulation oder Analyse von Materialien. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

device role
type: Class
subclass of: role
label: Rolle eines Gerätes @de
definition: Rolle, die ein Geräte inne haben kann. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

dielectric constant
type: Class
subclass of: electrical property
disjoint with: electrical conductivity
definition: The dielectric constant is an electrical property representing a measure of a material's ability to store electrical energy in an electric field.
isInMinimalProfile: true

differential scanning calorimeter
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Differential-Scanning-Kalorimeter @de
definition: A device used to measure the heat flow associated with phase transitions in a sample as a function of temperature.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung des Wärmeflusses, der mit Phasenübergängen in einer Probe in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur verbunden ist. @de

differential scanning calorimetry process
type: Class
subclass of: thermal property analyzing process
label: Dynamische Differenzkalorimetrie-Verfahren @de
definition: A Thermal Property Analyzing Process that measures the heat flow into or out of a material as it is heated, cooled, or held at a constant temperature, determining its thermal transitions such as melting, crystallization, and glass transitions.
definition: Ein Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das den Wärmestrom in oder aus einem Material misst, während es erhitzt, gekühlt oder bei konstanter Temperatur gehalten wird, um seine thermischen Übergänge wie Schmelzen, Kristallisation und Glasübergänge zu bestimmen. @de
example: Differential scanning calorimetry of a polymer to determine its melting temperature and crystallization behavior.
abbreviation: DSC

differential thermal analysis process
type: Class
subclass of: thermal property analyzing process
label: Differenzthermoanalyse-Verfahren @de
definition: A Thermal Property Analyzing Process that measures the temperature difference between a sample and a reference material as they are subjected to a controlled temperature program, identifying phase transitions and reactions.
definition: Ein Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Temperaturdifferenz zwischen einer Probe und einem Referenzmaterial misst, während sie einem kontrollierten Temperaturprogramm unterzogen werden, um Phasenübergänge und Reaktionen zu identifizieren. @de
example: Differential thermal analysis of a ceramic material to identify its phase transition temperatures and reaction kinetics.
abbreviation: DTA

differential thermal analyzer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Differentialthermometer @de
definition: A device used to measure the temperature difference between a sample and a reference material as they are heated or cooled.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung des Temperaturunterschieds zwischen einer Probe und einem Referenzmaterial beim Erhitzen oder Abkühlen. @de

dimension measuring function
type: Class
subclass of: measuring function
label: Dimensionierungsfunktion @de
definition: A subfunction of measuring performed to determine the dimensions of an object or material.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion des Messens, die durchgeführt wird, um die Abmessungen eines Objekts oder Materials zu bestimmen. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

dimension measuring process
type: Class
subclass of: structural property analyzing process
label: Dimensions Messprozess @de
definition: A Structural Property Analyzing Process that determines the physical dimensions of a material or object, such as length, width, height, diameter, and thickness, with high accuracy and precision.
definition: Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die physikalischen Dimensionen eines Materials oder Objekts, wie Länge, Breite, Höhe, Durchmesser und Dicke, mit hoher Genauigkeit und Präzision bestimmt. @de

disassembling
type: Class
subclass of: separating
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8591
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8591 @de
label: Zerlegen @de
definition: A Seperating process that involves disassembling a composite or assembled unit into its constituent parts or sections.
definition: Ein Trennprozess, bei dem eine zusammengesetzte oder montierte Einheit in ihre Einzelteile oder Abschnitte zerlegt wird. @de
example: Dismantling, Emptying

discrete-event simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation method specification
definition: a simulation method where events are processed at distinct points in time, commonly used for modeling systems with discrete state changes.
isInMinimalProfile: true

dividing
type: Class
subclass of: separating
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8588
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8588 @de
label: Zerteilen @de
definition: A Seperating process that involves separating material into distinct parts using techniques like shear cutting, splitting, tearing, or breaking, typically employed in processes where precise control over the cut is less critical.
definition: Ein Trennprozess, bei dem das Material durch Techniken wie Scherschneiden, Spalten, Reißen oder Brechen in verschiedene Teile zerlegt wird. Es wird in der Regel bei Prozessen eingesetzt, bei denen eine genaue Kontrolle über den Schnitt weniger wichtig ist. @de
example: Shearing, Cracking

drilling machine
type: Class
subclass of: forming machine
label: Bohrmaschine @de
definition: A Drilling Machine is a Device that creates holes in a workpiece by means of a rotating drill bit.
definition: Eine Bohrmaschine ist ein Gerät, das Löcher in ein Werkstück durch ein sich drehendes Bohrwerkzeug erzeugt. @de

dynamic mechanical analysis process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Dynamisch-mechanische Analyse-Verfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that measures the mechanical properties of a material as a function of temperature, time, frequency, and stress, determining its viscoelastic behavior.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, welcher die mechanischen Eigenschaften eines Materials in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur, Zeit, Frequenz und Spannung misst und dessen viskoelastisches Verhalten bestimmt. @de
example: Dynamic mechanical analysis of a rubber compound to assess its stiffness and damping properties over a range of temperatures.
abbreviation: DMA

dynamic mechanical analyzer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Dynamischer mechanischer Analysator @de
definition: A device used to measure the mechanical properties of materials as a function of temperature, frequency, and time.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der mechanischen Eigenschaften von Materialien als Funktion von Temperatur, Frequenz und Zeit. @de

elastic modulus
type: Class
subclass of: stiffness
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: characteristic of
  some values from: Class
    union of: object aggregate
    union of: object
    union of: bulk
definition: An elastic modulus is a measure of a material's stiffness, defined as the ratio of stress to strain in the elastic deformation region.
isInMinimalProfile: true

electric potential
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
definition: The electric potential is a thermodynamic quality describing the amount of work needed to move a unit charge from a reference point to a specific location in an electric field.
isInMinimalProfile: true

electrical conductivity
type: Class
subclass of: electrical property
definition: The electrical conductivity is an electrical property describing the ability of a material to conduct electric current, influenced by its structure and composition.
isInMinimalProfile: true

electrical property
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: stimulated by
  some values from: application of electric field
definition: An electrical property is a material property that represents the characteristics of a material that determine its behavior under the influence of an electric field, such as conductivity, resistivity, and permittivity.
isInMinimalProfile: true

electrical property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: assay
label: Elektrische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that determines the electrical properties of materials, including electrical conductivity, resistivity, dielectric strength, and electrical charge storage capabilities.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die elektrischen Eigenschaften von Materialien bestimmt, einschließlich elektrischer Leitfähigkeit, Widerstand, dielektrischer Festigkeit und elektrischer Ladungsspeicherkapazitäten. @de

electron beam welding machine
type: Class
subclass of: welding device
label: Elektronenstrahlschweißmaschine @de
definition: An Electron Beam Welding Machine is a Welding Device that uses a high-velocity electron beam to fuse materials together, typically in a vacuum environment.
definition: Eine Elektronenstrahlschweißmaschine ist ein Schweißgerät, das einen hochgeschwindigen Elektronenstrahl verwendet, um Materialien miteinander zu verschmelzen, typischerweise in einer Vakuumumgebung. @de

electron microscope
type: Class
subclass of: microscope
definition source: “Electron microscope.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/electron%20microscope. Accessed 24 Nov. 2022.
label: Elektronenmikroskop @de
definition: A device that uses a beam of electrons to create high-resolution images of a sample's surface or structure.
definition: An electron-optical instrument in which a beam of electrons is used to produce an enlarged image of a minute object.
definition: Ein Gerät, das einen Elektronenstrahl verwendet, um hochauflösende Bilder der Oberfläche oder Struktur einer Probe zu erstellen. @de

electron microscopy
type: Class
subclass of: microscopy process
label: Elektronenmikroskopie @de
definition: A Microscopy Process that uses a beam of electrons to create an image of an object, allowing for high-resolution visualization of the material's surface and internal structures.
definition: Ein Mikroskopieverfahren, das einen Elektronenstrahl verwendet, um ein Bild eines Objekts zu erzeugen, wodurch eine hochauflösende Visualisierung der Oberfläche und der inneren Strukturen des Materials ermöglicht wird. @de
example: An example of an electron microscopy process is Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), which provides detailed images of the surface topography and composition of a material. Another example is Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), which can visualize the internal structure of a sample at atomic resolution.

electron spectroscopy
type: Class
subclass of: spectroscopy process
label: Elektronenspektroskopie @de
definition: A Spectroscopy Process, that studies the energy distribution of electrons emitted from a sample when it is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation or bombarded with particles.
definition: Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das die Energieverteilung von Elektronen untersucht, die aus einer Probe emittiert werden, wenn diese mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung bestrahlt oder mit Teilchen bombardiert wird. @de
example: Examples are e.g. Auger electron spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, secondary electron spectroscopy.

emission of accoustic wave
type: Class
subclass of: deformation
definition: The emission of (an) accoustic wave is a deformation describing the release of sound waves by a material or system, often due to vibration or stress.
isInMinimalProfile: true

emission of corpuscular radiation
type: Class
subclass of: emission of radiation
definition: The emission of corpuscular radiation is an emission of radiation describing the release of particle-based radiation, such as alpha or beta particles, from a material or system.
isInMinimalProfile: true

emission of radiation
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: The emission radiation is a process describing the release of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles from a material.
isInMinimalProfile: true

emission of wave radiation
type: Class
subclass of: emission of radiation
definition: The emission of wave radioation is an emission of radiation describing the release of energy in the form of waves, such as electromagnetic or acoustic waves, by a material or system.
isInMinimalProfile: true

empirical potential molecular dynamics simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
label: Empirische Potential MD Simulation @de
definition: A Simulation Process that uses empirical potentials derived from experimental data to model the behavior of molecular systems.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der empirische Potentiale verwendet, die aus experimentellen Daten abgeleitet sind, um das Verhalten molekularer Systeme zu modellieren. @de
example: Simulating the diffusion of atoms in a crystal using Lennard-Jones potentials.

environmental chamber
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Umweltschrank @de
definition: A device used to simulate environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and pressure to test materials and devices.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Simulation von Umweltbedingungen wie Temperatur, Feuchtigkeit und Druck zur Prüfung von Materialien und Geräten. @de

evolution of damage
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: An evolution of damage is a process representing the progression of material degradation under mechanical, thermal, or chemical stresses.
isInMinimalProfile: true

extensometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition source: “Extensometer.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/extensometer. Accessed 5 Dec. 2022.
definition: A device for measuring minute deformations of test specimens caused by tension, compression, bending, or twisting.

fatigue testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Materialermüdungsprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the fatigue resistance of materials by subjecting them to repeated stress cycles.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Ermüdungsresistenz von Materialien, indem diese wiederholten Belastungszyklen ausgesetzt werden. @de

fatigue testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Ermüdungsprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that assesses a material's ability to withstand cyclic loading, determining its fatigue life and endurance limit.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Fähigkeit eines Materials bewertet, zyklischen Belastungen standzuhalten, und seine Ermüdungslebensdauer und -grenze bestimmt. @de
example: Fatigue testing of metal components in bridges to predict their lifespan under repetitive loading conditions.

ferrous alloy
type: Class
subclass of: alloy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of iron
definition: A ferrous alloy is a metal describing an alloy containing iron as its principal element, often combined with other elements for enhanced properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

filling
type: Class
subclass of: joining
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-2
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-2 @de
label: Füllen @de
definition: A joining process that involves the use of a filler material to connect parts.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem ein Füllmaterial verwendet wird, um Teile zu verbinden. @de
example: Impregnating, Soaking

flow cytometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Durchflusszytometer @de
definition: A Flow Cytometer is a Device used to measure the physical and chemical characteristics of a population of cells or particles.
definition: Ein Durchflusszytometer ist ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um die physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften einer Zell- oder Partikelpopulation zu messen. @de

force measuring function
type: Class
subclass of: measuring function
label: Kraftmessfunktion @de
definition: A subfunction of measuring performed to determine the force applied to or by an object.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion des Messens, die durchgeführt wird, um die auf ein Objekt ausgeübte oder von ihm ausgeübte Kraft zu bestimmen. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

formation of notch or scratch
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: The formation of (a) notch or (a) scratch is a process that describes the creation of small surface imperfections, which can influence a material's mechanical properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

forming
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 4, 3.1.2 Umformen - Definition
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 4, 3.1.2 Umformen - Definition @de
label: Umformen @de
alternative label: Shaping
definition: A manufacturing process that changes the shape of a solid body through plastic deformation while retaining both mass and structural integrity.
definition: Ein Herstellungsprozess, der durch plastische Umformung die Gestalt eines festen Körpers verändert, wobei sowohl die Masse als auch die strukturelle Integrität erhalten bleiben. @de
example: Tension Forming, Compression Forming

forming by bending
type: Class
subclass of: forming
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8586
source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8586 @de
label: Biegeumformen @de
definition: A forming process that involves bending materials, typically used in manipulating sheets, tubes, or profiles into curved shapes or angles, common in metalworking and fabrication industries.
definition: Ein Umform Prozess, der das Biegen von Materialien beinhaltet und typischerweise bei der Bearbeitung von Blechen, Rohren oder Profilen zu gekrümmten Formen oder Winkeln eingesetzt wird, wie es in der Metallverarbeitung und in der verarbeitenden Industrie üblich ist. @de
example: Bending With Linear Die Movement, Bending With Rotary Die Movement

forming machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Formmaschine @de
definition: A device used for shaping materials under various conditions, including tensile, compressive, and shearing.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Formgebung von Materialien unter verschiedenen Bedingungen, einschließlich Zug-, Druck- und Scherbedingungen. @de

forming under compressive and tensile conditions
type: Class
subclass of: forming
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8584-1
source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8584-1 @de
label: Zugdruckumformen @de
definition: A forming process that involves applying both tensile and compressive forces to a material.
definition: Ein Umform Prozess, bei dem sowohl Zug- als auch Druckkräfte auf ein Material ausgeübt werden. @de
example: Stripping, Deep Drawing, Spinning

forming under compressive conditions
type: Class
subclass of: forming
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8583-1
source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8583-1 @de
label: Druckumformen @de
definition: A forming process that involves deforming materials under compressive forces, commonly used in techniques like rolling and die forming where metal is shaped by applying pressure.
definition: Ein Umform Prozess, bei dem Materialien unter Druck verformt werden. Er wird üblicherweise bei Techniken wie Walzen und Gesenkformen eingesetzt, bei denen Metall durch Druck in Form gebracht wird. @de
example: Rolling, Coining

forming under shearing conditions
type: Class
subclass of: forming
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8587
source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8587 @de
label: Schubumformen @de
definition: A forming process that involves displacement or twisting materials to achieve deformation, often used in operations where materials are shaped by applying torsional forces.
definition: Ein Umform Prozess, bei dem Werkstoffe durch Verschieben oder Verdrehen verformt werden. Es wird häufig bei Verfahren verwendet, bei denen Werkstoffe durch Anwendung von Torsionskräften geformt werden. @de
example: Twisting, Displacement

forming under tensile conditions
type: Class
subclass of: forming
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8585-1
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8585-1 @de
label: Zugumformen @de
definition: A forming process that involves stretching or elongating materials to achieve desired dimensions or shapes.
definition: Ein Umform Prozess, bei dem Materialien gestreckt oder gedehnt werden, um die gewünschten Abmessungen oder Formen zu erreichen. @de
example: Expanding, Stretch Forming

fracture toughness testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Bruchzähigkeitsprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that assesses a material's ability to resist crack propagation, determining its fracture toughness.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Fähigkeit eines Materials bewertet, der Rissausbreitung zu widerstehen, und seine Bruchzähigkeit bestimmt. @de
example: Measuring the fracture toughness of ceramic materials used in aerospace components to ensure reliability under stress.

functional material
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: engineered material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part of
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: object
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has function
        some values from: function
editor note: Classified by the role in a system.
definition: A Functional Material F is an Engineered Material which has the disposition to be used for an Object O (O consists of F) and O's function is other/more than mechanical load carrying.
isInMinimalProfile: true

furnace
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition source: “Furnace.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/furnace. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023.
label: Ofen @de
definition: An enclosed structure in which heat is produced (as for heating a house or for reducing ore).
definition: Eine geschlossene Struktur, in der Wärme erzeugt wird (z. B. zum Heizen eines Hauses oder zum Einschmelzen von Erz). @de

gas chromatography process
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography process
label: Gaschromatographie Verfahren @de
definition: A Chromatography Process that separates and analyzes compounds that can be vaporized without decomposition, using a gas as the mobile phase and a solid or liquid stationary phase.
definition: Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das Verbindungen trennt und analysiert, die ohne Zersetzung verdampft werden können, indem ein Gas als mobile Phase und eine feste oder flüssige stationäre Phase verwendet wird. @de
example: Gas chromatography is used to analyze the composition of volatile organic compounds in a polymer matrix.

gas chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography system
label: Gaschromatographiesystem @de
definition: A device used for separating and analyzing compounds in a gas mixture using a chromatographic column.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Trennung und Analyse von Verbindungen in einem Gasgemisch unter Verwendung einer chromatographischen Säule. @de

gel permeation chromatography process
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography process
label: Gel-Permeations-Chromatographie Verfahren @de
definition: A Chromatography Process that separates molecules based on their size by passing the sample through a porous gel matrix, also known as size exclusion chromatography.
definition: Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das Moleküle basierend auf ihrer Größe trennt, indem die Probe durch eine poröse Gelmatrix geleitet wird, auch bekannt als Größenausschlusschromatographie. @de
example: Gel permeation chromatography is used to determine the molecular weight distribution of a polymer sample.

gel permeation chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography system
label: Gelpermeations-Chromatographiesystem @de
definition: A device used for separating and analyzing polymers based on their molecular size using gel permeation chromatography.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Trennung und Analyse von Polymeren basierend auf ihrer Molekülgröße durch Gelpermeationschromatographie. @de

generative deep learning
type: Class
subclass of: deep learning
label: Generatives Deep Learning @de
definition: A Deep Learning process that involves creating models capable of generating new data instances that resemble the training data.
definition: Ein Deep Learning-Prozess, der Modelle erstellt, die in der Lage sind, neue Dateninstanzen zu erzeugen, die den Trainingsdaten ähneln. @de
example: Using generative adversarial networks to design new molecular structures with desired properties, such as improved conductivity or strength.

glass
type: Class
subclass of: engineered material
editor note: Classified by morphology.
comment: It is often composed of silica-based compounds.
definition: A glass is an engineered material present as an amorphous solid typically formed by rapid cooling of a melt.
isInMinimalProfile: true

glueing
type: Class
subclass of: joining
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-8
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-8 @de
label: Kleben @de
alternative label: Bonding
definition: A joining process that involves using adhesives to bond materials together, suitable for a wide range of materials including metals, plastics, and composites, and used in various applications from automotive to aerospace.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem Klebstoffe verwendet werden, um Materialien miteinander zu verbinden. Es eignet sich für eine Vielzahl von Materialien, darunter Metalle, Kunststoffe und Verbundstoffe, und wird in verschiedenen Anwendungen von der Automobilindustrie bis zur Luft- und Raumfahrt eingesetzt. @de
example: Bonding With Physically Hardening Adhesives, Bonding With Chemically Hardening Adhesives (Reaction Bonding)

crystal grain
type: Class
subclass of: crystal
label: Korn @de
definition: A crystal grain is a crystal that is continuant part of a polycrystal.
isInMinimalProfile: true

gravimetric analyzer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Gravimetrischer Analysator @de
definition: A device used to measure the mass of a sample to determine its composition or concentration.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der Masse einer Probe zur Bestimmung ihrer Zusammensetzung oder Konzentration. @de

gravimetrical analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: structural property analyzing process
label: Gravimetrisches Analyseverfahren @de
definition: A Structural Property Analyzing Process that measures the quantity of a substance by its mass, often involving the precipitation, filtration, drying, and weighing of the substance.
definition: Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Menge einer Substanz durch ihre Masse misst und dabei häufig die Fällung, Filtration, Trocknung und Wägung der Substanz umfasst. @de
example: An example of a Gravimetrical Analyzing Process is the determination of sulfate content in a sample by precipitating it as barium sulfate, filtering, drying, and weighing the precipitate.

grinding machine
type: Class
subclass of: forming machine
label: Schleifmaschine @de
definition: A Grinding Machine is a Forming Machine that uses an abrasive wheel to remove material from the surface of a workpiece, typically for finishing or precision work.
definition: Eine Schleifmaschine ist eine Formmaschine, die ein Schleifrad verwendet, um Material von der Oberfläche eines Werkstücks zu entfernen, typischerweise für Feinarbeiten oder Präzisionsarbeiten. @de

grips
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition source: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/grips
label: Halterungsklemmen @de
definition: Diese Gerät beschreibt ein Bauelement / Teil, mit dem etwas, normalerweise ein materielles Objekt, fest gegriffen oder eingespannt wird. Typischerweise sind Halterungen, Klemm- bzw. Spannsysteme Teil eines Befestigungssystems (Prozessknoten), das sich auf ein Prüfsystem bezieht. @de
definition: This device is a part by which something, usually a tangible object, is grasped. Typically, grips are part of a mounting system (processing node) referring to a testing system.

hacksaw
type: Class
subclass of: saw
label: Bügelsäge @de
definition: A hacksaw is a hand saw designed for cutting various materials, particularly metal. It consists of a fine-toothed blade, tensioned in a frame, and a handle. The frame of a hacksaw is typically C-shaped, allowing the blade to be easily replaced when necessary. Hacksaws are commonly used in metalworking and other applications where a controlled and precise cut through metal is required. The fine teeth on the hacksaw blade enable it to cut through metal with efficiency, and the tensioned frame provides stability during the cutting process. Hacksaws are versatile tools and are often used for tasks such as cutting pipes, rods, and metal sheets. They are available in different sizes and tooth configurations to suit various cutting needs.
definition: Eine Bügelsäge ist eine Art Handsäge zum Schneiden verschiedener Materialien, insbesondere Metall. Sie besteht aus einem fein gezahnten Blatt, das in einem Rahmen gespannt ist, und einem Griff. Der Rahmen einer Bügelsäge ist in der Regel C-förmig, so dass das Blatt bei Bedarf leicht ausgewechselt werden kann. Bügelsägen werden häufig bei der Metallbearbeitung und anderen Anwendungen eingesetzt, bei denen ein kontrollierter und präziser Schnitt durch Metall erforderlich ist. Die feinen Zähne des Sägeblatts ermöglichen ein effizientes Schneiden durch Metall, und der gespannte Rahmen sorgt für Stabilität während des Schneidens. Bügelsägen sind vielseitige Werkzeuge und werden häufig für Aufgaben wie das Schneiden von Rohren, Stangen und Blechen verwendet. Sie sind in verschiedenen Größen und Zahnkonfigurationen erhältlich, um verschiedenen Schneidanforderungen gerecht zu werden. @de

half-life
type: Class
subclass of: process attribute
definition: The half-life is a process attribute describing the time it takes for a material entity or a quality of a material entity to reduce its initial value to a half
example: radioactive decay, material degradation
isInMinimalProfile: true

hand holdable disposition
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
label: in der Hand haltbar @de
definition: Disposion eines Objektes, das per Hand gehalten, betrieben oder verwendet werden kann. @de
definition: Disposition of an object that can be hold, operated or used manually.

hand circular saw
type: Class
subclass of: hand held device
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: circular saw
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has disposition
    some values from: hand holdable disposition
label: Handkreissäge @de
definition: A handheld circular saw is a portable circular saw that is guided by hand. It is well suited for precise cuts in construction and woodwork.
definition: Die Handkreissäge is eine tragbare Kreissäge, die von Hand geführt wird. Sie eignet sich gut für präzise Schnitte bei Bau- und Holzarbeiten. @de

handsaw
type: Class
subclass of: hand held device
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: saw
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has disposition
    some values from: hand holdable disposition
label: Handsäge @de
definition: Die Handsäge ist eine manuell betriebene Säge, die dazu dient, verschiedene Materialien, insbesondere Holz, zu schneiden. Diese Art von Säge besteht typischerweise aus einem langen, dünnen Blatt mit Zähnen, das an einem Griff befestigt ist. Der Griff ermöglicht es dem Benutzer, die Säge von Hand zu führen und den Schnitt durch Vor- und Zurückbewegen des Blatts zu erzeugen. Handsägen sind in verschiedenen Ausführungen erhältlich, je nach der beabsichtigten Anwendung. Es gibt beispielsweise Handsägen für Holz, Metall oder Kunststoff, und sie können unterschiedliche Zahngeometrien und Blattlängen aufweisen, um optimal auf verschiedene Schneidanforderungen abgestimmt zu sein. @de
definition: The handsaw is a manually operated saw that is used to cut various materials, especially wood. This type of saw typically consists of a long, thin blade with teeth attached to a handle. The handle allows the user to guide the saw by hand and make the cut by moving the blade back and forth. Handsaws are available in different designs, depending on the intended application. For example, there are handsaws for wood, metal or plastic, and they can have different tooth geometries and blade lengths to best suit different cutting requirements. @de

hardening by forming
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
label: Verfestigen Durch Umformen @de
definition: A Changing Properties Of Material process, that involves altering material properties by mechanical deformation.
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, der die Eigenschaften des Materials durch mechanische Verformung verändert. @de
example: Sheet Metal Rolling to Achieve Higher Strength.

hardness
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property
definition: The hardness is a mechanical property used as a measure of a material's resistance to localized plastic deformation, often tested by indentation or scratch methods.
isInMinimalProfile: true

hardness tester
type: Class
subclass of: hardness testing machine
label: Härteprüfgerät @de
definition: A Hardness Tester is a Hardness Testing Machine that measures the resistance of a material to deformation, typically by indentation.
definition: Ein Härteprüfgerät ist eine Härteprüfmaschine, die den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Verformung, typischerweise durch Eindrücken, misst. @de

hardness testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Härteprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to measure the hardness of materials through various testing methods such as indentation or scratch tests.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der Härte von Materialien durch verschiedene Prüfmethoden wie Eindrück- oder Kratzversuche. @de

hardness testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Härteprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that measures a material's resistance to deformation, typically using indentation methods to determine hardness.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Verformung misst und typischerweise Eindringverfahren verwendet, um die Härte zu bestimmen. @de
example: Hardness testing of steel using the Rockwell method to classify its grade for industrial applications.

heat capacity
type: Class
subclass of: thermal property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: responds with
  some values from: change of temperature
disjoint with: thermal conductivity
definition: The heat capacity is a thermal property describing the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a material by a given amount.
isInMinimalProfile: true

material combination
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
example of usage: Mixing two fluids. Adding salt into water. Injecting a mouse with PBS.
definition: A material processing with the objective to combine two or more material entities as input into a single material entity as output.

heat treatment
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN EN ISO 4885:2018 Wärmebehandlung Page 21, 3.108 Wärmebehandlung - Definition
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN EN ISO 4885:2018 Wärmebehandlung Seite 21, 3.108 Wärmebehandlung - Definition @de
label: Wärmebehandlung @de
alternative label: Wärmebehandeln @de
definition: A Changing Properties of Materials process in which a solid (ferrous) product is fully or partially exposed to specific time-temperature sequences through a series of process steps with the aim of modifying its properties and/or its internal structure.
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, bei dem durch eine Reihe von Verfahrensschritten ein festes (Eisen-)Produkt ganz oder teilweise bestimmten Zeit-Temperatur-Abfolgen ausgesetzt wird, mit dem Ziel, seine Eigenschaften und/oder seine innere Struktur zu modifizieren. @de
example: Annealing, Ageing, Hardening

heat treatment device
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: device
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: Class
      union of: heating function
      union of: cooling function
subclass of: device
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: Class
    union of: heating function
    union of: cooling function
label: Wärmebehandlungsgerät @de
definition: A device used for treating materials through heating and cooling processes to alter their properties.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Behandlung von Materialien durch Erwärmungs- und Abkühlungsprozesse zur Veränderung ihrer Eigenschaften. @de

heat treatment function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Wärmebehandlungsfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to alter the properties of materials through controlled heating and cooling processes.
definition: Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um die Eigenschaften von Materialien durch kontrollierte Wärme- und Abkühlungsprozesse zu verändern. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

high-performance liquid chromatography process
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography process
label: Hochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatographie Verfahren @de
definition: A Chromatography Process that separates, identifies, and quantifies components in a liquid sample using high pressure to pass the sample through a column packed with a stationary phase.
definition: Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das Komponenten in einer flüssigen Probe trennt, identifiziert und quantifiziert, indem hoher Druck verwendet wird, um die Probe durch eine mit einer stationären Phase gefüllte Säule zu leiten. @de
example: High-performance liquid chromatography is used to analyze the purity and concentration of pharmaceutical compounds in a formulation.

high throughput simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
label: Hochdurchsatzsimulation @de
definition: A Simulation Process that performs a large number of simulations automatically to explore a wide range of conditions.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der eine große Anzahl von Simulationen automatisch durchführt, um eine breite Palette von Bedingungen zu erkunden. @de
example: Screening thousands of potential material compounds to identify those with optimal properties for battery applications.

high performance liquid chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography system
label: Hochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatographiesystem @de
definition: A device used for separating, identifying, and quantifying compounds in liquid samples through high performance liquid chromatography.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Trennung, Identifizierung und Quantifizierung von Verbindungen in Flüssigkeitsproben durch Hochleistungsflüssigkeitschromatographie. @de

high temperature gas chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: gas chromatography system
label: Hochtemperatur-Gaschromatographiesystem @de
definition: A device used for separating and analyzing compounds in a gas mixture at high temperatures using a chromatographic column.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Trennung und Analyse von Verbindungen in einem Gasgemisch bei hohen Temperaturen unter Verwendung einer chromatographischen Säule. @de

hybrid simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation method specification
definition: a simulation approach that combines physical and computational models to analyze material behavior.
isInMinimalProfile: true

impact testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Schlagprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that determines a material's ability to absorb energy and withstand impact forces, typically using pendulum or drop-weight testers.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Fähigkeit eines Materials bestimmt, Energie zu absorbieren und Schlagkräfte zu widerstehen, typischerweise unter Verwendung von Pendel- oder Fallgewichtsprüfgeräten. @de
example: Impact testing of helmet materials to ensure they provide adequate protection against head injuries.

indentation hardness
type: Class
subclass of: hardness
definition: The indentation hardness is a hardness representing the resistance of a material to deformation from an indenter, used to assess surface hardness.
isInMinimalProfile: true

index of refraction
type: Class
subclass of: optical property
disjoint with: reflectivity
definition: The index of refraction is an optical property representing a measure of how much light bends when passing through a material, affecting its optical properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

induction furnace
type: Class
subclass of: furnace
label: Induktionsofen @de
definition: An Induction Furnace is a Furnace that heats materials using electromagnetic induction, generating heat directly within the material.
definition: Ein Induktionsofen ist ein Ofen, der Materialien durch elektromagnetische Induktion erhitzt, wobei die Wärme direkt im Material erzeugt wird. @de

injection molding machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Spritzgießmaschine @de
definition: An Injection Molding Machine is a Device used to produce plastic parts by injecting molten plastic into molds under high pressure.
definition: Eine Spritzgießmaschine ist ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um Kunststoffteile durch Einspritzen von geschmolzenem Kunststoff in Formen unter hohem Druck herzustellen. @de

ion exchange chromatography process
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography process
label: Ionenaustauschchromatographie Verfahren @de
definition: A Chromatography Process that separates ions and polar molecules based on their charge by using an ion exchange resin to attract and retain the ions from the sample.
definition: Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das Ionen und polare Moleküle basierend auf ihrer Ladung trennt, indem ein Ionenaustauscherharz verwendet wird, um die Ionen aus der Probe anzuziehen und zu halten. @de
example: Ion exchange chromatography is used to purify and separate proteins in a solution for material characterization.

ion exchange chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography system
label: Ionenaustausch-Chromatographiesystem @de
definition: A device used for separating ions in a sample using ion exchange resins in a chromatographic column.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Trennung von Ionen in einer Probe unter Verwendung von Ionenaustauschharzen in einer chromatographischen Säule. @de

ion microscope
type: Class
subclass of: microscope
label: Ionenmikroskop @de
definition: A device that uses ions to create high-resolution images of the surface or structure of a sample.
definition: Ein Gerät, das Ionen verwendet, um hochauflösende Bilder der Oberfläche oder Struktur einer Probe zu erstellen. @de

ion microscopy
type: Class
subclass of: microscopy process
label: Ionenmikroskopie @de
definition: A Microscopy Process that uses a focused beam of ions to image a specimen, providing high-resolution images and compositional information, often used for surface analysis and depth profiling.
definition: Ein Mikroskopieverfahren, das einen fokussierten Ionenstrahl verwendet, um ein Bild einer Probe zu erzeugen, hochauflösende Bilder und Zusammensetzungsinformationen liefert und häufig für Oberflächenanalysen und Tiefenprofilierung verwendet wird. @de
example: An example of an ion microscopy process is Helium Ion Microscopy (HIM), which offers high-resolution imaging with minimal sample damage, or Field Ion Microscopy, which provides atomic-level resolution imaging by using a strong electric field to ionize atoms at the surface of a sharp tip, or Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM), which allows for high-precision material removal and imaging by using a focused beam of ions to mill the sample surface while simultaneously capturing detailed SEM images.

ion spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Ionen-Spektrometer @de
definition: A device used for analyzing ions in a sample to determine their composition and concentration.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Analyse von Ionen in einer Probe zur Bestimmung ihrer Zusammensetzung und Konzentration. @de

ion spectroscopy
type: Class
subclass of: spectroscopy process
label: Ionenspektroskopie @de
definition: A Spectroscopy Process, that analyzes the properties and behavior of ions in a sample by measuring their interaction with electromagnetic fields or other ions.
definition: Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das die Eigenschaften und das Verhalten von Ionen in einer Probe analysiert, indem es ihre Wechselwirkung mit elektromagnetischen Feldern oder anderen Ionen misst. @de
example: Examples are e.g. ion mobility spectroscopy, ion-beam spectroscopy.

irradiating
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
label: Bestrahlen @de
definition: A Changing Properties Of Material process that employs radiation exposure, to alter and enhance a material's physical or chemical attributes.
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, bei dem die physikalischen oder chemischen Eigenschaften eines Materials durch Bestrahlung verändert und verbessert werden. @de
example: Polymer Curing

irradiation process
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: An irradiation process is a process in which a radiation source (bearing a stimulus role) emits radiation towards a material entity (bearing the target role)

irradiation device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Irradiationsgerät @de
definition: A device used for exposing materials to radiation to induce changes in their properties.
definition: Ein Gerät zum Aussetzen von Materialien gegenüber Strahlung zur Induktion von Veränderungen ihrer Eigenschaften. @de

irradiation function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Irradiationsfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to expose materials to radiation for altering their properties.
definition: Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um Materialien Strahlung auszusetzen, um deren Eigenschaften zu verändern. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

joining
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 5, 3.1.4 Fügen - Definition & DIN 8593-0
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 5, 3.1.4 Fügen - Definition & DIN 8593-0 @de
label: Fügen @de
definition: A manufacturing process that enables the continuous bonding or joining of two or more workpieces with a specific, fixed shape or of such workpieces with a shapeless material, whereby the cohesion is created at specific points and reinforced overall.
definition: Ein Herstellungsprozess, der das dauerhafte Verbinden oder das Zusammenfügen von zwei oder mehr Werkstücken mit spezifischer, fester Form oder von solchen Werkstücken mit einem formlosen Material ermöglicht, wobei der Zusammenhalt an spezifischen Stellen erzeugt und insgesamt verstärkt wird. @de
example: Joining By Welding, Assembling

joining by primary shaping
type: Class
subclass of: joining
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-4
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-4 @de
label: Fügen durch Urformen @de
alternative label: Joining By Master Forming
definition: A joining process that involves creating a part or component in its final shape from a liquid or semi-liquid material.
definition: Ein Fügeverfahren, bei dem ein Teil oder eine Komponente aus einem flüssigen oder halbflüssigen Material in seine endgültige Form gebracht wird. @de
example: Pouring, Embedding, Encasing

joining by shaping
type: Class
subclass of: joining
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-5
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-5 @de
label: Fügen Durch Umformen @de
alternative label: Joining By Forming
definition: A joining process that involves deforming one or more components to achieve a mechanical interlock or fit, commonly used for press-fit joints, crimping, or swaging.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem eine oder mehrere Komponenten verformt werden, um eine mechanische Verriegelung oder Passung zu erreichen, die üblicherweise für Pressverbindungen, Crimpen oder Schmieden verwendet wird. @de
example: Joining By Riveting, Joining By Forming Wire-Shaped Bodies

joining by soldering
type: Class
subclass of: joining
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-7
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-7 @de
label: Fügen Durch Löten @de
definition: A joining process that involves using a filler material (solder) to join metal parts by melting the solder between them without melting the base materials, a technique widely used in electronics and plumbing. This process creates a strong, conductive bond suitable for various applications.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem ein Füllmaterial (Lot) verwendet wird, um Metallteile zu verbinden, indem das Lot zwischen ihnen geschmolzen wird, ohne die Grundmaterialien zu schmelzen. Diese Technik wird häufig in der Elektronik und im Sanitärbereich eingesetzt. Durch dieses Verfahren entsteht eine starke, leitfähige Verbindung, die für verschiedene Anwendungen geeignet ist. @de
example: Joint Soft Soldering, Joint Hard Soldering

joining by welding
type: Class
subclass of: joining
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-6
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-6 @de
label: Fügen Durch Schweißen @de
definition: A joining process that involves fusing two or more metal parts by applying heat, pressure, or both, often with the addition of a filler material. This method creates a permanent and strong bond, essential in manufacturing and construction for durable structures and components.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem zwei oder mehr Metallteile durch Anwendung von Hitze, Druck oder beidem verschmolzen werden, oft unter Zugabe eines Füllstoffs. Durch dieses Verfahren entsteht eine dauerhafte und starke Verbindung, die in der Fertigung und im Bauwesen für dauerhafte Strukturen und Komponenten unerlässlich ist. @de
example: Pressure Welding, Fusion Welding

joining device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Verbindungsgerät @de
definition: A general device used for joining materials through various methods, including welding and soldering.
definition: Ein allgemeines Gerät zum Verbinden von Materialien durch verschiedene Methoden, einschließlich Schweißen und Löten. @de

joining function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Verbindungsfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to connect or bond materials together through various methods such as welding or soldering.
definition: Eine Funktion, die ausgeführt wird, um Materialien durch verschiedene Methoden wie Schweißen oder Löten zu verbinden. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

knife
type: Class
subclass of: cutting device
label: Messer @de
definition: A tool with a sharp edge, typically made of metal, used for cutting food, materials, or other substances.
definition: Ein Werkzeug mit einer scharfen Schneide, üblicherweise aus Metall, das zum Schneiden von Lebensmitteln, Materialien oder anderen Substanzen verwendet wird. @de

laser spectroscopy
type: Class
subclass of: spectroscopy process
label: Laserspektroskopie @de
definition: A Spectroscopy Process, that uses laser light to probe the properties of materials.
definition: Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das Laserlicht verwendet, um die Eigenschaften von Materialien zu untersuchen. @de
example: Examples are e.g. laser absorption spectroscopy, laser emission spectroscopy, ultra-fast laser spectroscopy.

lasercutter
type: Class
subclass of: cutting device
label: Laserschneider @de
definition: A device that utilizes laser beams to create precise cuts in various materials such as wood, plastic, metal, etc.
definition: Ein Gerät, das Laserstrahlen verwendet, um präzise Schnitte in verschiedenen Materialien wie Holz, Kunststoff, Metall usw. zu erzeugen. @de

lathe
type: Class
subclass of: forming machine
label: Drehmaschine @de
definition: A Lathe is a Device that rotates a workpiece on its axis to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, drilling, or deformation.
definition: Eine Drehmaschine ist ein Gerät, das ein Werkstück um seine Achse dreht, um verschiedene Operationen wie Schneiden, Schleifen, Bohren oder Verformung durchzuführen. @de

light microscopy
type: Class
subclass of: optical microscopy
label: Lichtmikroskopie @de
definition: An Optical Microscopy process that uses visible light and lenses to magnify and visualize specimens, enabling the study of the microstructure and morphology of materials.
definition: Ein optisches Mikroskopieverfahren, das sichtbares Licht und Linsen verwendet, um Proben zu vergrößern und zu visualisieren, wodurch die Untersuchung der Mikrostruktur und Morphologie von Materialien ermöglicht wird. @de
example: An example of a light microscopy process is Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, which uses laser light to scan specimens and create high-resolution, three-dimensional images. Another example is Fluorescence Microscopy, which uses fluorescent dyes to label specific components of the specimen, allowing for the visualization of structures that are otherwise difficult to see. A third example is Polarized Light Microscopy, which utilizes polarized light to enhance contrast in samples with birefringent properties, such as crystalline materials.

load cell
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load_cell
label: Kraftmessdose @de
definition: A load cell converts a force such as tension, compression, pressure, or torque into an electrical signal that can be measured and standardized. It is a force transducer. As the force applied to the load cell increases, the electrical signal changes proportionally. The most common types of load cell are pneumatic, hydraulic, and strain gauges.

machine learning
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
label: Maschinelles Lernen @de
definition: A Simulation Process that uses algorithms to enable computers to learn from and make predictions based on data.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der Algorithmen verwendet, um Computern das Lernen aus Daten und das Treffen von Vorhersagen zu ermöglichen. @de
example: Predicting the mechanical properties of composite materials based on their composition.
abbreviation: ML

machining geometrically defined
type: Class
subclass of: separating
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8589-0
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8589-0 @de
label: Spanen Mit Geometrisch Bestimmten Schneiden @de
definition: A Seperating process that involves removing material with a tool that has a defined shape and sharp edges, such as in sawing and drilling operations.
definition: Ein Trennprozess, bei dem Material mit einem Werkzeug mit definierter Form und scharfen Kanten entfernt wird, wie z. B. beim Sägen und Bohren. @de
example: Drilling, Turning

machining geometrically undefined
type: Class
subclass of: separating
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8589-0
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8589-0 @de
label: Spanen Mit Geometrisch Unbestimmten Schneiden @de
definition: A Seperating process that involves removing material using tools with undefined cutting edges, such as grinding or abrasive machining, where the exact shape of the cutting part isn't clearly defined.
definition: Ein Trennprozess, bei dem Material mit Werkzeugen mit undefinierten Schneiden abgetragen wird, wie z. B. beim Schleifen oder bei der abrasiven Bearbeitung, bei der die genaue Form des zu schneidenden Teils nicht klar definiert ist. @de
example: Grinding, Blasting

magnetic property
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: stimulated by
  some values from: application of magnetic field
definition: A magnetic property is a material property representing characteristics that describe how a material responds to magnetic fields, such as permeability and coercivity.
isInMinimalProfile: true

magnetizing
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
definition source: https://industrylist.com/glossar/stoffeigenschaften-aendern/magnetisieren/
label: Magnetisieren @de
definition: A Changing Properties Of Material process in which ferromagnetic materials are exposed to an external magnetic field, causing the material to take on magnetic properties.
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, bei dem ferromagnetische Stoffe einem äußeren Magnetfeld ausgesetzt werden wodurch der Stoff magnetische Eigenschaften übernimmt. @de
example: Static Magnetization, Pulse Magnetization.

magnetizing device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Magnetisierungsgerät @de
definition: A device used for inducing a magnetic field in materials to alter their magnetic properties.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Induktion eines Magnetfelds in Materialien, um deren magnetische Eigenschaften zu verändern. @de

magnetizing function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Magnetisierungsfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to induce a magnetic field in materials to modify their magnetic properties.
definition: Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um ein Magnetfeld in Materialien zu induzieren, um deren magnetische Eigenschaften zu verändern. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

magneto electrical property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: assay
label: Magnetische Elektrische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that investigates the magnetic and electrical properties of materials, including conductivity, resistivity, permittivity, permeability, and magnetization.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die magnetischen und elektrischen Eigenschaften von Materialien untersucht, einschließlich Leitfähigkeit, Widerstand, Permittivität, Permeabilität und Magnetisierung. @de

manufacturing function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Fertigungsfunktion @de
definition: A function that inheres in devices or processes that are used to produce or assemble goods or components.
definition: Eine Funktion, die in Geräten oder Prozessen besteht, die zur Herstellung oder Montage von Waren oder Komponenten verwendet werden. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

manufacturing process
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: planned process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified input
    some values from: material entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has specified output
    some values from: material entity
subclass of: planned process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified input
  some values from: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has specified output
  some values from: material entity
label: Herstellungsprozess @de
definition: A planned process that is driven by the primary intent to transform objects A manufacturing process is always a transformative process.
definition: Ein geplannter Prozess, der von der primären Absicht angetrieben wird, Objekte zu transformieren. Ein Herstellungsprozess ist immer ein Transformationsprozess. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

map
type: Class
subclass of: 2D
definition: A map is a 2-D information content entity describing a representation of spatial data or relationships, often used in material science for visualizing properties or distributions.
isInMinimalProfile: true

mass spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Massenspektrometer @de
definition: A device used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions to identify and quantify compounds in a sample.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung des Massen-zu-Ladung-Verhältnisses von Ionen zur Identifizierung und Quantifizierung von Verbindungen in einer Probe. @de

mass spectrometry
type: Class
subclass of: spectroscopy process
label: Massenspektroskopie @de
definition: A Spectroscopy Process, that measures the mass-to-charge ratio of ions to identify and quantify molecules in a sample.
definition: Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das das Masse-zu-Ladung-Verhältnis von Ionen misst, um Moleküle in einer Probe zu identifizieren und zu quantifizieren. @de
example: Examples are e.g. time-of-flight mass spectroscopy, particle beam mass spectrometry.

matrix role
type: Class
subclass of: role
disjoint with: filler role
disjoint with: precipitate role
definition: Matrix is the role of a PortionOfConnectedMatter that implies to host the Filler.
isInMinimalProfile: true

measuring function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Messfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to determine the magnitude, quantity, or extent of a physical property or condition.
definition: Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um das Ausmaß, die Menge oder den Zustand einer physikalischen Eigenschaft zu bestimmen. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

mechanical property
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: stimulated by
  some values from: application of mechanical load
definition: A mechanical property is a material property that inheres in a material M when an object O_target that consists of M is stimulated in a process through an interaction with an object O_stimulus and M changes its stress/strain/..(mechanical?) SDCs. TODO: Check general class axiom and defintion altogether !!!
isInMinimalProfile: true

mechanical property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: assay
label: Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that evaluates the mechanical characteristics of materials, such as strength, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties, often through tests that measure response to forces and loads.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die mechanischen Eigenschaften von Materialien bewertet, wie z.B. Festigkeit, Härte, Elastizität und Zugfestigkeit, oft durch Tests, die die Reaktion auf Kräfte und Lasten messen. @de

melting point
type: Class
subclass of: phase boundary
definition: The melting point is a phase boundary described by the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid under standard atmospheric pressure.
isInMinimalProfile: true

metal
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: engineered material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: crystal
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has characteristic
        some values from: metallic bond
editor note: Classified by morphology.
definition: A metal is an engineered material representing a class of materials characterized by high electrical and thermal conductivity, ductility, and metallic bonding.
isInMinimalProfile: true

crystallographic texture
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: The crystallographic texture is a morphological quality describing the arrangement and orientation of grains in a metallic material, observed through crystallographic analysis.
isInMinimalProfile: true

micrometer gauge
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition source: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/micrometer%20caliper
label: Bügelmessschraube @de
definition: A measuring device for making precise measurements having a spindle moved by a finely threaded screw.
definition: Diese Entität beschreibt ein Werkzeug zur Durchführung präziser Messungen mit einer Spindel, die durch eine Feingewindeschraube bewegt wird. @de

microscope
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Mikroskop @de
definition: A device used to magnify and view small objects or details that are not visible to the naked eye.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Vergrößerung und Betrachtung kleiner Objekte oder Details, die mit bloßem Auge nicht sichtbar sind. @de

microscopy process
type: Class
subclass of: structural property analyzing process
label: Mikroskopie Verfahren @de
definition: A Structural Property Analyzing Process that uses various types of microscopy techniques to visualize and analyze the microstructure and morphology of materials at different scales.
definition: Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das verschiedene Arten von Mikroskopietechniken verwendet, um die Mikrostruktur und Morphologie von Materialien auf verschiedenen Ebenen zu visualisieren und zu analysieren. @de
example: Examples of Microscopy Processes include Electron Microscopy, which provides detailed images at high resolution; Ion Microscopy, which offers high-precision imaging and material milling capabilites; and Optical Microscopy, which uses visible light to study e.g. the microstructure of materials.
abbreviation: Mikroskopie @de

microstructure
type: Class
subclass of: portion of matter
comment: The focus of interest when looking at an object throught the microstructure perspective is often its morphology.
definition: The microstructure represents the small-scale structure of a material, including grains, phases, and defects, visible under a microscope.
isInMinimalProfile: true

microtome
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Mikrotom @de
definition: A Microtome is a Measuring Device that cuts extremely thin slices of material, often for examination under a microscope.
definition: A device used to cut extremely thin slices of material, often for microscopic examination.
definition: Ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um extrem dünne Scheiben von Material zu schneiden, oft für mikroskopische Untersuchungen. @de
definition: Ein Mikrotom ist ein Messgerät, das extrem dünne Scheiben von Material schneidet, oft zur Untersuchung unter einem Mikroskop. @de

milling machine
type: Class
subclass of: forming machine
label: Fräsmaschine @de
definition: A Milling Machine is a Device that performs machining operations to remove material from a workpiece using rotary cutters.
definition: Eine Fräsmaschine ist ein Gerät, das Bearbeitungsoperationen durchführt, um Material von einem Werkstück mithilfe von Fräsern zu entfernen. @de

mohs hardness
type: Class
subclass of: scratch hardness
definition: Mohs Hardness is a scalar (scale) used to rank materials based on their ability to scratch one another.
isInMinimalProfile: true

monte carlo simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
label: Monte Carlo Simulation @de
definition: A Simulation Process that uses random sampling to solve physical and mathematical problems.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der zufällige Stichproben verwendet, um physikalische und mathematische Probleme zu lösen. @de
example: Predicting the diffusion behavior of atoms in a metal at high temperatures.

morphological property
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral material property
definition: A morphological property is a material property representing the characteristics of a material's structure, such as shape, size, and distribution of its features.
isInMinimalProfile: true

multimodal deep learning
type: Class
subclass of: deep learning
label: Multimodales Deep Learning @de
definition: A Deep Learning process that integrates and processes data from multiple modalities (e.g., text, images, and audio) to improve performance and gain a more comprehensive understanding.
definition: Ein Deep Learning-Prozess, der Daten aus mehreren Modalitäten (z.B. Text, Bilder und Audio) integriert und verarbeitet, um die Leistung zu verbessern und ein umfassenderes Verständnis zu erlangen. @de
example: Combining microscopy images and spectroscopic data to predict the properties of new materials more accurately.

multiscale simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
label: Multiskalensimulation @de
definition: A Simulation Process that integrates models at different scales to study a system's behavior.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der Modelle auf verschiedenen Skalen integriert, um das Verhalten eines Systems zu untersuchen. @de
example: Studying the interaction between microstructural and macroscopic properties in metallic alloys.

nanoindentation process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Nanoindentationsverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Processs that measures the hardness and elastic modulus of materials at the nanoscale using a sharp indenter.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Härte und den elastischen Modulus von Materialien im Nanomaßstab mittels eines scharfen Eindringkörpers misst. @de
example: Nanoindentation of thin films to evaluate their mechanical properties for use in microelectronic devices.

natural organic material
type: Class
subclass of: material
definition: Natural organic materials are materials derived from natural biological sources, primarily composed of carbon-based compounds.
isInMinimalProfile: true

occurence of chemical reaction
type: Class
subclass of: responding process
definition: The occurrence of (a) chemical reaction is the process in which substances interact to form new chemical compounds or alter their molecular structure.

occurence of electic field
type: Class
subclass of: responding process
definition: The occurrence of (an) electric field is a process describing the presence or generation of an electric field in a material or system.
isInMinimalProfile: true

occurence of magnetic field
type: Class
subclass of: responding process
definition: The occurrence of (a) magenetic field is a process describing the presence or generation of a magnetic field in a material or system.
isInMinimalProfile: true

optical microscope
type: Class
subclass of: microscope
label: Optisches Mikroskop @de
definition: A microscope that uses visible light and lenses to magnify and view small objects or details.
definition: Ein Mikroskop, das sichtbares Licht und Linsen verwendet, um kleine Objekte oder Details zu vergrößern und zu betrachten. @de

optical microscopy
type: Class
subclass of: microscopy process
label: Ein Mikroskopieverfahren, das sichtbares Licht und Linsen verwendet, um eine Probe zu vergrößern und abzubilden, und weit verbreitet zur Untersuchung der Mikrostruktur und Morphologie von Materialien ist. @de
label: Optische Mikroskopie @de
definition: A Microscopy Process that uses visible light and lenses to magnify and image a specimen, widely used for examining the microstructure and morphology of materials.
example: An example is Light Microscopy.

optical profilometer
type: Class
subclass of: surface profilometer
label: Optisches Profilometer @de
definition: An Optical Profilometer is a device that measures surface profiles and roughness by analyzing the interference patterns of light reflected from a specimen's surface.
definition: Ein optisches Profilometer ist ein Gerät, das Oberflächenprofile und Rauheit misst, indem es die Interferenzmuster von Licht analysiert, das von der Oberfläche eines Präparats reflektiert wird. @de

optical property
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: stimulated by
  some values from: waver irradiation
definition: An optical property is a material property representing the characteristics that describe how a material interacts with light, including reflection, refraction, and absorption.
isInMinimalProfile: true

optical property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: assay
label: Optische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that assesses the optical characteristics of materials, such as refractive index, absorption, transmission, reflectivity, and luminescence.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die optischen Eigenschaften von Materialien bewertet, wie z.B. Brechungsindex, Absorption, Transmission, Reflexion und Lumineszenz. @de

passing of time
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: Passing of time is a process that describes the progression of time, which can influence material aging and property changes.
isInMinimalProfile: true

phase boundary
type: Class
subclass of: morphological property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has realization
  some values from: change of aggregate state
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: responds with
  some values from: change of temperature
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: stimulated by
  some values from: application of heat flux
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: stimulated by
  some values from: application of mechanical load
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: stimulated by
  some values from: application of substance
definition: A phase boundary is a morphological property denoting the interface between two distinct phases of a material, such as solid-liquid or liquid-gas boundaries.
isInMinimalProfile: true

photochemical process
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
label: Photochemische Verfahren @de
definition: A Changing Properties Of Material process in which light, typically ultraviolet (UV) light is used to trigger chemical reactions. In the printing industry and some additive manufacturing methods, this light exposure is used to harden photoresists or cure inks and resins. The process relies on the specific wavelengths of light to initiate chemical changes in the material.
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, bei dem Licht, in der Regel ultraviolettes (UV) Licht, zur Auslösung chemischer Reaktionen verwendet wird. In der Druckindustrie und bei einigen additiven Fertigungsverfahren wird diese Lichteinwirkung zur Härtung von Fotolacken oder zur Aushärtung von Tinten und Harzen verwendet. Das Verfahren beruht auf den spezifischen Wellenlängen des Lichts, um chemische Veränderungen im Material auszulösen. @de
example: Exposure

physical simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation method specification
definition: a simulating approach describing the use of computational or experimental methods to replicate physical behaviors or processes under defined conditions.
isInMinimalProfile: true

pole figure
type: Class
subclass of: map
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: map
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property:
      inverse of: concretizes
    some values from: crystallographic texture
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: concretizes
  some values from: crystallographic texture
definition: A pole figure is a map representing a graphical representation of the orientation of crystallographic planes in a polycrystalline sample.
isInMinimalProfile: true

polishing machine
type: Class
subclass of: forming machine
label: Poliermaschine @de
definition: A Polishing Machine is a Forming Machine that smooths the surface of a material by rubbing it with a tool, abrasive, or chemical.
definition: Eine Poliermaschine ist eine Formmaschine, die die Oberfläche eines Materials durch Reiben mit einem Werkzeug, Schleifmittel oder Chemikalien glättet. @de

polymer
type: Class
subclass of: engineered material
editor note: Classified by morphology.
definition: A polymer is an engineered material that consists of many repeated subunits (monomers) to form long chains. The atoms within a polymer chain are bonded together by covalent bonds. The intermolecular forces between polymer chains are typically represented by Van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds.
isInMinimalProfile: true

pore growth
type: Class
subclass of: evolution of damage
definition: Pore Growth is an evolution of damagfe describing the process by which voids or pores in a material increase in size, often affecting its mechanical and physical properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

connected material entity aggregate
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
definition: A material entity aggregate that is a mereological sum of separate material entities, which adhere to one another through chemical bonds or physical junctions that go beyond gravity.
example: the atoms of a molecule, the molecules forming the membrane of a cell, the epidermis in a human body
isInMinimalProfile: true

disconnected material entity aggregate
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
definition: A material entity aggregate that is a mereological sum of scattered (i.e. spatially separated) material entities, which do not adhere to one another through chemical bonds or physical junctions but, instead, relate to one another merely on grounds of metric proximity. The material entities are separated from one another through space or through other material entities that do not belong to the group.
example: a heap of stones, a colony of honeybees, a group of synapses, the trees of a forest, the canopy of a forest, the fish of a shoal, a group of commuters on the subway, the patients in a hospital
isInMinimalProfile: true

powder
type: Class
subclass of: disconnected material entity aggregate
definition: A powder is a dry, solid disconnected material entity aggragate composed of many very fine particles. These particles can flow freely when shaken or tilted.
isInMinimalProfile: true

precision lathe
type: Class
subclass of: lathe
label: Präzisionsdrehmaschine @de
definition: A Precision Lathe is a Lathe that rotates a workpiece about an axis to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, drilling, or deformation with extreme accuracy.
definition: Eine Präzisionsdrehmaschine ist eine Drehmaschine, die ein Werkstück um eine Achse dreht, um verschiedene Operationen wie Schneiden, Schleifen, Bohren oder Verformung mit extremer Genauigkeit durchzuführen. @de

pressing on - in
type: Class
subclass of: joining
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8593-3
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8593-3 @de
label: Anpressen - Einpressen @de
definition: A joining process that involves mechanically pressing one component into or onto another to create a secure fit, thereby establishing a strong mechanical connection.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem ein Bauteil mechanisch in oder auf ein anderes gepresst wird, um eine sichere Passung und damit eine feste mechanische Verbindung herzustellen. @de
example: Clamps, Brackets, Wedging

pressure
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
disjoint with: temperature
comment: The pressure is commonly measured in Pascals.
definition: The pressure is a thermodynamic quality describing the force exerted per unit area on a material.
isInMinimalProfile: true

pressure measuring function
type: Class
subclass of: measuring function
label: Druckmessfunktion @de
definition: A subfunction of measuring performed to determine the pressure of gases or liquids.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion des Messens, die durchgeführt wird, um den Druck von Gasen oder Flüssigkeiten zu bestimmen. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

primary shaping
type: Class
subclass of: manufacturing process
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 4, 3.1.1 Urformen - Definition
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Seite 4, 3.1.1 Urformen - Definition @de
label: Urformen @de
alternative label: Primary Forming
definition: A manufacturing process that creates a defined workpiece from shapeless material by producing cohesion, whereby the characteristic properties of the material become visible in the end product.
definition: Ein Herstellungsprozess, der aus formlosem Stoff durch das Herstellen von Kohäsion ein definiertes Werkstück schafft, wobei die charakteristischen Eigenschaften des Materials im Endprodukt sichtbar werden. @de
example: Casting, Sintering

primary shaping by additive manufacturing
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
label: Urformen Durch Additive Fertigung @de
definition: A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials through additive manufacturing techniques.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien durch additive Fertigungstechniken beinhaltet. @de
example: 3D printing of polymer objects.

primary shaping by welding
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
label: Urformen Durch Schweissen @de
definition: A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials by welding.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien durch Schweißen beinhaltet. @de
example: Fabrication of steel structures using welding techniques.

primary shaping from the chip or fiber state
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
label: Urformen Aus Dem Spanförmigen Oder Faserförmigen Zustand @de
definition: A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials from a chip or fiber state.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem span- oder faserförmigen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Compression molding of wood chips into particle boards.

primary shaping from the gaseous or vapor state
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
label: Urformen Aus Dem Gasförmigen Oder Dampfförmigen Zustand @de
definition: A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials from a gaseous or vapor state.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem gasförmigen oder dampfförmigen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for thin film production.

primary shaping from the granular or powdered state
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
label: Urformen Aus Dem Körnerförmigen Oder Pulverförmigen Zustand @de
definition: A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials from a granular or powdered state.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem körnigen oder pulverförmigen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Powder metallurgy for creating metal parts.

primary shaping from the ionized state
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
label: Urformen Aus DemIonisierten Zustand @de
definition: A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials from an ionized state.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem ionisierten Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Plasma arc welding.

primary shaping from the liquid state
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
label: Urformen Aus Dem Flüssigen Zustand @de
definition: A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials from a liquid state.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem flüssigen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Casting of molten metal into molds.

primary shaping from the plastic state
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
label: Urformen Aus Dem Plastischen Zustand @de
definition: A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials from a plastic state.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien aus einem plastischen Zustand beinhaltet. @de
example: Thermoforming of plastic sheets.

primary shaping from the pulpy or pasty state
type: Class
subclass of: primary shaping
label: Urformen Aus Dem Breiigen Oder Pastösen Zustand @de
definition: A Primary Shaping process that involves forming materials through the transition from a pulpy or pasty state into a solid form.
definition: Ein Urformprozess, der das Formen von Materialien durch den Übergang aus einem breiigen oder pastösen Zustand in eine feste Form beinhaltet. @de
example: Pottery

rebound hardness
type: Class
subclass of: hardness
definition: The rebound hardness is representing a measure of a material's hardness based on the height of rebound of a hammer dropped on the material.
isInMinimalProfile: true

reflectivity
type: Class
subclass of: optical property
definition: The reflectivity is an optical property that describes the proportion of incident light or radiation that a material reflects.
isInMinimalProfile: true

reinforcement learning
type: Class
subclass of: deep learning
label: Reinforcement Learning @de
definition: A Deep Learning process that involves training models to make sequences of decisions by rewarding desired actions and punishing undesired ones.
definition: Ein Deep Learning Prozess, der Modelle darin trainiert, Abfolgen von Entscheidungen zu treffen, indem gewünschte Aktionen belohnt und unerwünschte bestraft werden. @de
example: Using RL to optimize the process parameters in additive manufacturing (3D printing) to achieve the desired material properties and reduce defects.
abbreviation: RL

removing
type: Class
subclass of: separating
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8590
definition source: Offizielle Definition findet man in: DIN 8590 @de
label: Abtragen @de
definition: A Seperating process that involves removing material through thermical, chemical and electrochemical methods.
definition: Ein Trennprozess, bei dem Material durch thermische, chemische und elektrochemische Methoden abgetragen wird. @de
example: Electrical Discharge Machining, Thermal Ablation

responding process
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: The responding process is a process describing the reaction of a material or system to an applied stimulus.
isInMinimalProfile: true

rheological property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Rheologische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that determines the flow and deformation behavior of materials under applied forces, including viscosity, elasticity, and plasticity, often through rheometry and viscometry techniques.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das das Fließ- und Deformationsverhalten von Materialien unter Einwirkung von Kräften bestimmt, einschließlich Viskosität, Elastizität und Plastizität, oft durch Rheometrie- und Viskosimetrie-Techniken. @de

rheometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Rheometer @de
definition: A device used to measure the flow and deformation properties of materials, particularly liquids and semi-solids.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der Fließ- und Verformungseigenschaften von Materialien, insbesondere von Flüssigkeiten und Halbfeststoffen. @de

rheometry
type: Class
subclass of: rheological property analyzing process
label: Rheometry @de
definition: A Rheological Property Analyzing Process that measures the flow and deformation behavior of materials, including complex fluids and soft solids, to provide comprehensive data on viscoelastic properties using rheometers.
definition: Ein Rheologisches Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das das Fließ- und Verformungsverhalten von Materialien misst, einschließlich komplexer Flüssigkeiten und weicher Feststoffe, um umfassende Daten zu viskoelastischen Eigenschaften unter Verwendung von Rheometern zu liefern. @de

sample role
type: Class
subclass of: role
editor note: ANMERKUNG: Ein Sample ist ein Teil (oder das Ganze) eines Probestücks. Das Probestück wird bei der Herstellung eines industriell verwendeten Produktes gezielt für die Überprüfung des Produkteigenschaften bereitgestellt. CAVE: Diese Anmerkung beschreibt das Objekt, welches die Rolle, die durch diese owl:Class definiert wird, realisiert. ANMERKUNG: Die exakte Wortwahl der EN 10021 wurde verallgemeinert. @de
editor note: In certain cases, the sample can be the specimen or the test piece itself.
editor note: Mitunter kann der Probenabschnitt (Sample) unmittelbar als Prüfling (Specimen) oder Probe dienen. @de
editor note: NOTE: A Sample is a part (or the whole) of a Sample product. The Sample product is specifically produced portion of an industrially used and traded product for the purpose of determining the properties/quality of the product. CAVE: This note describes the object, that realizes the role defined by this owl:Class. NOTE: The wording used in EN 10021 was generalized.
definition source: EN 10021:2006-12 (European standardization committee: CEN/TC 459/SC 12/WG 4)
label: Probe-Rolle @de
definition: Role of an object, which is a quantity of material taken from a (sample) product, that is sufficient for the purpose of obtaining test pieces.
definition: Rolle eines Objektes, das eine von einem Probestück/Material entnommene Menge ist, welche (vom Umfang her) geeignet ist Proben (Test Pieces) herzustellen. @de

saw
type: Class
subclass of: cutting device
definition: A saw is a device used to cut materials, especially wood. It usually consists of a thin, sharp metal blade fitted with teeth and a handle or frame that allows the user to guide the saw. There are different types of saws designed for different applications, including handsaws, circular saws, hacksaws and band saws. Each type of saw is designed for specific tasks and materials to enable efficient cutting.
definition: Eine Säge ist ein Gerät, das zum Zerteilen von Materialien, insbesondere von Holz, verwendet wird. Sie besteht in der Regel aus einem dünnen, scharfen Metallblatt, das mit Zähnen versehen ist, und einem Griff oder Rahmen, der es dem Benutzer ermöglicht, die Säge zu führen. Es gibt verschiedene Arten von Sägen, die für verschiedene Anwendungen konzipiert sind, darunter Handsägen, Kreissägen, Bügelsägen und Bandsägen. Jede Art von Säge ist auf bestimmte Aufgaben und Materialien abgestimmt, um effizientes Schneiden zu ermöglichen. @de
definition: Säge @de

scanning electron microscope
type: Class
subclass of: microscope
label: Rasterelektronenmikroskop @de
definition: A Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is a Measuring Device that produces high-resolution images of a sample surface by scanning it with a focused beam of electrons.
definition: Ein Rasterelektronenmikroskop (REM) ist ein Messgerät, das hochauflösende Bilder einer Probenoberfläche erzeugt, indem es sie mit einem fokussierten Elektronenstrahl abtastet. @de

pair of scissors
type: Class
subclass of: cutting device
label: Schere @de
definition: A tool with two sharp blades that are brought together by pressure on the handles to cut paper, fabric, or other materials.
definition: Ein Werkzeug mit zwei scharfen Klingen, die durch Druck auf die Griffe zusammengeführt werden, um Papier, Stoff oder andere Materialien zu schneiden. @de

scratch hardness
type: Class
subclass of: hardness
definition source: A measure of a material's resistance to deformation or scratching by a harder material.
definition: The scratch hardness is a hardness representing a measure of a material's resistance to deformation or scratching by a harder material.
isInMinimalProfile: true

scratch testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Kratzprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the scratch resistance of materials by applying a scratching force.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Kratzfestigkeit von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Kratzkraft. @de

scratch testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Ritzhärteprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that evaluates a material's resistance to scratching, measuring hardness and adhesion properties.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Kratzer bewertet und seine Härte- und Haftungseigenschaften misst. @de
example: Scratch testing of a coated surface to determine the adhesion quality of the coating to the substrate.

separating
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: manufacturing process
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: realizes
    some values from: cut function
subclass of: manufacturing process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: realizes
  some values from: cut function
definition source: Official definition can be found in: DIN 8580:2003-9 Fertigungsverfahren, Page 4, 3.1.3 Trennen - Definition
label: Trennen @de
definition: A manufacturing process in which the bond between objects is broken, resulting in a partial or complete reduction in cohesion.
definition: Ein Herstellungsprozess, bei dem die Bindung zwischen Objekten aufgehoben wird, was zu einer teilweisen oder vollständigen Verringerung der Kohäsion führt. @de
example: Disassembling, Removal
abbreviation: Cutting

shear testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Schubprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to measure the shear strength of materials by applying a shearing force and measuring deformation.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der Scherfestigkeit von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Schubkraft und Messung der Verformung. @de

shear testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Schubprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that measures a material's response to shear forces, determining its shear strength and shear modulus.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Reaktion eines Materials auf Scherkräfte misst und seine Scherfestigkeit und seinen Schermodul bestimmt. @de
example: Shear testing of rivets to ensure they can hold structural components together under lateral loads.

simulation method specification
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
definition: A plan specification that specifies the method of creating a computational or physical model to replicate the behavior of a material or system under specific conditions.
isInMinimalProfile: true

simulation device
type: Class
subclass of: computing device
label: Simulationsknoten @de
definition: A processing node that implements foo as well as consumes and creates simulation objects and parameters.

simulation process
type: Class
subclass of: computing process
label: Simulationsprozess @de
definition: A Computing Process that models the behavior of a system over time using mathematical or computational techniques.
definition: Ein Datenverarbeitungsprozess, der das Verhalten eines Systems im Laufe der Zeit mit mathematischen oder rechnerischen Techniken modelliert @de

sintering
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
definition source: https://industrylist.com/glossar/stoffeigenschaften-aendern/sintern/
label: Sintern @de
definition: A changing properties of materials process in which granular and powdery materials, which have already been shaped in the first step, are mixed and combined and compacted by heating.
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaftsänderungsprozess, bei dem körnige und pulverförmige Stoffe, welche im ersten Schritt bereits in Form gebracht wurden, vermischt und durch Erwärmung verbunden und verdichtet werden. @de
example: Metal Powder Sintering, Ceramic Sintering

sizing saw
type: Class
subclass of: circular saw
label: Formatkreissäge @de
definition: A sizing saw is an industrial circular saw designed for large cutting formats in woodworking and furniture production.
definition: Eine Formatkreissäge ist eine industrielle Kreissäge, die für große Schnittformate in der Holzverarbeitung und Möbelherstellung ausgelegt ist. @de

slide
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Schlitten @de
definition: A moving piece that is guided by a part along its path, providing the mount for objects.

soldering device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Lötgerät @de
definition: A device used for joining materials together by melting and applying a filler metal.
definition: Ein Gerät zum Verbinden von Materialien durch Schmelzen und Auftragen eines Füllmetalls. @de

soldering function
type: Class
subclass of: joining function
label: Lötfunktion @de
definition: A subfunction of joining performed to connect materials using soldering techniques.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion des Verbindens, die durchgeführt wird, um Materialien durch Löttechniken zu verbinden. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

spalling testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Abplatzprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the resistance of materials to spalling or flaking under various conditions.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Widerstandsfähigkeit von Materialien gegenüber Abplatzungen oder Abblätterungen unter verschiedenen Bedingungen. @de

spalling testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Abplatzprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that evaluates the resistance of a material to surface spalling or flaking under high impact or thermal stresses.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Widerstandsfähigkeit eines Materials gegen Oberflächenabplatzungen oder Abblättern unter hohen Stoß- oder thermischen Belastungen bewertet. @de
example: Spalling testing of refractory bricks used in furnaces to ensure their longevity and performance under extreme conditions.

specific surface area
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: The specific surface area is a morphologic quality describing the total surface area of a material per unit of mass or volume.
isInMinimalProfile: true

spectrometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Spektrometer @de
definition: A Spectrometer is a Measuring Device that measures the properties of light over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, typically to analyze the composition of a material.
definition: Ein Spektrometer ist ein Messgerät, das die Eigenschaften von Licht über einen bestimmten Teil des elektromagnetischen Spektrums misst, typischerweise zur Analyse der Zusammensetzung eines Materials. @de

spectroscopy process
type: Class
subclass of: structural property analyzing process
label: Spektroskopie Verfahren @de
definition: A Structural Property Analyzing Process that measures the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter to determine e.g. the composition, structure, and other properties of materials.
definition: Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Wechselwirkung von elektromagnetischer Strahlung mit Materie misst, um die Zusammensetzung, Struktur und physikalischen Eigenschaften von Materialien zu bestimmen. @de

spectrum
type: Class
subclass of: 1D
disjoint with: time series
definition: A spectrum is a 1-D information content entity that describes the range of wavelengths or frequencies of a physical property, often used in reference to light, sound, or electromagnetic radiation.
isInMinimalProfile: true

speed of sound
type: Class
subclass of: accoustic property
definition: The speed of sound is an accoustic property representing the rate at which sound waves travel through a material, dependent on its density and elastic properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

stiffness
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: responds with
  some values from: deformation
disjoint with: strength
definition: The stiffness is a mechanical property describing the resistance of a material to deformation under an applied force.
isInMinimalProfile: true

stimulating process
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: The stimulating process is a process describing the application of an external influence, such as force, heat, or radiation, to study material response.
isInMinimalProfile: true

stochastic simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation method specification
definition: a simulation approach that incorporates random variables to model probabilistic systems or processes.
isInMinimalProfile: true

strength
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property
definition: The strength is a mechanical property describing the maximum stress a material can withstand before failure.
isInMinimalProfile: true

structural and chemical decay
type: Class
subclass of: evolution of damage
definition: The structural and chemical decay is an evolution of damage describing the deterioration of a material's structure and composition over time due to environmental or operational conditions.
isInMinimalProfile: true

structural material
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: functional material
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part of
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: object
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has function
        some values from: mechanical function
editor note: Classified by the role in a system.
definition: A Structural Material S is an Engineered Material which has the disposition to be used for an Object O (O consists of S) and O's function is primarily mechanical load carrying.
isInMinimalProfile: true

structural optimization simulation
type: Class
subclass of: simulation process
label: Strukturoptimierungssimulation @de
definition: A Simulation Process that aims to find the most stable structure of a molecular system by minimizing its energy.
definition: Ein Simulationsprozess, der darauf abzielt, die stabilste Struktur eines molekularen Systems durch Minimierung seiner Energie zu finden. @de
example: Optimizing the atomic structure of a catalyst to enhance its performance.

structural property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: assay
label: Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that examines the external and internal structure and morphology of materials, including the arrangement of atoms, crystals, grains, and phases, often using techniques like microscopy and diffraction.
definition: Eine Analyse, die die äußere und innere Struktur und Morphologie von Materialien untersucht, einschließlich der Anordnung von Atomen, Kristallen, Körnern und Phasen, oft unter Verwendung von Techniken wie Mikroskopie und Beugung. @de

subject of adjustment role
type: Class
subclass of: device role
label: Einstellungsgegenstandsrolle @de
definition: Role of a device that is being adjusted. The role is realized in an adjustment process.
definition: Rolle eines Gerätes (Einstellungsgegenstand), das eingestellt wird. Die Rolle wird ein einem Einstellungsprozess realisiert. @de

subject of calibration role
type: Class
subclass of: device role
label: Kalibrierungsgegenstandsrolle @de
definition: Role of a device that is being calibrated. The role is realized in a calibration process.
definition: Rolle eines Gerätes (Kalibrierungsgegenstand), das kalibriert wird. Die Rolle wird ein einem Kalibrierungsprozess realisiert. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

sublimation point
type: Class
subclass of: phase boundary
definition: The sublimation point is a phase boundary that describes the temperature at which a material transitions directly from a solid to a gaseous state without passing through the liquid phase.
isInMinimalProfile: true

supercritical fluid chromatography process
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography process
label: Überkritische Fluidchromatographie Verfahren @de
definition: A Chromatography Process that utilizes a supercritical fluid as the mobile phase to separate components, offering higher speed and efficiency compared to traditional methods.
definition: Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das ein überkritisches Fluid als mobile Phase verwendet, um Komponenten zu trennen, und im Vergleich zu traditionellen Methoden eine höhere Geschwindigkeit und Effizienz bietet. @de
example: Supercritical fluid chromatography is used to separate and analyze complex mixtures of polymers and plastics.

supercritical fluid chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography system
label: Überkritisches Fluid-Chromatographiesystem @de
definition: A device used for separating and analyzing compounds using supercritical fluids as the mobile phase in chromatography.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Trennung und Analyse von Verbindungen unter Verwendung von überkritischen Flüssigkeiten als mobile Phase in der Chromatographie. @de

supervised machine learning
type: Class
subclass of: machine learning
label: supervised learning @de
definition: A Machine Learning process that learns a function mapping from input data to labeled output data.
definition: Ein Maschinelles Lernen Prozess, der eine Funktion erlernt, die Eingabedaten auf beschriftete Ausgabedaten abbildet. @de
example: Training a model to predict the tensile strength of a material based on its composition and manufacturing process parameters. This involves using a dataset where the tensile strength is already known (labeled data) to train the model.

surface layer (fiat object part)
type: Class
subclass of: fiat object part
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  all values from: Class
    union of: object aggregate
    union of: object
definition: A surface layer (fiat object part) is a fiat object part that is part of only object. The surface layer is the three dimensional region defining the outermost layer of an object, where surface-interactions with other material entities occur. What is considered as the surface is thus defined by the interaction process.
example: When considering optical properties of a surface layer (fiat object part) of a polished piece of metal we likely consider a different three dimensional spatial region than when considering the scratch hardness properties of the same polished piece of metal.
isInMinimalProfile: true

surface profilometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Oberflächenprofilometer @de
definition: A device used to measure the surface profile and texture of materials.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung des Oberflächenprofils und der Textur von Materialien. @de

temperature
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
comment: The concept refers to an absolute tempeature, not to be mistaken with temperature difference.
comment: To express that an object has a temperature, the property 'intensive bearer of' can be used. It implies a chain of: object consists of some portion of matter and portion of matter bearer of some temperature.
definition: The temperature is a fundamental intensive quality representing the average atomic or molcular movement or vibration of a portion of matter.
isInMinimalProfile: true

temperature change device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Temperaturänderungswerkzeug @de
definition: A device that is used for the alteration and adjustment of the temperature of a tangible object or the environment, e.g., a furnace and cooling media.
definition: Diese Entität beschreibt allgemein jedes Werkzeug, das zur Änderung und Einstellung der Temperatur eines materiellen Objekts oder der Umgebung verwendet wird, z. B. einen Ofen und Kühlmittel. @de

temperature change function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Temperaturänderungsfunktion @de
definition: A subfunction of heat treatment performed to induce changes in temperature to alter material properties.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion der Wärmebehandlung, die durchgeführt wird, um Temperaturänderungen hervorzurufen, um die Materialeigenschaften zu verändern. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

temperature measuring function
type: Class
subclass of: measuring function
label: Temperaturmessfunktion @de
definition: A subfunction of measuring performed to determine the temperature of an object or environment.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion des Messens, die durchgeführt wird, um die Temperatur eines Objekts oder einer Umgebung zu bestimmen. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

temporal property
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: stimulated by
  some values from: passing of time
definition: A temporal property is a material property that represents attributes related to the time-dependent behavior of a material or process.
isInMinimalProfile: true

tensile testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Zugprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the tensile strength and elongation of materials by applying a stretching force.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Zugfestigkeit und Dehnung von Materialien durch Anwendung einer Dehnkraft.

tensile testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Zugprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that determines a material's response to tensile forces, measuring its tensile strength, elongation, and Young's modulus.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Reaktion eines Materials auf Zugkräfte bestimmt und seine Zugfestigkeit, Dehnung und seinen Elastizitätsmodul misst. @de
example: Tensile testing of polymer films to ensure they can stretch without breaking in packaging applications

test piece role
type: Class
subclass of: role
editor note: ANMERKUNG: Ein Test Piece ist ein Teilstück (potenziell alles) eines Specimens, welches die Bedingungen erfüllt, die durch ein anzuwendendes Prüfverfahren gestellt werden. Ein Specimen erfüllt diese Anforderungen im Allgemeinen erst nach weiterer Bearbeitung. CAVE: Diese Anmerkung beschreibt das Objekt, welches die Rolle, die durch diese owl:Class definiert wird, realisiert. ANMERKUNG: Die exakte Wortwahl der EN 10021 wurde verallgemeinert. @de
editor note: In certain cases, the test piece can be the sample or the specimen itself.
editor note: Mitunter kann der Probenabschnitt (Sample) oder der Prüfling (Specimen) unmittelbar als Probe dienen. @de
editor note: NOTE: A Test Piece is a piece that is taken from a specimen (potentially the whole specimen), which fulfills the requirements, that are set by the test procedure in which the test piece is about to be used. A specimen fulfills this requierements generally speaking only after further treatment/processing. CAVE: This note describes the object, that realizes the role defined by this owl:Class. NOTE: The wording used in EN 10021 was generalized.
definition source: EN 10021:2006-12 (European standardization committee: CEN/TC 459/SC 12/WG 4)
label: Proben-Rolle @de
definition: Rolle eines Objekts, welches eine Probe ist, die aus einem Prüfling (Specimen) oder Probenabschnitt (Sample) entnommen wurde; die Probe hat festgelegte Dimensionen, kann maschinell bearbeitet sein, wurde in einen für die Verwendung in einem Prüfverfahren notwendigen Zustand gebracht @de
definition: role of object which is a part taken from a specimen or sample; the part has specified dimensions, is machined or un-machined, brought to a required condition for submission to a given test

testing function
type: Class
subclass of: function
label: Testfunktion @de
definition: A function performed to assess or evaluate the properties, performance, or quality of materials or devices.
definition: Eine Funktion, die durchgeführt wird, um die Eigenschaften, Leistung oder Qualität von Materialien oder Geräten zu bewerten. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

textile joining
type: Class
subclass of: joining
definition source: Keine offizielle Definition in DIN @de
definition source: No offical definition in DIN
label: Textiles Fügen @de
definition: A joining process that involves connecting textile materials.
definition: Ein Füge Prozess, bei dem textile Materialien miteinander verbunden werden. @de
example: Sewing, Stapling

thermal conductivity
type: Class
subclass of: thermal property
definition: The thermal conductivity is a thermal property describing the ability of a material to conduct heat.
isInMinimalProfile: true

thermal conductivity measurement process
type: Class
subclass of: thermal property analyzing process
label: Wärmeleitfähigkeitsmessverfahren @de
definition: A Thermal Property Analyzing Process that measures the thermal conductivity of a material, determining its ability to conduct heat.
definition: Ein Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Wärmeleitfähigkeit eines Materials misst und dessen Fähigkeit bestimmt, Wärme zu leiten. @de
example: Measuring the thermal conductivity of a composite material used in aerospace applications to ensure efficient heat dissipation.
abbreviation: TCMP

thermal conductivity measuring function
type: Class
subclass of: measuring function
label: Wärmeleitfähigkeitsmessfunktion @de
definition: A function that inheres in devices used to measure the thermal conductivity of materials.
definition: Eine Funktion, die in Geräten besteht, die zur Messung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit von Materialien verwendet werden. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

thermal property
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral material property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: stimulated by
  some values from: application of heat flux
definition: A thermal property is a material property representing attributes of a material that describe its behavior under temperature changes, such as thermal conductivity and expansion.
isInMinimalProfile: true

thermal property analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: assay
label: Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren @de
definition: An assay that measures the thermal behavior of materials, including heat capacity, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, and phase transitions in response to temperature changes.
definition: Eine Analyse, die das thermische Verhalten von Materialien misst, einschließlich Wärmekapazität, Wärmeleitfähigkeit, thermischer Ausdehnung und Phasenübergängen in Reaktion auf Temperaturänderungen. @de

thermocouple
type: Class
subclass of: device
definition source: “Thermocouple.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thermocouple. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023.
label: Thermoelement @de
definition: A device for measuring temperature in which a pair of wires of dissimilar metals (such as copper and iron) are joined and the free ends of the wires are connected to an instrument (such as a voltmeter) that measures the difference in potential created at the junction of the two metals.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Temperaturmessung, bei dem ein Paar Drähte aus unterschiedlichen Metallen (z. B. Kupfer und Eisen) verbunden und die freien Enden der Drähte mit einem Instrument (z. B. einem Voltmeter) verbunden werden, das die an der Verbindungsstelle erzeugte der beiden Metalle Potentialdifferenz misst . @de

thermocycler
type: Class
subclass of: temperature change device
label: Thermocycler @de
definition: A Thermocycler is a Temperature Change Device that rapidly changes the temperature of a sample in cycles, often used in polymerase chain reactions (PCR).
definition: Ein Thermocycler ist ein Temperaturwechselgerät, das die Temperatur einer Probe in Zyklen schnell ändert, oft verwendet in der Polymerase-Kettenreaktion (PCR). @de

thermogravimetric analysis process
type: Class
subclass of: thermal property analyzing process
label: Thermogravimetrische Analyse-Verfahren @de
definition: A Thermal Property Analyzing Process that measures the change in mass of a material as a function of temperature or time in a controlled atmosphere, determining its thermal stability and composition.
definition: Ein Thermische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Massenänderung eines Materials in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur oder Zeit in einer kontrollierten Atmosphäre misst und dessen thermische Stabilität und Zusammensetzung bestimmt. @de
example: Thermogravimetric analysis of a metal alloy to determine its oxidation stability at high temperatures.
abbreviation: TGA

thermomechanical analysis process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
subclass of: thermal property analyzing process
label: Thermomechanische Analyse-Verfahren @de
definition: A Thermoanalytical Process that measures the dimensional changes of a material as a function of temperature, determining its coefficient of thermal expansion.
definition: Ein Thermoanalytisches Verfahren, das die Maßänderungen eines Materials als Funktion der Temperatur misst und seinen thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten bestimmt. @de
example: Thermomechanical analysis of a polymer to ensure it maintains dimensional stability under varying temperature conditions.
abbreviation: TMA

thermomechanical treatment
type: Class
subclass of: changing properties of material
label: Thermomechanisches Behandeln @de
definition: A Changing Properties Of Material process that involves the simultaneous application of heat and mechanical stresses. Thermomechanical treatment is utilized to alter and improve the material's microstructure and mechanical properties.
definition: Ein Stoffeigenschaft Ändern Prozess, der die gleichzeitige Anwendung von Wärme und mechanischen Spannungen beinhaltet. Die thermomechanische Behandlung wird eingesetzt, um die Mikrostruktur und die mechanischen Eigenschaften des Materials zu verändern und zu verbessern. @de
example: Hot Isostatic Pressing

thin-layer chromatography process
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography process
label: Dünnschichtchromatographie Verfahren @de
definition: A Chromatography Process that separates non-volatile mixtures by applying a sample on a thin layer of an adsorbent material and using a solvent to move the components up the layer based on their affinities.
definition: Ein Chromatographieverfahren, das nichtflüchtige Gemische trennt, indem eine Probe auf eine dünne Schicht eines Adsorptionsmaterials aufgetragen und ein Lösungsmittel verwendet wird, um die Komponenten basierend auf ihren Affinitäten entlang der Schicht zu bewegen. @de
example: Using thin-layer chromatography to analyze the composition of a polymer mixture to identify different components.

thin layer chromatography system
type: Class
subclass of: chromatography system
label: Dünnschichtchromatographiesystem @de
definition: A device used for separating compounds in a sample using a thin layer of adsorbent material on a plate.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Trennung von Verbindungen in einer Probe unter Verwendung einer dünnen Schicht adsorbierenden Materials auf einer Platte. @de

3d printer
type: Class
subclass of: additive manufacturing device
label: 3D-Drucker @de
definition: A 3D Printer is an Additive Manufacturing Device that creates three-dimensional objects by building them layer by layer from a digital model.
definition: Ein 3D-Drucker ist ein Gerät für die additive Fertigung, das dreidimensionale Objekte durch schichtweises Aufbauen aus einem digitalen Modell erzeugt. @de

time series
type: Class
subclass of: 1D
definition: A time series is a 1-D information content entity defined by a sequence of data points collected or recorded at successive time intervals, used for analyzing temporal properties or trends.
isInMinimalProfile: true

torsion testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Torsionsprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the resistance of materials to twisting forces by applying a torque and measuring the resulting deformation.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung des Widerstands von Materialien gegenüber Drehkräften durch Anwendung eines Drehmoments und Messung der resultierenden Verformung. @de

torsion testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Torsionsprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that assesses a material's behavior when subjected to twisting forces, determining its torsional strength and shear modulus.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das das Verhalten eines Materials bei Torsionskräften bewertet und seine Torsionsfestigkeit und Schermodul bestimmt. @de
example: Evaluating the torsional strength of a metal rod used in a mechanical shaft to prevent failure under rotational loads.

triple point
type: Class
subclass of: phase boundary
definition: The triple point is a phase boundary described by the specific temperature and pressure at which three phases of a substance coexist in equilibrium.
isInMinimalProfile: true

ultrasonic cleaner
type: Class
subclass of: cleaning device
label: Ultraschallreiniger @de
definition: A device that uses ultrasound and a cleaning solvent to clean delicate or complex items.
definition: An Ultrasonic Cleaner is a Cleaning Device that uses high-frequency sound waves and a cleaning solvent to remove contaminants from delicate or complex items.
definition: Ein Gerät, das Ultraschall und ein Reinigungsmittel verwendet, um empfindliche oder komplexe Gegenstände zu reinigen. @de
definition: Ein Ultraschallreiniger ist ein Reinigungsgerät, das Hochfrequenzschallwellen und ein Reinigungsmittel verwendet, um Verunreinigungen von empfindlichen oder komplexen Gegenständen zu entfernen. @de

ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Ultraviolett-Visible-Spektrophotometer @de
definition: A device used to measure the absorbance of a sample in the ultraviolet and visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der Absorption einer Probe im ultravioletten und sichtbaren Bereich des elektromagnetischen Spektrums. @de

unsupervised machine learning
type: Class
subclass of: machine learning
label: Unsupervised Learning @de
definition: A Machine Learning process that identifies patterns and relationships in data without using labeled outcomes.
definition: Ein Maschinelles Lernen Prozess, der Muster und Zusammenhänge in Daten identifiziert, ohne beschriftete Ergebnisse zu verwenden. @de
example: Using clustering algorithms to group similar materials based on their properties (e.g., hardness, elasticity, thermal conductivity) without prior knowledge of the categories. For instance, discovering new categories of alloy compositions that exhibit similar thermal properties.

viscometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Viskosimeter @de
definition: A device used to measure the viscosity of liquids, providing information about their flow properties.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Messung der Viskosität von Flüssigkeiten, das Informationen über ihre Fließeigenschaften liefert. @de

viscometry
type: Class
subclass of: rheological property analyzing process
label: Viskosimetrie @de
definition: A Rheological Property Analyzing Process that measures the viscosity of a fluid, which is its resistance to gradual deformation by shear or tensile stress, using viscometers or rheometers.
definition: Ein Rheologisches Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das die Viskosität einer Flüssigkeit misst, also deren Widerstand gegen allmähliche Verformung durch Scher- oder Zugspannung, unter Verwendung von Viskosimetern oder Rheometern. @de

water purification system
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Wasseraufbereitungssystem @de
definition: A Water Purification System is a Device used to remove contaminants from water to produce clean and safe drinking water.
definition: Ein Wasseraufbereitungssystem ist ein Gerät, das verwendet wird, um Verunreinigungen aus Wasser zu entfernen, um sauberes und sicheres Trinkwasser herzustellen. @de

waterjet cutter
type: Class
subclass of: cutting device
label: Wasserstrahlschneider @de
definition: A device that utilizes a high-pressure stream of water or a water stream with abrasive particles to cut materials such as metal, stone, plastic, etc.
definition: Ein Gerät, das einen Hochdruckwasserstrahl oder einen Wasserstrahl mit abrasiven Partikeln verwendet, um Materialien wie Metall, Stein, Kunststoff usw. zu schneiden. @de

waver irradiation
type: Class
subclass of: irradiation process
definition: A waver irradiation is an irradiation describing an exposure of a material or system to electromagnetic waves or radiation.

wear testing machine
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Verschleißprüfmaschine @de
definition: A device used to test the wear resistance of materials by subjecting them to abrasive conditions.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Prüfung der Verschleißfestigkeit von Materialien durch Aussetzen dieser Bedingungen unter Abrasivbedingungen. @de

wear testing process
type: Class
subclass of: mechanical property analyzing process
label: Verschleißprüfverfahren @de
definition: A Mechanical Property Analyzing Process that evaluates the resistance of a material to wear and abrasion, simulating real-life conditions of friction.
definition: Ein Mechanische Eigenschaften Analyseverfahrenn, das den Widerstand eines Materials gegen Verschleiß und Abrieb bewertet und reale Reibungsbedingungen simuliert. @de
example: Wear testing of automotive brake pads to ensure longevity and performance under repetitive braking conditions.

welding device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Schweißgerät @de
definition: A device used for joining materials by melting them together, typically with the addition of a filler material.
definition: Ein Gerät zum Verbinden von Materialien durch Schmelzen, üblicherweise unter Zugabe eines Füllmaterials. @de

welding function
type: Class
subclass of: joining function
label: Schweißfunktion @de
definition: A subfunction of joining performed to fuse materials together using welding techniques.
definition: Eine Unterfunktion des Verbindens, die durchgeführt wird, um Materialien durch Schweißtechniken zu verbinden. @de
isInMinimalProfile: true

x-ray analyzing process
type: Class
subclass of: structural property analyzing process
label: Röntgen Analyseverfahren @de
definition: A Structural Property Analyzing Process that uses X-rays to investigate the internal structure, composition, and properties of materials by measuring the interaction of X-rays with the sample.
definition: Ein Struktur Eigenschaften Analyseverfahren, das Röntgenstrahlen verwendet, um die innere Struktur, Zusammensetzung und Eigenschaften von Materialien zu untersuchen, indem die Wechselwirkung der Röntgenstrahlen mit der Probe gemessen wird. @de

x-ray computed tomography
type: Class
subclass of: x-ray analyzing process
label: Röntgen-Computertomographie @de
definition: A X-ray Analyzing Process, that uses X-rays to create detailed cross-sectional images of an object.
definition: Ein Röntgenanalyseverfahren, das Röntgenstrahlen verwendet, um detaillierte Querschnittsbilder eines Objekts zu erstellen. @de
example: For example, X-ray Computed Tomography can be used to analyze the porosity of cement. This process allows researchers to visualize and quantify the distribution, size, and connectivity of pores within the cement.
abbreviation: CT

x-ray diffraction process
type: Class
subclass of: x-ray analyzing process
label: Beugungsprozess @de
definition: An X-ray Analyzing Process, that involves the interaction of X-rays with the crystalline structure of a material.
definition: Ein Röntgenanalyseverfahren, das die Wechselwirkung von Röntgenstrahlen mit der kristallinen Struktur eines Materials umfasst. @de
example: XRD is used to e.g. determine the crystal structure of newly synthesized compounds to determine the crystal lattice arrangement.
abbreviation: XRD

x-ray mapping
type: Class
subclass of: x-ray analyzing process
label: Röntgen-Mapping @de
definition: An X-ray Analyzing Process that generates a spatial distribution map of the elements within a specimen by scanning the sample with an electron or X-ray beam and detecting the emitted X-rays, providing detailed compositional information across the sample's surface.
definition: Ein Röntgenanalyseverfahren, das eine räumliche Verteilungskarte der Elemente innerhalb einer Probe erstellt, indem die Probe mit einem Elektronen- oder Röntgenstrahl abgetastet und die emittierten Röntgenstrahlen detektiert werden, wodurch detaillierte Zusammensetzungsinformationen über die Oberfläche der Probe geliefert werden. @de
example: An example of an X-ray Mapping process is X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy, X-ray Fluorescence, or X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy.

x-ray microanalysis
type: Class
subclass of: x-ray analyzing process
label: Röntgen-Mikroanalyse @de
definition: An X-ray Analyzing Process that determines the elemental composition and chemical properties of a specimen by detecting and analyzing the characteristic X-rays emitted from the sample when it is irradiated with a focused electron beam.
definition: Ein Röntgenanalyseverfahren, das die elementare Zusammensetzung und chemischen Eigenschaften einer Probe bestimmt, indem die charakteristischen Röntgenstrahlen detektiert und analysiert werden, die von der Probe emittiert werden, wenn sie mit einem fokussierten Elektronenstrahl bestrahlt wird. @de
example: An example for X-ray Microanalysis process is Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy.

x-ray spectroscopy
type: Class
subclass of: spectroscopy process
label: Röntgenspektroskopie @de
definition: A Spectroscopy Process, that analyzes the interaction of X-rays with matter to determine the material's composition and structure.
definition: Ein Spektroskopie Verfahren, das die Wechselwirkung von Röntgenstrahlen mit Materie analysiert, um die Zusammensetzung und Struktur des Materials zu bestimmen. @de
example: Examples are e.g. X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray emission spectroscopy, and X-ray reflection spectroscopy.

x-ray diffractometer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Röntgenbeugungsgerät @de
definition: An X-Ray Diffractometer is a Measuring Device that determines the crystal structure of materials by analyzing the diffraction patterns of X-rays passed through a sample.
definition: Ein Röntgenbeugungsgerät ist ein Messgerät, das die Kristallstruktur von Materialien durch Analyse der Beugungsmuster von durch eine Probe geleiteten Röntgenstrahlen bestimmt. @de

x-ray analyzer
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Röntgenanalysator @de
definition: A device used to analyze the composition and properties of materials through X-ray techniques such as diffraction or fluorescence.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Analyse der Zusammensetzung und Eigenschaften von Materialien durch Röntgenverfahren wie Beugung oder Fluoreszenz. @de

x-ray computed tomography system
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Röntgen-Computertomographiesystem @de
definition: A device that uses X-ray computed tomography techniques to produce cross-sectional images of a material.
definition: Ein Gerät, das Röntgen-Computertomographietechniken verwendet, um Querschnittsbilder eines Materials zu erstellen. @de

x-ray mapping device
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Röntgenkartierungsgerät @de
definition: A device used for mapping the spatial distribution of elements or compounds within a material using X-ray fluorescence or diffraction techniques.
definition: Ein Gerät, das zur Kartierung der räumlichen Verteilung von Elementen oder Verbindungen innerhalb eines Materials mithilfe von Röntgenfluoreszenz- oder -beugungstechniken verwendet wird. @de

x-ray microanalysis system
type: Class
subclass of: device
label: Röntgenmikroanalyssystem @de
definition: A device used for microanalysis of materials using X-ray techniques to determine elemental composition at a microscopic scale.
definition: Ein Gerät zur Mikroanalyse von Materialien unter Verwendung von Röntgentechniken zur Bestimmung der Elementzusammensetzung auf mikroskopischer Ebene. @de

cutting device
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: device
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has function
    some values from: cut function
subclass of: device
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has function
  some values from: cut function
definition: A device designed to cut, slice, divide, or sever objects.

hand held device
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: device
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has disposition
    some values from: hand holdable disposition
subclass of: device
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: hand holdable disposition
definition: A device that has the disposition to be grasped and operated by a human hand and is designed for manual use.

phase (thermodynamic)
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
definition: A thermodynamic phase is portion of matter that is part of a thermodynamic system and has homogeneus thermodynamic properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

filler role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: Filler is the role of a PortionOfDisconnectedMatter that implies being hosted in a Matrix.
isInMinimalProfile: true

precipitate role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: Precipitate is the role of a Portion Of Matter that implies being hosted in a Matrix and the Precipitate derives from the Matrix or the Precipitate derives from the Thing that the Matrix derives from.
isInMinimalProfile: true

crystal
type: Class
subclass of: object
definition: A crystal is an object that has part some entities that concretize a Bravais lattice.
isInMinimalProfile: true

composition specification
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: information content entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is concretized as
    some values from: composition
subclass of: information content entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is concretized as
  some values from: composition
definition: Composition specification is an information content entity that is conretized by composition of a portion of matter and has memebers fraction specifications of portions of other matters (but not chemical elements) of which the whole portion of matter consists of (has parts).
example: Nitric acid solution has quality composition , which concretizes the composition specification .The composition specification has parts fraction specifications of nitric acid, e.g., 4 vol.%, and distilled water. These fraction specifications specify value of pure substances of nitric acid and distilled water, respectively. Furthermore, these fraction specifications are conretized by relational qualities (volume) proportion of nitric acid and (volume) proportion of distilled water.
isInMinimalProfile: true

metallic grain structures
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  one of: bainite
  one of: austenite
  one of: ferrite
  one of: ledeburite
  one of: pearlite
  one of: widmanstatten structure
  one of: martensite
subclass of: categorical value specification
definition: Metallic grain structures are descriptors for the morphology of polycrystalline metallic materials. Polycrystalline metallic materials will typically form their grain structures as one of those categories or a transition or mixture state of those.
isInMinimalProfile: true

hydrogen bond
type: Class
subclass of: bond
definition: A hydrogen bond is a bond that binds one molecule’s hydrogen atom with the electronegative atoms of another molecule.
example: The bond that forms between liquid water molecules at one molecules hydrogen ends and the other molecules oxigen end.
isInMinimalProfile: true

obstacle role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: An obstacle role is a role of an independent continuant C that is realized in a motion process and indictes that C hinders the motion of a participant in the process.
example: A precipitate or grain boundary may hinder the motion of a dislocation.

portion of iron
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: iron atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only Iron atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Iron' is a 'Poriton Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:iron atom.

portion of indium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: indium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only indium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Indium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:indium atom.

portion of chromium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: chromium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only chromium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Chromium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:chromium atom.

portion of carbon
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: carbon atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only carbon atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Carbon' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:carbon atom.

portion of germanium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: germanium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only germanium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Germanium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:germanium atom.

portion of tungsten
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: tungsten
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only tungsten atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Tungsten' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:tungsten.

portion of erbium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: erbium
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only erbium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Erbium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:erbium.

portion of molybdenum
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: molybdenum atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only molybdenum atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Molybdenum' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:molybdenum atom.

portion of niobium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: niobium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only niobium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Niobium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:niobium atom.

portion of rhenium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: rhenium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only rhenium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Rhenium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:rhenium atom.

portion of lithium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: lithium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only lithium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Lithium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:lithium atom.

portion of nitrogen
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: nitrogen atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only nitrogen atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Nitrogen' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:nitrogen atom.

portion of cobalt
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: cobalt atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only cobalt atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Cobalt' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:cobalt atom.

portion of gold
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: gold atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only gold atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Gold' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:gold atom.

portion of argon
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: argon atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only argon atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Argon' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:argon atom.

portion of cadmium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: cadmium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only cadmium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Cadmium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:cadmium atom.

portion of barium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: barium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only barium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Barium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:barium atom.

portion of tantalum
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: tantalum atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only tantalum atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Tantalum' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:tantalum atom.

portion of antimony
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: antimony atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only antimony atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Antimony' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:antimony atom.

portion of potassium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: potassium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only potassium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Potassium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:potassium atom.

portion of phosphorus
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: phosphorus atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only phosphorus atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Phosphorus' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:phosphorus atom.

portion of boron
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: boron atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only boron atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Boron' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:boron atom.

portion of helium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: helium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only helium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Helium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:helium atom.

portion of silicon
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: silicon atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only silicon atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Silicon' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:silicon atom.

portion of nickel
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: nickel atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only nickel atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Nickel' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:nickel atom.

portion of yttrium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: yttrium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only yttrium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Yttrium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:yttrium atom.

portion of zirconium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: zirconium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only zirconium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Zirconium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:zirconium atom.

portion of copper
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: copper atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only copper atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Copper' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:copper atom.

portion of bohrium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: bohrium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only bohrium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Bohrium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:bohrium atom.

portion of fluorine
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: fluorine atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only fluorine atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Fluorine' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:fluorine atom.

portion of platinum
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: platinum
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only platinum atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Platinum' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:platinum.

portion of cerium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: cerium
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only cerium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Cerium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:cerium.

portion of sulfur
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: sulfur atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only sulfur atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Sulfur' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:sulfur atom.

portion of lead
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: lead atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only lead atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Lead' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:lead atom.

portion of krypton
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: krypton atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only krypton atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Krypton' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:krypton atom.

portion of bismuth
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: bismuth atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only bismuth atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Bismuth' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:bismuth atom.

portion of neon
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: neon atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only neon atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Neon' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:neon atom.

portion of thallium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: thallium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only thallium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Thallium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:thallium.

portion of selenium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: selenium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only selenium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Selenium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:selenium atom.

portion of ruthenium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: ruthenium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only ruthenium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Ruthenium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:ruthenium atom.

portion of magnesium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: magnesium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only magnesium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Magnesium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:magnesium atom.

portion of zinc
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: zinc atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only zinc atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Zinc' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:zinc atom.

portion of mercury
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: mercury atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only mercury atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Mercury' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:mercury atom.

portion of xenon
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: xenon atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only xenon atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Xenon' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:xenon atom.

portion of aluminium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: aluminium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only aluminium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Aluminium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:aluminium atom.

portion of sodium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: sodium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only sodium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Sodium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:sodium atom.

portion of iodine
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: iodine atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only iodine atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Iodine' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:iodine atom.

portion of caesium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: caesium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only caesium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Caesium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:caesium atom.

portion of chlorine
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: chlorine atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only chlorine atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Chlorine' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:chlorine atom.

portion of silver
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: silver atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only silver atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Silver' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:silver atom.

portion of samarium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: samarium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only samarium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Samarium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:samarium atom.

portion of manganese
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: manganese atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only manganese atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Manganese' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:manganese atom.

portion of arsenic
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: arsenic atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only arsenic atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Arsenic' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:arsenic atom.

portion of beryllium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: beryllium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only beryllium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Beryllium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:beryllium atom.

portion of calcium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: calcium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only calcium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Calcium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:calcium atom.

portion of neodymium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: neodymium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only neodymium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Neodymium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:neodymium atom.

portion of hydrogen
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: hydrogen atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only hydrogen atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Hydrogen' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:hydrogen atom.

portion of osmium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: osmium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only osmium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Osmium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:osmium atom.

portion of iridium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: iridium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only iridium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Iridium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:iridium atom.

portion of gallium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: gallium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only gallium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Gallium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:gallium atom.

portion of bromine
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: bromine atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only bromine atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Bromine' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:bromine atom.

portion of tin
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: tin atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only tin atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Tin' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:tin atom.

portion of hafnium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: hafnium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only hafnium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Hafnium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:hafnium atom.

portion of uranium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: uranium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only uranium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Uranium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:uranium atom.

portion of oxygen
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: oxygen atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only oxygen atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Oxygen' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:oxygen atom.

portion of palladium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: palladium
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only palladium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Palladium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:palladium.

portion of vanadium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: vanadium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only vanadium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Vanadium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:vanadium atom.

portion of scandium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: scandium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only scandium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Scandium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:scandium atom.

portion of titanium
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: portion of pure chemical element
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has part
    all values from: titanium atom
subclass of: portion of pure chemical element
comment: A Portion Of Matter that consists of only titanium atoms.
definition: A 'Portion Of Titanium' is a 'Portion Of Pure Substance' that 'consists of' only chebi:titanium atom.

steel
type: Class
subclass of: ferrous alloy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: portion of carbon
definition: Steel is a ferrous alloy that consists of iron and carbon and possibly other alloying elements (and possibly impurities).
isInMinimalProfile: true

nature constant
type: Class
subclass of: generically dependent continuant
definition: A nature constant is a generically dependent continuant whose value, magintude or configuration is determined by nature including physics and mathematics.
example: Examples of nature constants are the speed of light, pi, and the 14 Bravais lattices.
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice (3d)
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  one of: bravais lattice triclinic primitve
  one of: bravais lattice monoclinic primitive
  one of: bravais lattice monoclinic base-centered
  one of: bravais lattice orthorombic primitive
  one of: bravais lattice orthorhombic base-centered
  one of: bravais lattice orthorhombic body-centered
  one of: bravais lattice orthorhombic face-centered
  one of: bravais lattice tetragonal primitive
  one of: bravais lattice tetragonal body-centered
  one of: bravais lattice hexagonal rhombohedral primitive
  one of: bravais lattice hexagonal hexagonal primitive
  one of: bravais lattice cubic primitive
  one of: bravais lattice cubic body-centered
  one of: bravais lattice cubic face-centered
subclass of: categorical value specification
definition: The Bravais Lattice is a nature constant that describes the possible geometric arrangement of lattice points in a crystal. The present descriptor is limited to the 14 possible three-dimensional arrangements. TODO: possibly extend for 2D (Graphene etc) More elaborate crystal descriptions may be found in http://emmo.info/domain-crystallography/crystallography or https://purls.helmholtz-metadaten.de/disos/cso
isInMinimalProfile: true

proportion
type: Class
subclass of: relational quality
disjoint with: bond
alternative label: concentration
alternative label: fraction
definition: A Proportion is a relational quality between two entites (the whole and the part) which quantifies the relation between the whole and its part.
isInMinimalProfile: true

mass proportion
type: Class
subclass of: proportion
definition: The Mass Proportion is a Proportion which quantifies the mass of the part relative to the mass of the whole.
isInMinimalProfile: true

molar proportion
type: Class
subclass of: proportion
alternative label: Molar Ratio
definition: The Molar Proportion is the proportion which quantifies the entities count of the part in relation to the entites count of the whole.
example: The molar ratio of hydrogen gas H2 molecules to water H2O molecules is 1/1 in the oxyhydrogen reaction. The molar ratio of oxigen molecules O2 to water molecules is 2/1. The molar ratio of carbon dioxide to average atmosphere air is 420 ppm as of 2022 AD.
isInMinimalProfile: true

volume proportion
type: Class
subclass of: proportion
definition: The Mass Proportion is a Proportion which quantifies the volume of the part relative to the volume of the whole.
isInMinimalProfile: true

mineral
type: Class
subclass of: material
definition: A mineral is a material that has part some crystal.
isInMinimalProfile: true

polycrystal
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
definition: Polycrystal is an object aggregate that has continuant part some crystal grains
isInMinimalProfile: true

graphite
type: Class
subclass of: mineral
definition: A mineral that has part some crystal that in turn consists of some portion of carbon
isInMinimalProfile: true

grain size distribution
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: An intensive quality describing the lower length scale object aggregate (grains) that is part of the material.
isInMinimalProfile: true

fluid (object)
type: Class
subclass of: object
definition: fuild (object) is an object that consists of some portion of matter which bears an aggregate state that concretizes a liquid or gaseous aggregate state.

medium role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: Medium role is a role beared by an object which implies that the object serves as an intermediary for the transmission of something else, like energy, force, or information.
example: Air in the air cooling process, N2 atmosphere in a furnace cooling process, oil in a quenching process, crystal lattice in a solid state diffusion

aerosol
type: Class
subclass of: disconnected material entity aggregate
definition: An aerosol is a disconnected material entity aggregate which: 1. consists of some portion of matter whose aggregate state quality concretizes gasous and 2. consists of some portion of matter whose aggregate state quality concretises solid or liquid (TODO: express that this portion is also a disconnected material entity aggregate)
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state value
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  one of: aggregate state solid
  one of: aggregate state liquid
  one of: aggregate state gasous
  one of: aggregate state plasma
  one of: aggregate state atom gas
  one of: aggregate state supercritical fluid
  one of: aggregate state mesomorphic
  one of: aggregate state suprafluid
  one of: aggregate state suprasolid
subclass of: categorical value specification
definition: The aggregate state type is a nature constant that concretizes the aggregatge state quality.
isInMinimalProfile: true

foam
type: Class
subclass of: connected material entity aggregate
definition: A foam is a material entity aggregate that conssists of some 'Composite Material' c. The parts of c that bear the filler role are vacuum-filled or gas filled pores. The parts of c that bear the matrix role consist of a material that is bearer of solid or liquid aggregate state. One pore with its sourrounding matrix is called 'cell'. Depending of the interconnectedness of the pores the foam is open- or closed-cell.
isInMinimalProfile: true

thermodynamic system
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
definition: A thermodynamic system is an object aggregate whose objects are bearer of thermodynamic properties. A thermodynamic system environs a thermodynamic process by which the thermodynamic properties of the objects of the thermodynamic system change over time.
isInMinimalProfile: true

reversible process
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: A reversible process is a process whose participants form a thermodynamic system with an entropy S and S remains constant during the process.
isInMinimalProfile: true

driving force of phase in system
type: Class
subclass of: relational quality
definition: The driving force is the the gradient of the activity of a phase in a thermodynamic system.
example: For α → β: ΔG = G_β − G_α. If ΔG < 0, the transformation is thermodynamically favorable; many report the driving force as F = −ΔG > 0.
isInMinimalProfile: true

intensive quality
type: Class
subclass of: quality
disjoint with: extensive quality
alternative label: Point property
definition: An intensive quality is a qualty that inheres in only portion of matter and thus is independent of the bearers (system-) size.
isInMinimalProfile: true

size
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
definition: Size is the quality of a material entity that describes its spatial extend.
isInMinimalProfile: true

mass
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
comment: Mass is relevant in such processes as gravitation, acceleration, etc.
definition: Mass is fundamental extensive quality.
isInMinimalProfile: true

stimulus role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: The stimulus role is a role that an object bears in a process when causally influencing another object that bears a stimulation target role in the same process. 'Role' implies here, that the 'bearing' assignment depends on the intent.

stimulation target role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: See 'Stimulus role'

phase transformation
type: Class
subclass of: process
comment: The number of phases involved can vary as well as the mechanisms involved can be different.
definition: A thermodynamic phase transformation is a process in/of a thermodynamic system, that involves the transformation of phases of the system to other phases.
isInMinimalProfile: true

stable phase
type: Class
subclass of: phase (thermodynamic)
disjoint with: metastable phase
comment: See metastable phase
definition: A stable phase is a phase that does not have a "pmd:disposition of a phase to transform" in the "pmd:phase transformation" it participates.
example: A phase that participates in a phase transformation pt and pt that is not a metastable phase.
isInMinimalProfile: true

lot
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
definition: A lot is an object aggregate whose parts are output of the same prodction process.

melt
type: Class
subclass of: fluid (object)
label: Schmelze @de
definition: A melt is an object (material entity) that exists in a liquid state as a result of the phase transition from solid due to thermal energy input. In materials science, it typically refers to metals, alloys, or other substances maintained above their melting point.
definition: Eine Schmelze ist ein Objekt (eine materielle Einheit), das aufgrund des Phasenübergangs von einem Festkörper durch thermische Energiezufuhr in einem flüssigen Zustand vorliegt. In der Werkstoffkunde bezieht sich der Begriff in der Regel auf Metalle, Legierungen oder andere Stoffe, die oberhalb ihres Schmelzpunkts gehalten werden. @de
example: A pool of molten steel during casting.

portion of pure chemical element
type: Class
subclass of: pure substance
definition: A portion of pure chemical element is a pure substance composed of multiple atoms, which are all of the same kind.

energy
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
definition source: OEO_00000150
definition: Energy is a quality of material entities which manifests as a capacity to perform work (such as causing motion or the interaction of molecules)
isInMinimalProfile: true

process chain
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: A process chain is a process that 'has contiuant part' subprocesses S1...Sn where S1...Sn precede each other and where some object or object aggregate that are output of Sn are then input to Sn+1.

product (chemical reaction)
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: Product is the role of a material entity that is output of a chemical reaction and is created or transformed during the reaction.

educt
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: Educt is the role of a material entity that is input of a chemical reaction and is consumed or transformed during the reaction

catalyst
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: Catalyst is the role of a participant in a chemical reaction that does not alter its qualities/realizable entities after the chemical reaction.

eutectoid phase transformation
type: Class
subclass of: phase transformation
comment: It is defined on the phase diagram at fixed composition and typically proceeds by diffusion‑controlled nucleation and growth (e.g., γ → α + Fe3C producing pearlite in steels).
definition: A eutectoid phase transformation is a phase transformation in which a solid parent phase of eutectoid composition decomposes into two distinct solid daughter phases at constant temperature and pressure.
isInMinimalProfile: true

extensive quality
type: Class
subclass of: quality
definition: An extensive quality is a qualty that inheres in only object or object aggregate or fiat object part or chemical entity and is dependent on the bearers (system-) size.
isInMinimalProfile: true

metastable phase
type: Class
subclass of: phase (thermodynamic)
comment: The stability of a phase can only be evaluated in the context of a (possibly unknown) phase transformation process.
definition: A metastable phase phase_trans is a phase that has a "pmd:disposition of a phase to transform" disp_trans and disp_trans is realized in a "pmd:phase transformation" proc_trans and proc_trans has participant sys_trans and sys_trans has part phase_trans.
isInMinimalProfile: true

volume
type: Class
subclass of: size
definition: Volume is a three dimensional size.
isInMinimalProfile: true

internal energy
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
definition: Internal energy is a universal extensive quality that specifies the bearers potential to do work.
isInMinimalProfile: true

component
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
definition: A component is an object aggregate that bears a function in a technical system.

technical system
type: Class
subclass of: object aggregate
definition: A technical system is an object aggretate: 1. that is output of a manufacturing process, 2. that bears some function 3. whose continuant parts are some components.

precipitation (phase)
type: Class
subclass of: phase transformation
comment: It proceeds by nucleation and growth.
definition: Precipitation from a supersaturated solid solution is a phase transformation process in which a single supersaturated parent phase decomposes into a solute‑depleted matrix and dispersed, compositionally distinct precipitate phases.
isInMinimalProfile: true

interatomic interaction energy
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
definition: Interatomic interaction energy is added/removed from the atom aggregate if one atom is moved infinitely away from the rest of the aggregate.
isInMinimalProfile: true

peritectic phase transformation
type: Class
subclass of: phase transformation
comment: It is marked on phase diagrams by a peritectic point and proceeds by an interfacial, diffusion‑controlled reaction that is often kinetically sluggish, leading to incomplete transformation or complex microstructures during solidification.
definition: A peritectic phase transformation is a phase transformation in which a liquid parent phase and an existing solid phase react on cooling to form a different solid phase (L + α → β).
isInMinimalProfile: true

spinodal decomposition
type: Class
subclass of: phase transformation
comment: Unlike nucleation and growth transformations, it has no nucleation barrier and proceeds by uphill diffusion and wavelength‑selective amplification of composition modulations, producing an interconnected, compositionally modulated microstructure that coarsens over time.
definition: Spinodal decomposition is a diffusion‑controlled continuous phase transformation in which a single homogeneous solutionspontaneously separates into two compositionally distinct phases by amplification of infinitesimal concentration fluctuations.
isInMinimalProfile: true

parent phase role
type: Class
subclass of: role
disjoint with: daughter phase role
definition: The parent phase role is the role of a phase that dissolves during the phase transformation process. As such, the bearer is a metastable phase.

daughter phase role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: The daugther phase role is the role of a phase that forms during the phase transformation process.

microconstituent (phase mixture)
type: Class
subclass of: portion of matter
comment: In metallography the term phase is sometimes used to denote microconstituents. To avoid confusion, the term phase should only be used for thermodynamic phases.
definition: A portion of matter that has one or more thermodynamic phases arranged in a characteristic spatial configuration (morphology) as parts.
example: Pearlite is a microconstituent that has as parts the thermodynamic phases ferrite (α-Fe) and cementite (Fe3C) as parts. The characteristic spatial arrangement is in that case the lamellar orientation of the phases. Martensite is a microconstituent that has as part the thermodynamic ferrite phase with characteristic morphologies and chemistry. Its presence and amount is governed by the processing path and kinetics.
isInMinimalProfile: true

activity of a phase
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
editor note: Definition not final
comment: Typical configuration independent contributions to the free energy are temperature, pressure, chemical composition and magnetic contributions. Typical configuration dependent contributions are interface energy contributions.
definition: Quality of a thermodynamic phase that characterizes its free energy.

activation energy
type: Class
subclass of: process attribute
editor note: Definition not final
definition: Process attribute characterizing the kinetics of a phase transformation (aka chemical reaction).
isInMinimalProfile: true

eutectic phase transformation
type: Class
subclass of: phase transformation
definition: A eutectic phase transformation is a phase transformation in which a liquid parent phase decomposes into two distinct solid daughter phases at constant temperature and pressure.
isInMinimalProfile: true

disposition of a phase to transform
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
comment: The disposition is grounded in the phases activity in the thermodynamic system in question.
definition: The disposition of a phase to transform into another phase in a phase transformation process.
isInMinimalProfile: true

heat (metallurgy)
type: Class
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: melt
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has role
    some values from: blank role
definition: A heat is a fixed amount of metallic alloy that may be input to some Manifacturing Process.

force
type: Class
subclass of: realizable entity
definition: Force is a reciprocal relation realized between two objects where the other object exerces the same force with opposite sign onto the first. Force may be responsible for changes in velocity and/or deformation of objects.
isInMinimalProfile: true

section
type: Class
subclass of: fiat surface
definition: Section is a planar fiat surface cutting across the object

crack
type: Class
subclass of: site
definition: A crack is a physical separation of a material entity at the level of (atomic) Bonds.
isInMinimalProfile: true

notch
type: Class
subclass of: site
definition: A notch is a geometric feature of the 'surface layer' of an object that introduces a strong change in shape or cross section.
isInMinimalProfile: true

pore
type: Class
subclass of: site
definition: A pore is a cavity in the 'bulk' of an object
isInMinimalProfile: true

defect role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: A defect role is a role of an independent continuant C indicating that C may affect a material entity E's ability to realize a function. C is continuant part of E.
example: A crack in an structural member may affect its ability to carry a load.
isInMinimalProfile: true

amount of substance
type: Class
subclass of: molar proportion
definition: Amount of substance n is a molar propotion when the whole is a object aggregate N, which has Avogadro number objects (of same type) as parts (n = N/N_A).

composition
type: Class
subclass of: intensive quality
definition: Composition is a morphological quality describing the types and proportions of compounds (but not chemical elements) present in a portion of matter.
example: 4 vol.% nitric acid solution, Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) Block Copolymer with 50 vol.% of both styrene and butadiene
isInMinimalProfile: true

chemical composition specification
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: information content entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is concretized as
    some values from: chemical composition
subclass of: composition specification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is concretized as
  some values from: chemical composition
definition: Chemical composition specification is an information content entity that is conretized by chemical composition of a material and has memebers fraction specifications of portions of chemical elements of which the material consists of (has parts).
example: Steel has quality chemical composition , which concretizes the chemical composition specification .The chemical composition specification has parts fraction specifications of iron and carbon. These fraction specifications specify value of portion of iron and portion of carbon respectively. Furthermore, these fraction specifications are conretized by relational qualities (mass) proportion of iron and (mass) proportion of carbon.
isInMinimalProfile: true

metallic grain structure
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: specifies value of
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: metallic grain structures
subclass of: intensive quality
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: specifies value of
  some values from: metallic grain structures
definition: metallic grain structure characterizes the distinct phases in the microscopic structure of a metallic material. It concretizes ferrite, austenite, martensite, etc.
isInMinimalProfile: false

alloy
type: Class
subclass of: metal
definition: An alloy is a material containing any metallic element as its principal element, often combined with other elements for enhanced properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

fraction value specification
type: Class
subclass of: value specification
subclass of: Class
  intersection of: Class
    intersection of: value specification
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: specifies value of
      some values from: pure substance
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: specifies value of
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: chemical substance
        intersection of: Restriction
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property:
        inverse of: has member
      some values from: composition specification
  intersection of: Class
    intersection of: value specification
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: specifies value of
      some values from: portion of pure chemical element
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: specifies value of
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: material
        intersection of: Restriction
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property:
        inverse of: has member
      some values from: composition specification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: specifies value of
  some values from: portion of pure chemical element
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: specifies value of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: chemical substance
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has part
      some values from: pure substance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: specifies value of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: material
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: has part
      some values from: portion of pure chemical element
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: has member
  some values from: composition specification
definition: Fraction value specification is a value specification that contains information about quantative share of a part relative to a specified whole.
example: 2.05 wt.% of carbon in steel, 4 vol.% of nictric acid in a solution

length
type: Class
subclass of: size
comment: Length is a size that describes the spacial extend of its bearer in one dimension.
alternative label: dimension
definition: Length is a one dimensional size.
isInMinimalProfile: true

bond
type: Class
subclass of: force
definition: A bond is a relational quality describing the force interaction between atoms.
isInMinimalProfile: true

covalent bond
type: Class
subclass of: bond
definition source: types-of-chemical-bonds
definition: A covalent bond is a bond that forms when nonmetal atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.
example: In a water molecule (H₂O), the hydrogen and oxygen atoms share electrons.
isInMinimalProfile: true

metallic bond
type: Class
subclass of: bond
definition source: metallic-bond-definition-properties-and-examples-4117948
definition: A metallic bond is a bond that forms between metal atoms, where electrons are shared in a "sea" of electrons that move freely around the metal ions. This type of bonding gives metals their characteristic properties such as conductivity and malleability.
isInMinimalProfile: true

ionic bond
type: Class
subclass of: bond
definition source: types-of-chemical-bonds
definition: An ionic bond is a bond that occurs when one atom donates an electron to another atom, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract each other.
example: An example is the interaction between the atoms of sodium chloride (NaCl), where the sodium atom donates an electron to a chlorine atom.
isInMinimalProfile: true

thermoplastics
type: Class
subclass of: polymer
definition: A Thermoplastic is a Polymer that becomes moldable when heated and solidifies upon cooling.
isInMinimalProfile: true

polyethylene
type: Class
subclass of: thermoplastics
definition: Polyethylene is a Thermoplastic that is composed of repeating ethylene monomer units.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: PE

low-density polyethylene
type: Class
subclass of: polyethylene
definition: Low-Density Polyethylene is a Polyethylene that is characterized by a branched molecular structure and low density.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: PE-LD

high-density polyethylene
type: Class
subclass of: polyethylene
definition: High-Density Polyethylene is a Polyethylene that is characterized by a linear molecular structure and high density.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: PE-HD

linear low-density polyethylene
type: Class
subclass of: polyethylene
definition: Linear Low-Density Polyethylene is a Polyethylene that is distinguished by its linear backbone with short-chain branching.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: PE_LLD

polypropylene
type: Class
subclass of: thermoplastics
definition: Polypropylene is a Thermoplastic that is composed of repeating propylene monomer units.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: PP

isotactic polypropylene
type: Class
subclass of: polypropylene
definition: Isotactic Polypropylene is a Polypropylene in which all the methyl groups are aligned on the same side of the polymer chain.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: iPP

syndiotactic polypropylene
type: Class
subclass of: polypropylene
definition: Syndiotactic Polypropylene is a Polypropylene in which the methyl groups alternate regularly along the polymer chain.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: sPP

atactic polypropylene
type: Class
subclass of: polypropylene
definition: Atactic Polypropylene is a Polypropylene in which the methyl groups are randomly distributed along the polymer chain.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: aPP

polyvinyl chloride
type: Class
subclass of: thermoplastics
definition: Polyvinyl Chloride is a Thermoplastic that is formed by the polymerization of vinyl chloride monomers.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: PVC

rigid polyvinyl chloride
type: Class
subclass of: polyvinyl chloride
definition: Rigid PVC is a Polyvinyl Chloride that is characterized by its stiffness and durability.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: uPVC

flexible polyvinyl chloride
type: Class
subclass of: polyvinyl chloride
definition: Flexible PVC is a Polyvinyl Chloride that has been modified with plasticizers to impart flexibility.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: fPVC

polystyrene
type: Class
subclass of: thermoplastics
definition: Polystyrene is a Thermoplastic that is produced by the polymerization of styrene monomers.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: PS

general purpose polystyrene
type: Class
subclass of: polystyrene
definition: General Purpose Polystyrene is a Polystyrene that is valued for its clarity and ease of processing.
isInMinimalProfile: true

high impact polystyrene
type: Class
subclass of: polystyrene
definition: High Impact Polystyrene is a Polystyrene that is modified with rubber to improve its impact resistance.
isInMinimalProfile: true

polyethylene terephthalate
type: Class
subclass of: thermoplastics
definition: Polyethylene Terephthalate is a Thermoplastic that is synthesized from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: PET

amorphous polyethylene terephthalate
type: Class
subclass of: polyethylene terephthalate
definition: Amorphous PET is a Polyethylene Terephthalate that is characterized by a non-crystalline structure.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: APET

crystalline polyethylene terephthalate
type: Class
subclass of: polyethylene terephthalate
definition: Crystalline PET is a Polyethylene Terephthalate that is distinguished by its ordered, crystalline structure.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: CPET

thermosetting polymers
type: Class
subclass of: polymer
definition: A Thermosetting Polymer is a Polymer that, once cured, irreversibly sets into a permanent shape.
isInMinimalProfile: true

epoxy resins
type: Class
subclass of: thermosetting polymers
definition: Epoxy Resins are Thermosetting Polymers that form rigid, cross-linked networks upon curing.
isInMinimalProfile: true

bisphenol a epoxy
type: Class
subclass of: epoxy resins
definition: Bisphenol A Epoxy is an Epoxy Resin that is formulated using bisphenol A to enhance its mechanical properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

novolac epoxy
type: Class
subclass of: epoxy resins
definition: Novolac Epoxy is an Epoxy Resin that is based on novolac resins to provide improved thermal and chemical resistance.
isInMinimalProfile: true

phenolic resins
type: Class
subclass of: thermosetting polymers
definition: Phenolic Resins are Thermosetting Polymers formed by the reaction of phenol with formaldehyde.
isInMinimalProfile: true

phenol-formaldehyde resin
type: Class
subclass of: phenolic resins
definition: Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin is a Phenolic Resin that is synthesized from phenol and formaldehyde.
isInMinimalProfile: true

melamine formaldehyde
type: Class
subclass of: thermosetting polymers
definition: Melamine Formaldehyde is a Thermosetting Polymer produced from melamine and formaldehyde, known for its high hardness.
isInMinimalProfile: true

urea formaldehyde
type: Class
subclass of: thermosetting polymers
definition: Urea Formaldehyde is a Thermosetting Polymer formed from urea and formaldehyde, commonly used in adhesives and molding compounds.
isInMinimalProfile: true

elastomers
type: Class
subclass of: polymer
definition: An Elastomer is a Polymer that exhibits elasticity by returning to its original shape after deformation.
isInMinimalProfile: true

natural rubber
type: Class
subclass of: elastomers
definition: Natural Rubber is an Elastomer that is derived from the latex of rubber trees.
isInMinimalProfile: true

synthetic rubber
type: Class
subclass of: elastomers
definition: Synthetic Rubber is an Elastomer that is produced through chemical synthesis to mimic natural rubber’s properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

styrene-butadiene rubber
type: Class
subclass of: synthetic rubber
definition: Styrene-Butadiene Rubber is a Synthetic Rubber that is composed of styrene and butadiene to enhance abrasion resistance.
isInMinimalProfile: true

nitrile butadiene rubber
type: Class
subclass of: synthetic rubber
definition: Nitrile Butadiene Rubber is a Synthetic Rubber that is formulated from acrylonitrile and butadiene to provide resistance to oils and chemicals.
isInMinimalProfile: true

ethylene propylene diene monomer
type: Class
subclass of: synthetic rubber
definition: Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer is a Synthetic Rubber produced from ethylene, propylene, and a diene monomer to offer excellent weather resistance.
isInMinimalProfile: true

biodegradable polymers
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: polymer
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has disposition
    some values from: biodegradabilty
subclass of: polymer
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has disposition
  some values from: biodegradabilty
definition: Biodegradable Polymers are Polymers that have the biodegradability disposition. They can be decomposed by biological organisms into environmentally benign substances (carbon dioxide and methane, mineral salts or new biomass) in a non-harmful timescale.
isInMinimalProfile: true
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/126

polylactic acid
type: Class
subclass of: biodegradable polymers
definition: Polylactic Acid is a Biodegradable Polymer produced from renewable resources such as corn starch.
isInMinimalProfile: true

polyhydroxyalkanoates
type: Class
subclass of: biodegradable polymers
definition: Polyhydroxyalkanoates are Biodegradable Polymers that are biosynthesized by microorganisms from sugars or lipids.
isInMinimalProfile: true

polybutylene succinate
type: Class
subclass of: biodegradable polymers
definition: Polybutylene Succinate is a Biodegradable Polymer that is a thermoplastic polyester recognized for its compostability.
isInMinimalProfile: true

natural ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: ceramic
definition: Natural Ceramics (Traditional Ceramics) are Ceramics that are produced using conventional methods with natural raw materials such as clay and silica.
isInMinimalProfile: true

silicate ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: natural ceramics
definition: Silicate Ceramics are Traditional Ceramics that are composed primarily of silicate minerals.
isInMinimalProfile: true

clay-based ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: silicate ceramics
definition: Clay-Based Ceramics are Silicate Ceramics that are formed from natural clays.
isInMinimalProfile: true

earthenware
type: Class
subclass of: clay-based ceramics
definition: Earthenware is a Clay-Based Ceramic that is formed at relatively low temperatures, resulting in a porous, rustic material.
isInMinimalProfile: true

stoneware
type: Class
subclass of: clay-based ceramics
definition: Stoneware is a Clay-Based Ceramic that is fired at higher temperatures than earthenware to yield a denser, more durable material.
isInMinimalProfile: true

porcelain
type: Class
subclass of: clay-based ceramics
definition: Porcelain is a Clay-Based Ceramic that is distinguished by its translucency, strength, and refined appearance.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aluminosilicates
type: Class
subclass of: silicate ceramics
definition: Aluminosilicates are Silicate Ceramics that consist of aluminum and silicon oxides.
isInMinimalProfile: true

mullite
type: Class
subclass of: aluminosilicates
definition: Mullite is an Aluminosilicate that is a Silicate Ceramic known for its excellent high-temperature stability.
isInMinimalProfile: true

kaolinite
type: Class
subclass of: aluminosilicates
definition: Kaolinite is an Aluminosilicate that is a Silicate Ceramic based on the mineral kaolinite, valued for its fine particle size and plasticity.
isInMinimalProfile: true

non-clay ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: natural ceramics
definition: Non-Clay Ceramics are Traditional Ceramics that are formed from raw materials other than clay.
isInMinimalProfile: true

glass-ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: glass
subclass of: non-clay ceramics
definition: Glass-Ceramics are Non-Clay Ceramics that are produced by controlled crystallization of glass, combining properties of both glass and ceramics.
isInMinimalProfile: true

diameter
type: Class
subclass of: length
definition source: “Diameter.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/diameter. Accessed 5 Dec. 2022.
label: Durchmesser @de
definition: Die Länge einer geraden Linie durch den Mittelpunkt eines Objekts oder Raums. @de
definition: The length of a straight line through the center of an object or space.

leucite-based glass-ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: glass-ceramics
definition: Leucite-Based Glass-Ceramics are Glass-Ceramics that are Non-Clay Ceramics containing leucite crystals to enhance thermal and mechanical properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

fritted ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: non-clay ceramics
definition: Fritted Ceramics are Non-Clay Ceramics that are manufactured by fusing and subsequently grinding glass materials.
isInMinimalProfile: true

technical ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: ceramic
definition: Technical Ceramics (Advanced Ceramics) are Ceramics that are engineered for high-performance applications.
isInMinimalProfile: true

oxide ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: technical ceramics
definition: Oxide Ceramics are Advanced Ceramics that are composed primarily of metal oxides.
isInMinimalProfile: true

alumina
type: Class
subclass of: oxide ceramics
definition: Alumina is an Oxide Ceramic that is an Advanced Ceramic composed of aluminum oxide, renowned for its hardness and insulation properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: Al₂O₃

zirconia
type: Class
subclass of: oxide ceramics
definition: Zirconia is an Oxide Ceramic that is an Advanced Ceramic composed of zirconium dioxide, noted for its high strength and toughness.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: ZrO₂

yttria-stabilized zirconia
type: Class
subclass of: zirconia
definition: Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia is a Zirconia that is an Oxide Ceramic stabilized with yttria to enhance its thermal and mechanical performance.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: YSZ

magnesia-stabilized zirconia
type: Class
subclass of: zirconia
definition: Magnesia-Stabilized Zirconia is a Zirconia that is an Oxide Ceramic stabilized with magnesia to improve its thermal stability.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: MSZ

titania
type: Class
subclass of: oxide ceramics
definition: Titania is an Oxide Ceramic that is an Advanced Ceramic composed of titanium dioxide, used for its photocatalytic and pigment properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: TiO₂

beryllia
type: Class
subclass of: oxide ceramics
definition: Beryllia is an Oxide Ceramic that is an Advanced Ceramic composed of beryllium oxide, valued for its high thermal conductivity and electrical insulation.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: BeO

non-oxide ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: technical ceramics
definition: Non-Oxide Ceramics are Advanced Ceramics that are composed of compounds other than metal oxides.
isInMinimalProfile: true

carbide ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: non-oxide ceramics
definition: Carbide Ceramics are Non-Oxide Ceramics that consist of metal carbides.
isInMinimalProfile: true

silicon carbide
type: Class
subclass of: carbide ceramics
definition: Silicon Carbide is a Carbide Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of silicon and carbon, celebrated for its high hardness and thermal conductivity.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: SiC

tungsten carbide
type: Class
subclass of: carbide ceramics
definition: Tungsten Carbide is a Carbide Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of tungsten and carbon, recognized for its exceptional wear resistance.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: WC

boron carbide
type: Class
subclass of: carbide ceramics
definition: Boron Carbide is a Carbide Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of boron and carbon, known for its remarkable hardness and low density.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: B₄C

nitride ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: non-oxide ceramics
definition: Nitride Ceramics are Non-Oxide Ceramics that are composed of metal nitrides.
isInMinimalProfile: true

silicon nitride
type: Class
subclass of: nitride ceramics
definition: Silicon Nitride is a Nitride Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of silicon and nitrogen, offering high fracture toughness.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: Si₃N₄

aluminum nitride
type: Class
subclass of: nitride ceramics
definition: Aluminum Nitride is a Nitride Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of aluminum and nitrogen, prized for its high thermal conductivity.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: AlN

boron nitride
type: Class
subclass of: nitride ceramics
definition: Boron Nitride is a Nitride Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of boron and nitrogen, with a structure analogous to graphite.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: BN

boride ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: non-oxide ceramics
definition: Boride Ceramics are Non-Oxide Ceramics that consist of metal borides.
isInMinimalProfile: true

titanium diboride
type: Class
subclass of: boride ceramics
definition: Titanium Diboride is a Boride Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of titanium and boron, valued for its high hardness and melting point.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: TiB₂

zirconium diboride
type: Class
subclass of: boride ceramics
definition: Zirconium Diboride is a Boride Ceramic that is a Non-Oxide Ceramic composed of zirconium and boron, known for its excellent thermal conductivity and stability.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: ZrB₂

composite ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: technical ceramics
definition: Composite Ceramics are Advanced Ceramics that are produced by combining two or more ceramic phases to enhance overall performance.
isInMinimalProfile: true

oxide-oxide composites
type: Class
subclass of: composite ceramics
definition: Oxide-Oxide Composites are Composite Ceramics that consist entirely of oxide ceramic phases.
isInMinimalProfile: true

alumina matrix composites
type: Class
subclass of: oxide-oxide composites
definition: Alumina Matrix Composites are Oxide-Oxide Composites that use alumina as the primary matrix reinforced by secondary oxide phases.
isInMinimalProfile: true

zirconia matrix composites
type: Class
subclass of: oxide-oxide composites
definition: Zirconia Matrix Composites are Oxide-Oxide Composites that use zirconia as the primary matrix reinforced by additional oxide phases.
isInMinimalProfile: true

non-oxide composites
type: Class
subclass of: composite ceramics
definition: Non-Oxide Composites are Composite Ceramics that are formed by combining ceramic phases other than oxides.
isInMinimalProfile: true

silicon carbide matrix composites
type: Class
subclass of: non-oxide composites
definition: SiC Matrix Composites are Non-Oxide Composites that are built with silicon carbide as the primary matrix reinforced by other ceramic phases.
isInMinimalProfile: true

carbon-silicon carbide composites (carbon-silicon carbide)
type: Class
subclass of: non-oxide composites
definition: C-SiC Composites are Non-Oxide Composites that consist of a carbon matrix reinforced with silicon carbide, enhancing high-temperature performance.
isInMinimalProfile: true

electroceramics
type: Class
subclass of: ceramic
definition: Electroceramics are Ceramics that are specifically engineered for electrical, magnetic, or superconducting applications.
isInMinimalProfile: true

dielectric ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: electroceramics
definition: Dielectric Ceramics are Electroceramics that serve primarily as electrical insulators due to their high dielectric constants.
isInMinimalProfile: true

barium titanate
type: Class
subclass of: dielectric ceramics
definition: Barium Titanate is a Dielectric Ceramic that is an Electroceramic composed of barium, titanium, and oxygen, noted for its ferroelectric properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: BaTiO₃

lead zirconate titanate
type: Class
subclass of: dielectric ceramics
definition: Lead Zirconate Titanate is a Dielectric Ceramic that is an Electroceramic composed of lead, zirconium, and titanium, renowned for its piezoelectric behavior.
isInMinimalProfile: true
abbreviation: PZT

magnetic ceramics (ferrites)
type: Class
subclass of: electroceramics
definition: Magnetic Ceramics are Electroceramics that exhibit magnetic properties, typically based on iron oxides combined with other metal oxides.
isInMinimalProfile: true

soft ferrites
type: Class
subclass of: magnetic ceramics (ferrites)
definition: Soft Ferrites are Magnetic Ceramics that are characterized by low coercivity and high permeability, making them ideal for transformer cores.
isInMinimalProfile: true

hard ferrites
type: Class
subclass of: magnetic ceramics (ferrites)
definition: Hard Ferrites are Magnetic Ceramics that are characterized by high coercivity, making them suitable for permanent magnets.
isInMinimalProfile: true

superconducting ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: electroceramics
definition: Superconducting Ceramics are Electroceramics that exhibit zero electrical resistance below a critical temperature.
isInMinimalProfile: true

yttrium barium copper oxide
type: Class
subclass of: superconducting ceramics
definition: Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide is a Superconducting Ceramic that is composed of yttrium, barium, copper, and oxygen, notable for its high critical temperature.
isInMinimalProfile: true

bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide
type: Class
subclass of: superconducting ceramics
definition: Bismuth Strontium Calcium Copper Oxide is a Superconducting Ceramic that is composed of bismuth, strontium, calcium, copper, and oxygen, featuring a layered crystal structure.
isInMinimalProfile: true

bioceramics
type: Class
subclass of: ceramic
definition: Bioceramics are Ceramics that are engineered to be compatible with biological systems.
isInMinimalProfile: true

bioinert ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: bioceramics
definition: Bioinert Ceramics are Bioceramics that are designed to remain inert in biological environments to minimize adverse reactions.
isInMinimalProfile: true

alumina-based ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: bioinert ceramics
definition: Alumina-Based Ceramics are Bioinert Ceramics that are composed primarily of alumina, valued for their biocompatibility.
isInMinimalProfile: true

zirconia-based ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: bioinert ceramics
definition: Zirconia-Based Ceramics are Bioinert Ceramics that are composed primarily of zirconia, offering high strength and inertness.
isInMinimalProfile: true

bioactive ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: bioceramics
definition: Bioactive Ceramics are Bioceramics that interact with biological tissues to promote bonding or regeneration.
isInMinimalProfile: true

hydroxyapatite
type: Class
subclass of: bioactive ceramics
definition: Hydroxyapatite is a Bioactive Ceramic that is composed of calcium phosphate and closely resembles the mineral component of bone.
isInMinimalProfile: true

bioglass
type: Class
subclass of: bioactive ceramics
definition: Bioglass is a Bioactive Ceramic that is a silicate-based glass formulated to bond with and stimulate biological tissues.
isInMinimalProfile: true

bioresorbable ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: bioceramics
definition: Bioresorbable Ceramics are Bioceramics that are designed to gradually be resorbed and replaced by natural tissue.
isInMinimalProfile: true

tricalcium phosphate
type: Class
subclass of: bioresorbable ceramics
definition: Tricalcium Phosphate is a Bioresorbable Ceramic that is composed of calcium phosphate, commonly used in bone grafting applications.
isInMinimalProfile: true

calcium sulfate
type: Class
subclass of: bioresorbable ceramics
definition: Calcium Sulfate is a Bioresorbable Ceramic that is composed of calcium sulfate, known for its solubility in biological environments.
isInMinimalProfile: true

silicate glasses
type: Class
subclass of: glass
definition: Silicate Glasses are Glasses that are composed primarily of silica.
isInMinimalProfile: true

soda-lime glass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate glasses
definition: Soda-Lime Glass is a Silicate Glass that is formulated from silica, soda, and lime and is widely used in windows and containers.
isInMinimalProfile: true

clear float glass
type: Class
subclass of: soda-lime glass
definition: Clear Float Glass is a form of Soda-Lime Glass that is known for its clarity and uniform thickness.
isInMinimalProfile: true

patterned glass
type: Class
subclass of: soda-lime glass
definition: Patterned Glass is a form of Soda-Lime Glass that is modified with surface textures for decorative purposes.
isInMinimalProfile: true

tinted glass
type: Class
subclass of: soda-lime glass
definition: Tinted Glass is a form of Soda-Lime Glass that is treated with coloring agents to alter its light transmission.
isInMinimalProfile: true

borosilicate glass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate glasses
definition: Borosilicate Glass is a Silicate Glass that is formulated with boron oxide to improve thermal resistance.
isInMinimalProfile: true

pyrex-type glass
type: Class
subclass of: borosilicate glass
definition: Pyrex-Type Glass is a form of Borosilicate Glass that is renowned for its high resistance to thermal shock.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aluminosilicate glass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate glasses
definition: Aluminosilicate Glass is a form of Silicate Glass that is specifically formulated to resist high temperatures.
isInMinimalProfile: true

lead glass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate glasses
definition: Lead Glass is a Silicate Glass that is formulated with lead oxide to increase brilliance and refractive index.
isInMinimalProfile: true

potash lead glass
type: Class
subclass of: lead glass
definition: Potash Lead Glass is a form of Lead Glass that utilizes potash as a flux in addition to lead oxide.
isInMinimalProfile: true

barium glass
type: Class
subclass of: lead glass
definition: Barium Glass is a form of Lead Glass that is modified with barium oxide to alter its optical properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

high-temperature resistant glass
type: Class
subclass of: aluminosilicate glass
definition: High-Temperature Resistant Glass is an Aluminosilicate Glass that is engineered to maintain stability at elevated temperatures.
isInMinimalProfile: true

non-silicate glasses
type: Class
subclass of: glass
definition: Non-Silicate Glasses are Glasses that are not primarily composed of silica.
isInMinimalProfile: true

phosphate glass
type: Class
subclass of: non-silicate glasses
definition: Phosphate Glass is a Non-Silicate Glass that is composed mainly of phosphate compounds, offering distinct optical properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

borate glass
type: Class
subclass of: non-silicate glasses
definition: Borate Glass is a Non-Silicate Glass that is composed mainly of boron oxide and is known for its low melting point.
isInMinimalProfile: true

germanate glass
type: Class
subclass of: non-silicate glasses
definition: Germanate Glass is a Non-Silicate Glass that is composed primarily of germanium oxide, noted for its infrared transmission.
isInMinimalProfile: true

optical glass
type: Class
subclass of: functional glass
definition: Optical Glass is Functional Glass that is formulated for high-precision light transmission and refractive performance.
isInMinimalProfile: true

fused silica glass
type: Class
subclass of: optical glass
definition: Fused Silica Glass is an Optical Glass that is made from pure silica, prized for its high transparency and thermal stability.
isInMinimalProfile: true

crown glass
type: Class
subclass of: optical glass
definition: Crown Glass is an Optical Glass that is characterized by its low dispersion and high clarity.
isInMinimalProfile: true

flint glass
type: Class
subclass of: optical glass
definition: Flint Glass is an Optical Glass that is distinguished by its high refractive index and dispersion.
isInMinimalProfile: true

specialty glasses
type: Class
subclass of: glass
definition: Specialty Glasses are Advanced Glasses that are engineered for specific functional roles.
isInMinimalProfile: true

chemically strengthened glass
type: Class
subclass of: specialty glasses
definition: Chemically Strengthened Glass is a Specialty Glass that is treated via chemical processes to enhance its strength.
isInMinimalProfile: true

ion-exchanged glass
type: Class
subclass of: chemically strengthened glass
definition: Ion-Exchanged Glass is a form of Chemically Strengthened Glass that is produced by exchanging ions to improve durability.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aluminosilicate gorilla glass
type: Class
subclass of: aluminosilicate glass
subclass of: chemically strengthened glass
definition: Aluminosilicate Gorilla Glass is a Chemically Strengthened Glass that is enhanced with an aluminosilicate composition for superior scratch resistance.
isInMinimalProfile: true

toughened (tempered) glass
type: Class
subclass of: specialty glasses
definition: Toughened Glass is a Specialty Glass that is mechanically treated to increase its strength and safety.
isInMinimalProfile: true

laminated glass
type: Class
subclass of: specialty glasses
definition: Laminated Glass is a Specialty Glass that is composed of multiple bonded layers to improve safety and acoustic performance.
isInMinimalProfile: true

electrochromic glass
type: Class
subclass of: specialty glasses
definition: Electrochromic Glass is a Specialty Glass that can reversibly change its light transmission properties when an electrical voltage is applied.
isInMinimalProfile: true

photochromic glass
type: Class
subclass of: specialty glasses
definition: Photochromic Glass is a Specialty Glass that alters its optical properties in response to exposure to light.
isInMinimalProfile: true

thermochromic glass
type: Class
subclass of: specialty glasses
definition: Thermochromic Glass is a Specialty Glass that changes its optical properties as a function of temperature.
isInMinimalProfile: true

lithium disilicate glass-ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: glass-ceramics
definition: Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramics are Glass-Ceramics that contain lithium disilicate crystals to provide high strength and aesthetic appeal.
isInMinimalProfile: true

transparent glass-ceramics
type: Class
subclass of: glass-ceramics
definition: Transparent Glass-Ceramics are Glass-Ceramics that are engineered to maintain optical transparency despite partial crystallization.
isInMinimalProfile: true

functional glass
type: Class
subclass of: glass
definition: Functional Glass is Advanced Glass that is designed to perform specific roles beyond conventional optical applications.
isInMinimalProfile: true

conductive glass
type: Class
subclass of: functional glass
definition: Conductive Glass is Functional Glass that has been modified to exhibit electrical conductivity.
isInMinimalProfile: true

indium tin oxide coated glass
type: Class
subclass of: conductive glass
definition: Indium Tin Oxide Coated Glass is a form of Conductive Glass that is coated with a thin film of indium tin oxide to enable electrical conduction.
isInMinimalProfile: true

fluorine-doped tin oxide glass
type: Class
subclass of: conductive glass
definition: Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide Glass is a form of Conductive Glass that is coated with tin oxide doped with fluorine for enhanced conductivity.
isInMinimalProfile: true

magnetic glass
type: Class
subclass of: functional glass
definition: Magnetic Glass is Functional Glass that is modified to exhibit magnetic properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

iron-borosilicate glass
type: Class
subclass of: magnetic glass
definition: Iron-Borosilicate Glass is a Magnetic Glass that incorporates iron and borosilicate compounds to display magnetic behavior.
isInMinimalProfile: true

cobalt-borosilicate glass
type: Class
subclass of: magnetic glass
definition: Cobalt-Borosilicate Glass is a Magnetic Glass that is formulated with cobalt to enhance its magnetic properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

nonlinear optical glass
type: Class
subclass of: functional glass
definition: Nonlinear Optical Glass is Functional Glass that is engineered to display nonlinear optical responses under intense light.
isInMinimalProfile: true

chalcogenide glass
type: Class
subclass of: nonlinear optical glass
definition: Chalcogenide Glass is a Nonlinear Optical Glass that is composed of chalcogen elements, offering infrared transmission and nonlinear optical behavior.
isInMinimalProfile: true

tellurite glass
type: Class
subclass of: nonlinear optical glass
definition: Tellurite Glass is a Nonlinear Optical Glass that is formulated with tellurium oxide to achieve a high refractive index and nonlinear properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

bioactive glass
type: Class
subclass of: glass
definition: Bioactive Glass is Advanced Glass that is designed to interact beneficially with biological tissues.
isInMinimalProfile: true

silicate-based bioactive glass
type: Class
subclass of: bioactive glass
definition: Silicate-Based Bioactive Glass is a Bioactive Glass that is composed primarily of silicate compounds to facilitate bonding with biological tissue.
isInMinimalProfile: true

45S5 bioglass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate-based bioactive glass
definition: 45S5 Bioglass is a Silicate-Based Bioactive Glass with a specific composition known for its ability to bond with bone.
isInMinimalProfile: true

S53P4 bioglass
type: Class
subclass of: silicate-based bioactive glass
definition: S53P4 Bioglass is a Silicate-Based Bioactive Glass formulated with a distinct composition for enhanced bioactivity.
isInMinimalProfile: true

phosphate-based bioactive glass
type: Class
subclass of: bioactive glass
definition: Phosphate-Based Bioactive Glass is a Bioactive Glass that is composed predominantly of phosphate compounds.
isInMinimalProfile: true

borate-based bioactive glass
type: Class
subclass of: bioactive glass
definition: Borate-Based Bioactive Glass is a Bioactive Glass that is formulated with borate compounds to promote biological interaction.
isInMinimalProfile: true

amorphous metal glass
type: Class
subclass of: glass
definition: Amorphous Metal Glass is Glass that is characterized by a disordered, non-crystalline atomic structure, resembling a frozen liquid.
isInMinimalProfile: true

iron-based metallic glass
type: Class
subclass of: amorphous metal glass
definition: Iron-Based Metallic Glass is an Amorphous Metal Glass that is predominantly composed of iron.
isInMinimalProfile: true

magnesium-based metallic glass
type: Class
subclass of: amorphous metal glass
definition: Magnesium-Based Metallic Glass is an Amorphous Metal Glass that is primarily composed of magnesium, noted for its low density.
isInMinimalProfile: true

zirconium-based metallic glass
type: Class
subclass of: amorphous metal glass
definition: Zirconium-Based Metallic Glass is an Amorphous Metal Glass that is composed mainly of zirconium, valued for its corrosion resistance and strength.
isInMinimalProfile: true

thickness
type: Class
subclass of: length
label: Dicke @de
definition: Diese Klasse beschreibt das gemessene Maß in einer Richtung eines Prüfkörpers. @de
definition: This class describes the measured dimension in one direction of a test piece.

width
type: Class
subclass of: length
label: Breite @de
definition: Diese Klasse beschreibt eine horizontale Messung eines Objekts, die im rechten Winkel zur Länge des Objekts vorgenommen wird. @de
definition: This class describes a horizontal measurement of an object taken at right angles to the length of the object.

shape
type: Class
subclass of: extensive quality
definition source: “Shape.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/shape. Accessed 13 Jan. 2023.
label: Form @de
definition: Das sichtbare Ausstattungsmerkmal (räumliche Form oder Kontur) eines bestimmten Objektes oder einer Art von Objekt. @de
definition: The visible makeup characteristic (spatial form or contour) of a particular item or kind of item.a

geometry shape
type: Class
subclass of: shape
definition source: DIN EN ISO 6892-1:2019
label: Geometrische Form @de
definition: Dieses Konzept beschreibt die geometrischen Abmessungen und das Erscheinungsbild (Form und Abmaße) einer Probe, eines Prüfkörpers oder eines Prüfstücks, wie sie üblicherweise durch eine entsprechende Norm definiert sind. Dementsprechend ist der angegebene Formwert in Übereinstimmung mit der definierenden Norm anzugeben, z. B. "Zugprüfstück Form 1 gemäß Anhang B der Zugversuchsnorm". @de
definition: This concept describes the geometric dimensions and appearance (shape and dimensions) of a sample, specimen, or test piece as usually defined by a corresponding standard. Accordingly, the shape value given is in accordance with the defining standard, e.g., ‘tensile test piece shape 1 in accordance with annex B of the tensile test standard’.

shape 3d
type: Class
subclass of: geometry shape
label: 3D Geometrie @de
definition: A shape 3D is a geometry shape that exists in three dimensions, having length, width, and height, and can be defined by its spatial properties such as volume and surface area.
definition: Eine 3D Geometrie ist eine geometrische Form, die in drei Dimensionen existiert, mit Länge, Breite und Höhe, und die durch ihre räumlichen Eigenschaften wie Volumen und Oberfläche definiert werden kann. @de
example: Beispiele sind Formen wie Würfel, Kugeln und Pyramiden. @de
example: Examples include shapes like cubes, spheres, and pyramids.

device specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
definition: A directive information entity that outlines the technical requirements, features, constraints, and performance criteria of a specific device, guiding its design, manufacturing, operation, or maintenance.
isInMinimalProfile: true

material specification
type: Class
subclass of: directive information entity
definition: A directive information entity that defines the composition, properties, performance criteria, and acceptable standards for a material, guiding its selection, processing, and application in a specific context.
isInMinimalProfile: true

recipe
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
definition: A plan specification that outlines the ingredients, proportions, and procedural steps required to prepare a specific product, typically in cooking, manufacturing, or chemical processes.

specification datum
type: Class
subclass of: data item
definition: A data item that provides specification for entities
isInMinimalProfile: true

biodegradabilty
type: Class
subclass of: disposition
definition source: European Commission: Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, Biodegradability of plastics in the open environment, Publications Office of the European Union, 2021, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/690248
label: Biologische Abbaubarkeit @de
definition: "[Biodegradabilty] [...] is understood as the microbial conversion of all its organic constituents to carbon dioxide (or carbon dioxide and methane in conditions where oxygen is not present), new microbial biomass and mineral salts, within a timescale short enough not to lead to lasting harm or accumulation in the open environment."
definition: "[Biologische Abbaubarkeit] [...] beschreibt die mikrobielle Umwandlung all seiner organischen Bestandteile in Kohlendioxid oder – unter sauerstofffreien Bedingungen – in Kohlendioxid und Methan, neue mikrobielle Biomasse und Mineralsalze verstanden, und zwar innerhalb eines Zeitraums, der so kurz ist, dass es nicht zu dauerhaften Schäden oder Anreicherungen in der offenen Umwelt kommt." @de
definition: Biodegradability is a disposition of a material which specifies its capability to be fully microbially converted into inorganic end products (CO₂, CH₄, mineral salts, biomass) within an environmentally non-harmful timescale.
term tracker annotation: https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology/issues/126

vickers hardness
type: Class
subclass of: indentation hardness
definition source: https://www.iso.org/obp/ui#iso:std:iso:14705:ed-3:v1:en:term:3.1
definition: value obtained by dividing the applied force by the surface area of the indentation computed from the mean of the measured diagonals of the indentations, assuming that the indentation is an imprint of the undeformed indenter

Vickers HV 5 ISO 6507
type: Class
subclass of: vickers hardness
definition source: https://www.iso.org/obp/ui#iso:std:iso:14705:ed-3:v1:en:term:3.1
definition: Vickers hardness test when test force is more than 49.03 N

Vickers hardness testing machine
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: hardness tester
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has role
    some values from: hardness testing machine role
subclass of: hardness tester
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has role
  some values from: hardness testing machine role
definition: An instrument used to measure the hardness of materials by pressing a diamond-shaped indenter into the surface and evaluating the resulting indentation.

diagonal
type: Class
subclass of: size
definition: A straight line connecting two non-adjacent corners or vertices of a polygon.

verification process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
definition: A process of evaluating whether a system, component, or result meets specified requirements or standards.

inter indentations distance
type: Class
subclass of: length
definition source: https://www.beuth.de/de/norm/din-en-iso-6506-1/204131134
definition: The distance between the centres of two adjacent indentations

indentation to edge distance
type: Class
subclass of: length
definition source: https://www.beuth.de/de/norm/din-en-iso-6506-1/204131134
definition: The distance from the edge of the test piece to the centre of each indentation

indentation
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: site
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has quality
    some values from: indentation diagonal
subclass of: site
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has quality
  some values from: indentation diagonal
definition: A localized impression or mark on a material’s surface created during a hardness test or mechanical interaction.

indenter
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: device
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: part of
    some values from: hardness tester
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has role
    some values from: indenter role
subclass of: device
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: part of
  some values from: hardness tester
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has role
  some values from: indenter role
definition source: https://www.iso.org/obp/ui#iso:std:iso:23718:ed-1:v1:en:term:1.4.12
definition: body with a hard tip, typically of diamond, hardmetal (tungsten carbide alloy), or, in special cases, steel, of specified geometry through which the test force is applied in the course of an indentation test

indenter role
type: Class
subclass of: device role
definition: A role played by a tool or component that creates an indentation in a material to facilitate hardness testing or surface characterization.

hardness testing machine role
type: Class
subclass of: device role
definition: A role played by a machine that performs hardness measurements to determine the resistance of materials to deformation.

optical measuring system
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: device
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has role
    some values from: optical measuring system role
subclass of: device
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has role
  some values from: optical measuring system role
definition: A system that uses light-based techniques, such as lasers or cameras, to measure physical properties, dimensions, or geometries of objects.

vickers machine optical measuring system
type: Class
subclass of: optical measuring system
definition: An optical system integrated with a Vickers hardness testing machine to accurately measure the indentation and determine material hardness.

certified reference material
type: Class
subclass of: object
definition: A material with one or more well-characterized properties, certified by an authoritative body, used to ensure accuracy and traceability in measurements.
abbreviation: CRM

vickers reference material
type: Class
subclass of: certified reference material
definition source: https://www.beuth.de/de/norm/din-en-iso-6506-1/204131134
definition: The vickers certified reference material is equivalent to the hardness reference block, i.e. a piece of material with a certified value and associated uncertainty.

Vickers hardness testing process
type: Class
subclass of: hardness testing process
definition source: https://www.iso.org/obp/ui#iso:std:iso:6507:-1:dis:ed-5:v1:en
definition: A hardness testing process where hardness value of a material measured normally using a diamond indenter. A diamond indenter, in the form of a right pyramid with a square base and with a specified angle between opposite faces at the vertex, is forced into the surface of a test piece followed by measurement of the diagonal length of the indentation left in the surface after removal of the test force.

uncertainty
type: Class
subclass of: relational quality
definition: A quantitative indication of the doubt about a measurement result, expressing the range within which the true value is expected to lie.

measuring process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
definition: A planned process of determining the value of a physical quantity by comparing it with a defined unit or standard.

temperature measuring process
type: Class
subclass of: measuring process
definition: A planned process of determining the thermal state of a system or material by comparing it against a defined temperature scale using appropriate instruments.

expriment designing process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
definition: A planned process of planning and structuring experimental methods, conditions, and variables to reliably test hypotheses or obtain data.

calculating process
type: Class
subclass of: computing process
definition: A process in which numerical or symbolic operations are performed to derive a result from given data or parameters.

reporting process
type: Class
subclass of: process
definition: A process of collecting, organizing, and presenting information or results in a structured form for communication or documentation.

angle
type: Class
subclass of: relational quality
definition: A property that represents the measure of rotation or inclination between two intersecting lines or planes, independent of the size of the object.

certified reference material role
type: Class
subclass of: role
definition: A role played by a material that provides certified property values to support calibration, validation, or quality assurance activities.

optical measuring system role
type: Class
subclass of: device role
definition: A role played by a system that uses optical techniques to measure, observe, or evaluate physical properties or geometries of a material or object.

equation textual entity
type: Class
subclass of: textual entity
definition: A textual entity that represents mathematical or logical relationships using symbolic notation in text form.

date value specification
type: Class
subclass of: value specification
definition: A datum that represents a date or time interval associated with another specification.

test piece preparation process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
definition source: https://www.britannica.com/science/sample-preparation
definition: A planned processes in which a representative piece of material is extracted from a larger amount and readied for analysis.

depth
type: Class
subclass of: size
definition: The distance from a reference surface or point to a specific point or feature along a perpendicular or defined direction.

indentation depth
type: Class
subclass of: depth
definition source: https://mrmsmtbs-iitk.vlabs.ac.in/indent%20depth.html#:~:text=Indent%20depth%20is%20the%20depth,the%20plastic%20and%20elastic%20deformation.
definition: Indent depth is the depth from the surface of the sample to the indenter tip or indentation depth of the indenter.

vickers hardness uncertainty
type: Class
subclass of: uncertainty
definition: Vickers hardness measurement uncertainty is the expression of the statistical dispersion of the values attributed to a measured quantity.

calibration process
type: Class
subclass of: planned process
definition: A process of comparing measurement values delivered by an instrument or system with known reference standards to ensure accuracy and traceability.

vickers testing machine callibration process
type: Class
subclass of: calibration process
definition source: https://www.beuth.de/de/norm/din-en-iso-6506-1/204131134
definition: The process of calibration of Vickers testing machines and verification of Vickers hardness values.

vickers hardness testing machine uncertainty
type: Class
subclass of: vickers hardness uncertainty
definition source: https://www.beuth.de/de/norm/din-en-iso-6506-1/204131134
definition: Standard uncertainty of hardness testing machine when measuring CRM

vickers hardness measurement resolution uncertainty
type: Class
subclass of: vickers hardness uncertainty
definition source: https://www.beuth.de/de/norm/din-en-iso-6506-1/204131134
definition: The uncertainty derived from maximum permissible error

vickers hardness bias uncertainty
type: Class
subclass of: vickers hardness uncertainty
definition source: https://www.beuth.de/de/norm/din-en-iso-6506-1/204131134
definition: Standard uncertainty due to resolution of the indentation diognal measuring system

Vickers HV 0.2 ISO 6507
type: Class
subclass of: vickers hardness
definition source: https://www.iso.org/obp/ui#iso:std:iso:14705:ed-3:v1:en:term:3.1
definition: Low-force Vickers hardness test when ranges of test force is between 1.961 and 49.03 N

Vickers HV 0.001 ISO 6507
type: Class
subclass of: vickers hardness
definition source: https://www.iso.org/obp/ui#iso:std:iso:14705:ed-3:v1:en:term:3.1
definition: Vickers microhardness test when ranges of test force is between 0,009 807 and 1,961 N

polishing process
type: Class
subclass of: test piece preparation process
definition: surface finishing process that smooths or shines a material by mechanical, chemical, or electrochemical means to improve its appearance or properties.

electropolishing process
type: Class
subclass of: polishing process
definition: An electrochemical process that smooths and brightens a metal surface by selectively removing material through anodic dissolution.

indentation diagonal
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: diagonal
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: quality of
    some values from: indentation
subclass of: diagonal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: quality of
  some values from: indentation
definition: The straight-line distance between two opposite corners of an indentation made during a hardness test.

averaging process
type: Class
subclass of: calculating process
definition: A process in which multiple measurements or data points are combined to produce a single representative value, typically to reduce noise or variability.

Vickers hardness calculating
type: Class
subclass of: calculating process
definition: a process in which the hardness of a material is determined by measuring the size of an indentation made by a diamond pyramid under a known load and calculating the Vickers hardness value from it.

uncertainty calculating
type: Class
subclass of: calculating process
definition: A process in which the possible errors or variations in measurement results are quantified to estimate the reliability or confidence level of the measured value.

process environment
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
definition: A material entity that surrounds or interacts with a process, influencing its conditions or outcomes, such as temperature, pressure, or atmosphere.

atmosphere
type: Class
subclass of: process environment
definition: An environment consisting of gases that surround a material or process, affecting its physical or chemical behavior.

Vickers test piece role
type: Class
subclass of: test piece role
definition: role of an object that serves as the prepared portion of a specimen specifically intended for performing a Vickers hardness test — having defined dimensions, surface conditions, and preparation suitable for indentation and measurement according to the Vickers testing procedure.

Vickers test standard
type: Class
subclass of: plan specification
definition: a standard that defines the procedures, conditions, and requirements for performing and evaluating the Vickers hardness test.

Vickers testing date
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: date value specification
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is about
    some values from: Vickers hardness testing process
subclass of: date value specification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is about
  some values from: Vickers hardness testing process
definition: a date datum that specifies when a Vickers hardness test was performed.

project designation
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
definition: an identifier assigned to distinguish and reference a specific project.

Vickers test related project
type: Class
subclass of: project designation
definition: a project designation that identifies the project associated with a specific Vickers hardness test.

operator identification
type: Class
subclass of: written name
definition: A textual entity intended to identify a particular operator

Vickers test operator identification
type: Class
subclass of: operator identification
definition: A textual entity intended to identify the operator who performed the Vickers hardness test.

test piece material designation
type: Class
subclass of: material designation
definition: an identifier assigned to specify the material of a test piece

test piece chemical composition specification
type: Class
subclass of: composition specification
definition: an information content entity that specifies the values of the chemical components of a test piece material.

test piece preparation specification
type: Class
subclass of: action specification
definition: an action specification that defines how a test piece is to be prepared before testing.

Vickers test piece preparation specification
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: test piece preparation specification
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: denotes
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: test piece preparation process
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: part of
        some values from: Vickers hardness testing process
subclass of: test piece preparation specification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: denotes
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: test piece preparation process
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: part of
      some values from: Vickers hardness testing process
definition: an action specification that defines how a test piece is to be prepared for a Vickers hardness test.

test piece dimension value
type: Class
subclass of: scalar value specification
definition: a value specification that specifies the dimensions of a test piece.

Vickers test piece dimension value
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: test piece dimension value
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: specifies value of
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: size
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: quality of
        some values from: Class
subclass of: test piece dimension value
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: specifies value of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: size
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: quality of
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: object
        intersection of: Restriction
definition: a value specification that specifies the dimensions of a test piece used in a Vickers hardness test.

device designation
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
definition: an identifier assigned to distinguish and reference a specific device.

Vickers test machine designation
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: device designation
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property:
      inverse of: concretizes
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: hardness testing machine role
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: role of
        some values from: Class
subclass of: device designation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: concretizes
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: hardness testing machine role
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: role of
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: Vickers hardness testing machine
        intersection of: Restriction
definition: an identifier assigned to distinguish and reference a specific Vickers hardness testing machine.

Vickers indenter designation
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: device designation
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property:
      inverse of: concretizes
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: indenter role
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: role of
        some values from: Class
subclass of: device designation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: concretizes
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: indenter role
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: role of
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: indenter
        intersection of: Restriction
definition: an identifier assigned to distinguish and reference a specific Vickers hardness test indenter.

Vickers indenter angel value
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: scalar value specification
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: specifies value of
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: angle
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: relational quality of
        some values from: Class
subclass of: scalar value specification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: specifies value of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: angle
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: relational quality of
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: indenter
        intersection of: Restriction
definition: a value specification that specifies the angle of the Vickers indenter.

Vickers indenter material designation
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: material designation
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: denotes
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: material
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: part of
        some values from: Class
subclass of: material designation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: denotes
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: material
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: part of
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: indenter
        intersection of: Restriction
definition: a material designation that identifies the material from which a Vickers hardness test indenter is made.

object designation
type: Class
subclass of: identifier
definition: an identifier assigned to distinguish and reference a specific object.

Vickers certified reference material designation
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: object designation
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property:
      inverse of: concretizes
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: certified reference material role
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: role of
        some values from: Class
subclass of: object designation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: concretizes
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: certified reference material role
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: role of
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: certified reference material
        intersection of: Restriction
definition: an object designation that identifies a certified reference material used for calibration or verification in a Vickers hardness test.

Vickers test temperature value
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: scalar value specification
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: specifies value of
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: temperature
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: quality of
        some values from: Class
subclass of: scalar value specification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: specifies value of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: temperature
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: quality of
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: atmosphere
        intersection of: Restriction
definition: a value specification that specifies the temperature at which a Vickers hardness test is performed.

Vickers test force value
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: scalar value specification
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: specifies value of
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: force
      intersection of: Restriction
        some values from: Class
subclass of: scalar value specification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: specifies value of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: force
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property:
        inverse of: realizes
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: expriment designing process
        intersection of: Restriction
definition: a value specification that specifies the applied test force in a Vickers hardness test.

Vickers test loading time value
type: Class
subclass of: scalar value specification
definition: a value specification that specifies the duration of load application in a Vickers hardness test.

Vickers test average hardness value
type: Class
subclass of: Vickers test hardness value
definition: a value specification that specifies the average hardness value from a Vickers hardness test.

Vickers test average diagonal value
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: scalar value specification
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: specifies value of
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: indentation diagonal
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: output of
        some values from: Class
subclass of: scalar value specification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: specifies value of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: indentation diagonal
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: output of
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: averaging process
        intersection of: Restriction
definition: a value specification that specifies the average length of the indentation diagonals in a Vickers hardness test.

Vickers test uncertainty hardness value
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Vickers test hardness value
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: specifies value of
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: vickers hardness uncertainty
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: participates in
        some values from: Class
subclass of: Vickers test hardness value
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: specifies value of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: vickers hardness uncertainty
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: participates in
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: uncertainty calculating
        intersection of: Restriction
definition: a value specification that specifies the uncertainty associated with a Vickers hardness value.

Vickers test hardness range value
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Vickers test hardness value
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: output of
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: reporting process
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: part of
        some values from: Vickers hardness testing process
subclass of: Vickers test hardness value
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: output of
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: reporting process
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: part of
      some values from: Vickers hardness testing process
definition: a value specification that specifies the range of hardness values obtained in a Vickers hardness test.

Vickers hardness equation
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: equation textual entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: participates in
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: Vickers hardness calculating
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: part of
        some values from: Vickers hardness testing process
subclass of: equation textual entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: Vickers hardness calculating
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: part of
      some values from: Vickers hardness testing process
definition: an equation used to calculate the Vickers hardness value from the applied load and the indentation size.

Vickers hardness uncertainty equation
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: equation textual entity
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: participates in
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: uncertainty calculating
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: part of
        some values from: Vickers hardness testing process
subclass of: equation textual entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: participates in
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: uncertainty calculating
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: part of
      some values from: Vickers hardness testing process
definition: an equation used to calculate the measurement uncertainty associated with a Vickers hardness value.

hardness unit label
type: Class
subclass of: measurement unit label
definition: measurement unit label that represents the scale or value used to express material hardness.

Vickers test hardness value
type: Class
subclass of: scalar value specification
definition: a value specification that specifies the hardness value from a Vickers hardness test.

Vickers test piece chemical composition specification
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: test piece chemical composition specification
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is concretized as
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: chemical composition
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: quality of
        some values from: Class
subclass of: chemical composition specification
subclass of: test piece chemical composition specification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is concretized as
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: chemical composition
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: quality of
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: object
        intersection of: Restriction
definition: an information content entity that specifies the values of the chemical components of the material used for a Vickers test piece.

Vickers test piece material designation
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: test piece material designation
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property:
      inverse of: concretizes
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: test piece role
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: role of
        some values from: Class
subclass of: test piece material designation
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: concretizes
  some values from: Class
    intersection of: test piece role
    intersection of: Restriction
      on property: role of
      some values from: Class
        intersection of: object
        intersection of: Restriction
definition: an identifier assigned to specify the material of a test piece used in a Vickers hardness test, like its name or ID

Vickers test standard deviation hardness value
type: Class
subclass of: Vickers test hardness value
definition: a value specification that specifies the standard deviation of hardness values measured in a Vickers hardness test.

example to be eventually removed
type: NamedIndividual

metadata complete
type: NamedIndividual
textual definition: Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete.

organizational term
type: NamedIndividual
textual definition: Term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release

ready for release
type: NamedIndividual
textual definition: Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release."

metadata incomplete
type: NamedIndividual
textual definition: Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors.

uncurated
type: NamedIndividual
textual definition: Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term.

pending final vetting
type: NamedIndividual
textual definition: All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor.

to be replaced with external ontology term
type: NamedIndividual
textual definition: Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology.
definition source: group:OBI

requires discussion
type: NamedIndividual
textual definition: A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues.
definition source: group:OBI

bravais lattice triclinic primitve
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice monoclinic primitive
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice monoclinic base-centered
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice orthorombic primitive
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice orthorhombic base-centered
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice orthorhombic body-centered
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice orthorhombic face-centered
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice tetragonal primitive
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice tetragonal body-centered
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice hexagonal rhombohedral primitive
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice hexagonal hexagonal primitive
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice cubic primitive
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice cubic body-centered
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bravais lattice cubic face-centered
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

bainite
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

austenite
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

ferrite
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

ledeburite
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

pearlite
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

widmanstatten structure
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

martensite
type: NamedIndividual
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state solid
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state where the bonds between entites trasmit shear forces.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state liquid
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state where the bonds of the entites transmit no shear force.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state gasous
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state where the entities have no bonding.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state plasma
type: NamedIndividual
definition: An aggregate state where the entites are atom nuclei and have no bonds.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state atom gas
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A gaseous state where the gas entities are atoms.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state supercritical fluid
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state with strong bindings between entites that do not transmit shear force.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state mesomorphic
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state where some bonds transmit shear stresses and some do not.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state suprafluid
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state with frictionless binding that transmits no shear force between entites.
isInMinimalProfile: true

aggregate state suprasolid
type: NamedIndividual
definition: A state that exhibits suprafluid and solid properties.
isInMinimalProfile: true

HV 5
type: NamedIndividual
type: hardness unit label
comment: a Vickers hardness unit label that indicates a hardness value measured in a Vickers hardness test using a test force greater than 49.03 N (5 kgf).

Vickers_certified_reference_material_designation
type: NamedIndividual
type: information content entity
type: Vickers certified reference material designation

Vickers_indenter_angel_value
type: NamedIndividual
type: information content entity
type: Vickers indenter angel value

Vickers_indenter_designation
type: NamedIndividual
type: information content entity
type: Vickers indenter designation

Vickers_indenter_material_designation
type: NamedIndividual
type: information content entity
type: Vickers indenter material designation

Vickers_test_average_diagonal_value
type: NamedIndividual
type: information content entity
type: Vickers test average diagonal value

Vickers_test_average_hardness_value
type: NamedIndividual
type: information content entity
type: Vickers test average hardness value

Vickers_test_force_value
type: NamedIndividual
type: information content entity
type: Vickers test force value

Vickers_test_hardness_range_value
type: NamedIndividual
type: information content entity
type: Vickers test hardness range value

Vickers_test_loading_time_value
type: NamedIndividual
type: information content entity
type: Vickers test loading time value

Vickers_test_machine_designation
type: NamedIndividual
type: information content entity
type: Vickers test machine designation

Vickers_test_operator_identification
type: NamedIndividual
type: information content entity
type: Vickers test operator identification

Vickers_test_piece_chemical_composition_specification
type: NamedIndividual
type: information content entity
type: Vickers test piece chemical composition specification

Vickers_test_piece_dimension_value
type: NamedIndividual
type: information content entity
type: Vickers test piece dimension value

Vickers_test_piece_material_designation
type: NamedIndividual
type: information content entity
type: Vickers test piece material designation

Vickers_test_piece_preparation_specification
type: NamedIndividual
type: information content entity
type: Vickers test piece preparation specification

Vickers_test_related_project
type: NamedIndividual
type: information content entity
type: Vickers test related project

Vickers_test_standard
type: NamedIndividual
type: information content entity
type: Vickers test standard

Vickers_test_standard_deviation_hardness_value
type: NamedIndividual
type: information content entity
type: Vickers test standard deviation hardness value

Vickers_test_temperature_value
type: NamedIndividual
type: information content entity
type: Vickers test temperature value

Vickers_test_uncertainty_hardness_value
type: NamedIndividual
type: information content entity
type: Vickers test uncertainty hardness value

Vickers_testing_date
type: NamedIndividual
type: information content entity
type: Vickers testing date

failed exploratory term
textual definition: The term was used in an attempt to structure part of the ontology but in retrospect failed to do a good job

placeholder removed

terms merged
editor note: An editor note should explain what were the merged terms and the reason for the merge.

term imported
editor note: This is to be used when the original term has been replaced by a term imported from an other ontology. An editor note should indicate what is the URI of the new term to use.

term split
editor note: This is to be used when a term has been split in two or more new terms. An editor note should indicate the reason for the split and indicate the URIs of the new terms created.

universal
editor note: Hard to give a definition for. Intuitively a "natural kind" rather than a collection of any old things, which a class is able to be, formally. At the meta level, universals are defined as positives, are disjoint with their siblings, have single asserted parents.
definition source: A Formal Theory of Substances, Qualities, and Universals, http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bfo/SQU.pdf

defined class
textual definition: A defined class is a class that is defined by a set of logically necessary and sufficient conditions but is not a universal
editor note: "definitions", in some readings, always are given by necessary and sufficient conditions. So one must be careful (and this is difficult sometimes) to distinguish between defined classes and universal.

named class expression
textual definition: A named class expression is a logical expression that is given a name. The name can be used in place of the expression.
editor note: named class expressions are used in order to have more concise logical definition but their extensions may not be interesting classes on their own. In languages such as OWL, with no provisions for macros, these show up as actuall classes. Tools may with to not show them as such, and to replace uses of the macros with their expansions

out of scope
textual definition: The term was added to the ontology on the assumption it was in scope, but it turned out later that it was not.
editor note: This obsolesence reason should be used conservatively. Typical valid examples are: un-necessary grouping classes in disease ontologies, a phenotype term added on the assumption it was a disease.

dc:license

Martin Glauer

Fabian Neuhaus

Bernd Bayerlein

Markus Schilling

Lars Vogt

Henk Birkholz

Simon Stier

Thomas Hanke

Kostiantyn Hubaiev

Philipp von Hartrott